By george Lasluisa ESPE

1. By George Lasluisa

2. Choose a method of approach.
Translate with four levels in mind.
• SL text level.
• Referential level.
• Cohesive level
• Level of naturalness.
The revision procedure

3. Translationtheory
when the purpose of
the text is to convince
the reader, a method
of translation must
be natural.
If the text is an
expression of the
peculiar innovative
and authoritative
style of an author the
translator's own
version has to reflect
any deviation from a
'natural' style.
Natureofthe
naturalness
Binds translation
theory with
translating theory.
At every level of
language.
Translatingtheory
Psychological factor.
Makes Translation
theory practical.

4. 1º
Translate sentence by sentence.
The first paragraph or chapter.
Feel the tone of the text.
Review and read the rest.
2º
Read the whole text several times.
Find intention, register, tone, mark
difficult words.
When you feel oriented start
translating

6. Take source grammar and covert them to the
translated equivalent.
Intuitively and automatically.
Avoid translating idioms.
Part of translating.

7. • What is happening?
and why? For what
purpose?
• Can you visualise it?
Ambiguity, not
clear, abstract,
figurative.
• Add the necessary
information.
• Polysemous elemnts
can only be done here
(referential lvl).
I cannot visualise
it • NO
• We are working at
the real and linguistic
levels to make sense
into the target
language.
Dissapear or
deverbalize the
source?

8. Links the first and
second level
Structure
Mood
•The preceding factors:
•By the use of connective words.
•Known information with new
information.
•By the use of adjectives or
qualities.
•Use positive or neutral words from
both languages.

9.  Avoiding philosophy, fiction, surrealism, baroque, etc.
 Use ordinary language, common grammar, idioms, etc.
 Read our own translation, imagine it is the original one.
 There are words from the source we cannot find in the target language.
 We must make changes.
REMEMBER TO REREAD YOUR TRANSLATION AND THINK
IF THIS WOULD BE PLACED IN
SOME IMPORTANT PLACE LIKE A NEWSPAPER.

10.  “ordinary language”
Used by philosophers to pay close attention to details in the use of everyday
language.
 “basic language”
Easily understood, use of the most frequent syntactic structures.
It is the basis of natural production.
TO BE NATURAL WE HAVE TO UNDERSTAND COMMON STRUCTURES
BASED ON MODERN LANGUAUGE.

11. The sentence
Use literal translation, then join sentences.
If it is difficult, keep the original nad work on a similar.
Abandon the original and créate a new one when it lasck of
naturalness.

12. • Nothing grammatical.
• Collocations, fixed phrases, idioms, etc.
• 4 types of meaning:

13. Geographical terms
• Consider
contemporary
naming, clasifiers
to mountaing
river, etc.
• UMTALI city was
changed to
MUTARE in 1982
Medical texts
• Medicines,
components,
symptoms,
diseases.
• Search for
spelling, research
for te correct
anming in the
target country.
Recomendation
• Look for
synonyms.
• Change order of
words can help.

14.  We constantly try to make a better work at translating.
 We must keep original words, do not use synonyms.
 DO not change and be arbitrary.
 We do not have license to write what we think as better.
 Leave things that are not translatable.