housekeeping notes

1. CHAPTER -2
STAIN REMOVAL.

2. OBJECTIVES.
• At the end of this learning unit learner will
be able to.
• State definition of stains.
• Explain General procedure for stain
removal.
• Identify different types of stains.
• classify different types of stains.

3. Definition of stain.
• A stain is a spot or discolouration left on
fabric by reaction with or absorption of
foreign substance.

4. what one needs to keep in mind while
attempting to remove stains.
• COMPOSITION
COLOUR OF THE FABRICS.
• NATURE AND AGE OF THE STAIN.

5. General procedure for stain removal.
• Identify the stain.
• Classify the stain.
• Selection of reagents required for spotting.
• Selecting the right procedure for stain removal.
• Step by step procedure must be adopted for
removing of stains

6. Identification of stain.
• colour
• Texture.
• odour.
• location.

7. Principles of stain removal.
• Important points to be kept in mind for
stain removal.
• All stains should be removed as earliest as
possible ,while they are still fresh.
• Known stains should be treated with
specific reagents meant for their removal.

8. • If the nature of stain is unknown it should be
treated with simple to complex reagents.
• Old stains are difficult to remove and may be
soaked in glycerine to soften.
• Nature and texture of the fabrics should be kept
in mind while selecting the reagent for stain
removal.

9. • The reagent and the fabrics should stay in contact with
each other for the minimum time , for effective stain
removal.
• The reagent bottle should be tightly capped after every
use.
• The room should have a good ventilation.
• After stain removal,the spotted area must be neutralized.
• Shortcuts should be avoided.

10. classification of stains
• ANIMAL STAIN.
• BLOOD
• EGGS
• MILK
• MEAT
• PERSPIRATION
• (Note.Warm water should never
be used on them as the protein
present will coagulates.)
• VEGETABLE STAIN
• TEA
• COFFEE
• JUICES
• FRUITS
• GRASS
• TOMATO
• GRAVY
• WINES.

11. • Grease stain.
Butter,greasy,curry,oil,paint,ghee,grease etc.
• Mineral stains.
• Writing ink,medicines,rust
• Natural dyes and pigments.
• Henna ,betal leaf,tobacco,chocolate,coffee,tea,

12. Types of stain.
• Absorbed stain.These Type of stains penetrate
the fabric easily.e.g coffee,tea
• Built-up stain.These are caused by liquid which
fail to penetrate the fabric and lie on the fabric
surface.e.g paint,distemper,glues.
• compound stain.These are a combination of
both absorbed and built up stains.it can both
pentrate aswell as built residue on the
surface.e.g blood