Here is a presentation on problem-solving skill. Enjoy it!

1. PROBLEM
SOLVING
Presented by :
o Aya khairat
o Fatima zahrae el merrache

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS :
Introduction
01
Defining goals and representing
the problem
03
Identifying : Problem finding
02
Searching for possible
solution strategies
04
05 06
Anticipating,acting,and
looking back
Factors hindering problem
solving

3. Introduction
01

4.  Definition :
● Problem-solving is a process of setting and reaching
subgoals on the path to a final solution. “ Schunk,
2016”
● Problem-solving, as defined by Mayer and Wittrock
(2006), involves formulating new answers, going
beyond the simple application of learned rules to
achieve a goal.

5. Identifying the problem
02

6. Identification of the problem :
 Clarity is a key  Focus on solutions

7. Defining goals and representing the
problem
03

8. To represent a problem and set a goal students have to:
1-Focus attention on what is relevant: Students must
find the relevant information and ignore the irrelevant
details.
2-understand the words: understand the meaning of the
words, sentences, and factual information in the
problem.
3-understand the whole problem: students have to
understand what the problem is really asking.

9. Worked examples :
• Cognitive Load Theory and effectiveness
• Characteristics of Effective Worked Examples
• Active Engagement with Examples
• Comparative Analysis in Learning
• Information Integration Strategies
• Alternating Between Examples and Problem-Solving
• Developing Problem-Solving Schema

10. Embodied cognition :
 Multisensory Learning Channels
 Embodied Cognition and Learning

11. Problem Representation Outcomes :
 Search for a solution
 Schema-driven problem solving

12. Searching for possible solution
strategies :
04

13.  Algorithms :
Algorithm is a step-by-step prescription for
achieving a goal.
Its successful application guarantees the right
outcome.

14.  Heuristics :
Means-ends-analysis: it involves breaking down your problem into
subgoals and then determining how to solve each subgoal.
Working backward strategy: you start with the goal and move backward
to solve the problem.
Analogical thinking: you limit the search for solutions to situations that
share similarities with the current problem.

15. Anticipating ,acting and
looking back
05

16. o In this stage, students choose the right solution and anticipate
the consequences .

17. Factors hindering problem solving
06

18.  Functional Fixedness : Inability to use objects or tools in a
new way .
 Response set : The tendancy to respond in the most familiar
way .

19. ● Representativeness heuristic
● Availability heuristic
● Belief preservance
● Confirmation bias
Issues with heuristics in problem solving :

20. CREDITS: This presentation template was
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THANKS
Do you have any questions?

21. As future educators ,how do you plan to
encourage a problem-solving mindset in your
students and inspire them to think beyond
conventional solutions ?