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Principles of counceliing techniques
- 1. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING TECHNIQUES SUBMITTEDTO: DR. DEEPIKA KHAKHA SUBMITTED BY ESTHER MARY MATHEW
- 2. INTRODUCTION Counseling isa process, as well as a relationship, between persons. Counselling is a scientific process of assistance extended by an expert in an individual situation to a needy person. Counselling involves relationship between two persons in which one of them (counsellor) attempts to assists the other (counselee or client) in so organising himself as to attain a particular form of happiness, adjusting to a life situation , or in short self actualisation.
- 3. COUNSELING ... Williamson “It isa means of helping people to learn how to solve their own problems.” Carl Rogers (1965) “It is a definitely structured relationship which allows the client to gain an understanding of himself to a degree which enables him to take positive steps in the light of his new orientation.”
- 4. Counseling aims to... Assist an individual towards: Self-knowledge Self-realization Self-development
- 5. Purposes of Counselling A - ASSISTANCE D - DEVELOPMENT V - VAST INFORMATION I - INSPIRATION S - SOLUTION E - ENCOURAGEMENT
- 6. TYPES OF COUNSELLING Directive Counseling Non – Directive Counseling Eclectic Counseling
- 7. Directive Counseling (prescriptive counselling). This approach of counseling is advocated by E.G. Williamson. Counsellor –centred: the counsellor direct the client to take steps in order to resolve his conflicts. It is based on assumption that the client cannot solve his own problems for lack of information.
- 8. The counsellorplays an important role; he tries to direct the thinking of counselee by informing , explaining, interpreting and advising. It gives more importance to intellectual aspect than emotional aspects.
- 9. STEPS OF DIRECTIVECOUNSELLING Williamson has given six steps of directive counselling : Analysis Synthesis Diagnosis Prognosis Counselling Follow up
- 10. MERITS It isless time consuming; hence this method can be adopted when an early solution is required. This method is best; less matured and less intelligent client interact with an experienced counsellor. This is best method at lower levels where the client is not in a position to analyse his own problem In this method, the counsellor becomes readily available to help the client which makes the client very happy.
- 11. DEMERITS In directivecounselling, the client never becomes independent of the counsellor. So it is not an effective or best guidance. The personal autonomy and integrity of the client is not respected, it leads to new adjustment problems. It will not help the individual to develop any attitudes through his own experiences. The counsellor fails in saving the client to commit the mistakes in future.
- 12. NON-DIRECTIVE COUNSELLING Thisschool of thought is just reverse to that of directive counseling. It is a client-centred process. In this, the counselee is the pivot of the whole counselling process. The main function of the counsellor is to create an atmosphere in which the client can work out his problem.
- 13. It isalso known as permissive counselling. In this type of counselling, emotional elements rather than intellectual element are stressed.
- 14. NONDIRECTIVE COUNSELLING Theprinciples of acceptance & tolerance are extremely important in this approach. The basic assumptions related to nondirective counseling approach are: Patient is given importance than the counselling directions & investigations Creation of an atmosphere where patients can work out their understanding is more important than cultivating self-understanding in the patient. leads to a voluntary choice of goals & a conscious selection of courses of action.
- 15. STEPS OF THENONDIRECTIVE COUNSELLING APPROACH Defining the problem situation Counselee given freedom to express his feeling Identifying counselees feeling Developing coulees insight Termination of counseling
- 16. ECLECTIC COUNSELLING Eclecticcounselling is a type of counselling which is neither counsellor-centred nor client centred; but a combination of both. Here the counsellor is neither too active as in directive counselling nor too passive as in non-directive counselling, but follows a middle course.
- 17. CHARACTERISTICS OF ECLECTIC COUNSELLING Methods of counselling may change from client to client or even with the same client from time to time. It is highly flexible. Freedom of choice and expression is open to both the counsellor and the counselee. Experience of mutual confidence and faith in the relationship are basic. The client and the philosophical framework are adjusted to save the purpose of the relationship.
- 18. STEPS OF ECLECTIC COUNSELLING Establishing rapport Diagnosisthe problem Analyzing the case Preparing a tentative plan for modifying behavior Counselling Follow-up
- 19. ECLECTIC COUNSELLING Advantages ofeclectic counseling approach practical approach. It is a more flexible approach of counseling. It is more objective & coordinated approach of counseling. Limitations of eclectic counselling approach The role of counselor & the counselee are not predetermined. It requires more skilled counselors to handle the dynamic feature of this counseling approach.
- 20. OTHER TYPES OFCOUNSELLING A)Based on length of the counselling session: Short-term counseling Long-term counseling B) Based on number of counselees involved: Individual counseling Group counseling
- 21. COUNSELLING ENVIRONMENT Welcoming :Greet clients appropriately Comfortable : Have comfortable seats A place with few distractions: No telephone Somewhere where privacy and confidentiality can be maintained Non-threatening : A place where people can feel relaxed
- 22. PERSONALITY TRAITS OFAN EFFECTIVE COUNSELOR 1. SELF AWARENESS AND UNDERSTANDING Self-awareness is the ability to look within and identify your own unmet psychological needs and desires, such as a need for intimacy or the desire to be professionally competent. This ability prevents your issues from affecting or conflicting with those of your clients. 2. GOOD PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH Although no persons is totally problem free but a person with less problems or good psychological health can be trained to be counselor.
- 23. PERSONALITY TRAITS OFAN EFFECTIVE COUNSELOR 3. RAPPORT-BUILDING SKILLS Counselors must possess a strong set of interpersonal skills to help establish rapport quickly with clients and develop strong relationships. They must give their undivided attention to clients and be able to cultivate trust. 4. OPEN MINDNESS A person who is free from fixed or pre occupied ideas .They are aware of their own values and beliefs and are able to distinguish them from the beliefs and values of others.
- 24. PERSONALITY TRAITS OFAN EFFECTIVE COUNSELOR 5. TRUST WORTHINESS A person who is reliable ,honest and does not hurt other persons. He/She keep the information to herself. 6. APPROACHABILITY The counselor who is friendly has positive attitudes about others and can be approached without a feeling of apprehension.
- 25. QUALITIES OF AGOOD COUNSELOR G–Good technical knowledge O–Obtaining appropriate information from the patient O–Objectively answering questions D–Demonstrating professionalism C –Confidentiality maintenance O–Observant U–Unbiased N–Nonjudgmental S – Sensitive to the needs of the patient E–Empathetic L–Listens carefully O–Open minded R–Respects the rights of the patients
- 26. COUNSELLING PROCESS Stage 1 Relationship building Stage2 Assessment and diagnosis Stage 3 Formulation of counseling goals Stage 4 Intervention and problem solving Stage 5 Termination and Follow Up
- 27. STAGE 1: RELATIONSHIPBUILDING Introduce yourself. Listen attentively. Empathy, genuiness and warmth enhances relationship building. Always address the person by his or her name. Ensure physical comfort. Observe non-verbal communication.
- 28. STAGE 2: ASSESSMENTAND DIAGNOSIS Assessing through: observation and Inquiry Associate facts Make Hypotheses Record Information
- 29. STAGE 3: FORMULATIONOF COUNSELING GOALS Five Categories of Counseling Goals To change an unwanted or unwelcome behavior To better cope To make and implement decisions To enhance relationships
- 30. STAGE 4: INTERVENTIONAND PROBLEM SOLVING Characteristics of a good treatment plan… goals are clearly defined and reachable plan able to be adapted with time positive and action-oriented focus Essential to an effective plan…is client’s motivation and willingness to follow it.
- 31. STAGE 5: TERMINATIONAND FOLLOW UP Role to review progress Think of this as a means of empowering the client. Termination considered not just at end of successful relationship, but also is considered when it seems counseling is not being helpful.
- 32. STEPS TO SUCCESSIN COUNSELLING Willingness Motivation Commitment Faith
- 33. CONCLUSION Effective counseling reducesconfusions, allowing the client to make effective decisions and leading to positive changes in their attitude and behavior. “An unresolved issue will be like a cancer with the potential to spread into other areas of your relationship”