The document outlines the principles and processes of counseling, emphasizing its role as a therapeutic tool for problem-solving and mental health improvement. Key principles include acceptance, respect, and the need for professional training, while the counseling process involves relationship building, problem assessment, goal setting, and interventions. Various counseling techniques and types are discussed, alongside the critical role of nurses in providing effective counseling to patients.

1. Presentation on
Presented By-
Mohan. K
Principal
Kreda school of Nursing
Bangalore-562130

2. COUNSELING denotes “ Giving of Advice”
Counseling comes from the Latin word “Consilum” meaning plan, advice.
Counseling is a talking therapy that allows people to discuss their problems
with trained professionals.
Counseling is a helping process aimed at- problem solving.
Counseling – done with individual, group or with couple.
Definition :-
Counseling is face to face communication by which counselor help the
counselee to make decision or solve a problem and act on them.
Purposes of Counseling :-
First is to identify the problems of person
Attainment of good mental health
To encourage people to be motivated by educational objectives.
Assists in resolving issues (anxiety, fear, attitude etc)
Counseling to help people make better decisions.

3. • Principle of acceptance
• Principles of
permissiveness
• Principle of respect
• Principle of thinking
• Principle of learning
• Professional
Principles
of
Counseling

4. Principle of acceptance:-
Counselor should give response of clients rights. The counselor should
accept client as a patient. Their care should equal for all patient. They
should not justify the rich, poor, handsome, beauty etc. in nursing field.
Principles of permissiveness:-
Counseling is a relationship between the counselor and learner.
For example:- The teacher should give permission express their issues.
The teacher should give freedom to the students.
Principle of respect:-
The counselor should give respect the individual and their rights. Counselor
should collaborate the individual decision making.
For example:- a individual comes with some issue to counselor, the
counselor should listen the issues and try to solve his/ her issues.

5. Principle of thinking:-
Counseling is a process of thinking for the learner or individual.
The counselor should thinking about the individual problems.
And counselor should think how to give better solution to the
individual problems.
Principle of learning:-
Learning is a ongoing process. The learner can learn by the
counselor. The counselor know the various strategies of learning
process.
Professional:-
Counseling should not be carried out by any body. It require a
specialized , skilled & trained person i.e. counselor.

6. Scope of Counseling:-
The scope of counseling are inevitable. Each and every individual needs a
positive and optimistic mind set. The scope of counseling covers various
aspects of human life including
• Individual Counseling:-
Identify problems, relationships, anxiety, depression, family problems,
behavior management, gender (identity and sexuality), grief , drug abuse,
eating disorders, HIV, spirituality, status and middle age syndrome.
• Marital and Pre-Marital Counseling:-
Marital and relationship dynamics, Relationship and fertility issues.
• Family Counseling:-
Children and adult behaviors, divorce , separation problems and adjustments,
family problems, life stages, parenting and remarriage relationship counseling.

7. COUNSELLING PROCESS:-
•The counseling process is a planned, structured dialogue
between a counsellor and a client.
•It is a cooperative process in which a trained professional
helps a person called the client to identify sources of
difficulties .
•Together they develop ways to deal with and overcome these
problems so that person has new skills and increased
understanding of themselves and others.
Steps in Counseling process
 Relationship Building
 Problem Assessment
 Setting Goals
 Interventions
 Termination & Follow up

8. Step 1: Relationship Building :-
The first step involves building a relationship and focuses on engaging clients
to explore issue that directly affect them.
Some steps for Relationship Building for the Counselor :-
o Introduce yourself
o Invite client to sit down
o Ensure client is comfortable
o Address the client by name
o Invite social conversation to reduce anxiety
o Watch for nonverbal behaviour as signs of client’s emotional state
o Invite client to describe his or her reason for coming to talk
o Allow client time to respond.
Step 2: Problem Assessment :-
This step involves the collection of information about the client’s life situation
and their problems by asking questions.
It involves several specific skills such as :
o Observations
o Enquiry
o Recording
o Educated guesses.

9. Step 3 : Setting Goals:-
In this phase, a frame work of directions is made. It involves a set of
conditions, a course of action or an outcome.
Setting of Goals may be of Two types:
 Immediate
 Ultimate
Both Counselor and Counselee are responsible for setting goals.
Goal setting should be flexible in nature so that they may be changed
whenever new information is received.
Step 4: Interventions :-
It is a process of adaptation in which alternatives are practiced in response to
the outcome of the problem.
Step 5: Termination & Follow up:-
Termination & Follow up both are important criteria’s for a counseling
session for a counseling session.
Planning of follow up appointments should be done and termination should
also be planned over a few sessions.

11. Types of Counseling
•Directive Counseling
• Non – Directive Counseling
• Eclectic Counseling
• Directive Counseling (prescriptive counseling):-
The counselor direct the client to take steps in order to resolve his conflicts.
• Non-directive Counseling :-
The main function of the counselor is to create an atmosphere in which the
client can work out his problem.
• Eclectic Counseling :-
It is a type of counseling which is neither counselor-centered nor client
centered; but a combination of both. Here the counselor is neither too active as
in directive counseling nor too passive as in non-directive counseling, but
follows a middle course.

12. Techniques Of Counseling:-
 Problem solving technique
 Discussion technique
 Role playing technique
 Lecturers
 Case conferences
 Operant conditioning
 Problem solving technique: -
It is a creative process by which individuals evaluate changes in them and their
environment, make new choices or adjustments in harmonious manner. It
involves following steps:-
Problem identifications
↓
Gathering of data
↓
Hypothesizing the courses
↓
Decision making
↓
Implementation
↓
Follow up

13.  Discussion technique:- in a discussion, class the group focus on the common
problem, helps them extend and deepen the problem, “brings whatever
resources he may have to attack and finally helps the group recognize when the
problem has been solved as well as the further implication of the solution.”
Discussion needs competence among members of communication skills.
 Role playing technique: - it is a technique used in counseling for developing
skills and insight in an individual by acting out situations which are parallel to
real life problems. It takes the form of psychodrama or sociodrama.
 Lecturers: - lectures delivered by experts can impart counseling in an effective
way.
 Case conferences: - in this techniques, problems faced by majority are
discussed as a case. It gives experience in social thinking and has positive and
unique values in the team work.
 Operant conditioning: - it is a technique of conditioning the behavior of a
person. It is believed that if new behavior is rewarded then old behavior itself
gets ignored.

14. Difference between Health Education and Counseling
Counseling Health Education
• Confidential • Not confidential
• One to one process or a small group. • For a group of people
• Focused, specific and goal directed • Generalized
• Facilitates change in attitude and motivates
behavior change
• Information is provided to increase the knowledge
• Problem oriented • Content oriented
• Based on needs of client • Based on public health needs

15. Role of nurse in counseling :-
 Keep up to date knowledge about subject of counseling
 Keep knowledge about patient and their problems.
 Identify the various methods of problem solving.
 Develop capacity to evaluate the results of counsellor.
 Select suitable venue and prepare a positive environment.
 Acquire knowledge about different techniques of counselling.
 Select suitable technique according problem of patients and their nature.
 Follow code of ethics during counselling e.g, confidentiality, tolerance.
 Use GATHER technique.
 Use suitable facial expressions.
 Maintain right body image.
 Use simple and clear language.
 Listen carefully the problems and issues of patient.
 Use empathy[ keep yourself in the place of the patient].
 Refer if necessary If you may come across very complicated cases or if you feel
you cannot counsel such a person, the patient should be sent to much more
expert counsellor.