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a)
𝟏
𝟏∙𝟐
+
𝟏
𝟐∙𝟑
+
𝟏
𝟑∙𝟒
+ ⋯+
𝟏
𝒏(𝒏+𝟏)
=
𝒏
𝒏+𝟏
, ∀ 𝒏 ∈ 𝑵
Verificamos que la proposición es cierta para 𝑛 = 1 (base inductiva):
1
1(1 + 1)
=
1
1 + 1
→
1
2
=
1
2
Hipótesis:
La fórmula es válida para 𝑛 = 𝑘
1
1 ∙ 2
+
1
2 ∙ 3
+
1
3 ∙ 4
+ ⋯+
1
𝑘(𝑘 + 1)
=
𝑘
𝑘 + 1
Demostramos que la igualdad se cumple para un número mayor a 𝑘, es decir 𝑘 + 1:
1
1 ∙ 2
+
1
2 ∙ 3
+
1
3 ∙ 4
+ ⋯+
1
𝑘(𝑘 + 1)
+
1
(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 1 + 1)
=
𝑘 + 1
𝑘 + 1 + 1
Usamos la hipótesis:
𝑘
𝑘 + 1
+
𝑘
(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)
=
𝑘 + 1
𝑘 + 2
𝑘 (𝑘 + 2) + 1
(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)
=
𝑘 + 1
𝑘 + 2
𝑘2
+ 2𝑘 + 1
(𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)
=
𝑘 + 1
𝑘 + 2
𝑘 + 1
𝑘 + 2
=
𝑘 + 1
𝑘 + 2
Por lo tanto,
1
1∙2
+
1
2∙3
+
1
3∙4
+ ⋯+
1
𝑛(𝑛+1)
=
𝑛
𝑛+1
, ∀ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 es verdadera.
b) 𝟐𝟐𝒏−𝟏 + 𝟑𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒓 𝟓, ∀ 𝒏 ∈ 𝑵
Suponemos que es cierto para n.
Demostramos que es cierto para 𝑛 = 1
22∙1−1
+ 32∙1−1
= 21
+ 31
= 2 + 3 = 5
Hipótesis de inducción:
𝑃(𝑛) = 22(𝑛+1)−1
+ 32(𝑛+1)−𝑛
= 5𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ ℕ
Demostramos que la igualdad se cumple para un número mayor a 𝑛, es decir 𝑛 + 1:
22(𝑛+1)−1
+ 32(𝑛+1)−1
, por propiedad distributiva:
= 22𝑛+1
+ 32𝑛+1
32𝑛−1
= 5𝑘 − 22𝑛−1
2𝑛+1
= 2𝑛−1
+ 2
= 2𝑛+1
+ 32𝑛−1+2
= 22𝑛+1
+ 32𝑛−1
∙ 32
= 22𝑛+1
+ 9
= 22𝑛+1
+ 9(5𝑘 − 22𝑛−1) = 22𝑛+1
∗ 45𝑘 − 9 ∙ 22𝑛−1
= 22𝑛−1+2
+ 45𝑘 − 9 ∙ 22𝑛−1
= 22𝑛−1
∙ 22𝑛−1
∙ 22
+ 45𝑘 − 9 ∙ 22𝑛−1
= (4 − 9) ∙ 22𝑛−1
+ 45𝑘
= (−5) ∙ 22𝑛−1
+ 45𝑘 = 5(4𝑘 − 2𝑛−1)
Quedó demostrado que 22𝑛−1
+ 32𝑛−1
𝑒𝑠 𝑚ú𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 5

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  • 1. a) 𝟏 𝟏∙𝟐 + 𝟏 𝟐∙𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟑∙𝟒 + ⋯+ 𝟏 𝒏(𝒏+𝟏) = 𝒏 𝒏+𝟏 , ∀ 𝒏 ∈ 𝑵 Verificamos que la proposición es cierta para 𝑛 = 1 (base inductiva): 1 1(1 + 1) = 1 1 + 1 → 1 2 = 1 2 Hipótesis: La fórmula es válida para 𝑛 = 𝑘 1 1 ∙ 2 + 1 2 ∙ 3 + 1 3 ∙ 4 + ⋯+ 1 𝑘(𝑘 + 1) = 𝑘 𝑘 + 1 Demostramos que la igualdad se cumple para un número mayor a 𝑘, es decir 𝑘 + 1: 1 1 ∙ 2 + 1 2 ∙ 3 + 1 3 ∙ 4 + ⋯+ 1 𝑘(𝑘 + 1) + 1 (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 1 + 1) = 𝑘 + 1 𝑘 + 1 + 1 Usamos la hipótesis: 𝑘 𝑘 + 1 + 𝑘 (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) = 𝑘 + 1 𝑘 + 2 𝑘 (𝑘 + 2) + 1 (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) = 𝑘 + 1 𝑘 + 2 𝑘2 + 2𝑘 + 1 (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2) = 𝑘 + 1 𝑘 + 2 𝑘 + 1 𝑘 + 2 = 𝑘 + 1 𝑘 + 2 Por lo tanto, 1 1∙2 + 1 2∙3 + 1 3∙4 + ⋯+ 1 𝑛(𝑛+1) = 𝑛 𝑛+1 , ∀ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 es verdadera. b) 𝟐𝟐𝒏−𝟏 + 𝟑𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒓 𝟓, ∀ 𝒏 ∈ 𝑵 Suponemos que es cierto para n. Demostramos que es cierto para 𝑛 = 1 22∙1−1 + 32∙1−1 = 21 + 31 = 2 + 3 = 5 Hipótesis de inducción: 𝑃(𝑛) = 22(𝑛+1)−1 + 32(𝑛+1)−𝑛 = 5𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ ℕ Demostramos que la igualdad se cumple para un número mayor a 𝑛, es decir 𝑛 + 1: 22(𝑛+1)−1 + 32(𝑛+1)−1 , por propiedad distributiva: = 22𝑛+1 + 32𝑛+1 32𝑛−1 = 5𝑘 − 22𝑛−1
  • 2. 2𝑛+1 = 2𝑛−1 + 2 = 2𝑛+1 + 32𝑛−1+2 = 22𝑛+1 + 32𝑛−1 ∙ 32 = 22𝑛+1 + 9 = 22𝑛+1 + 9(5𝑘 − 22𝑛−1) = 22𝑛+1 ∗ 45𝑘 − 9 ∙ 22𝑛−1 = 22𝑛−1+2 + 45𝑘 − 9 ∙ 22𝑛−1 = 22𝑛−1 ∙ 22𝑛−1 ∙ 22 + 45𝑘 − 9 ∙ 22𝑛−1 = (4 − 9) ∙ 22𝑛−1 + 45𝑘 = (−5) ∙ 22𝑛−1 + 45𝑘 = 5(4𝑘 − 2𝑛−1) Quedó demostrado que 22𝑛−1 + 32𝑛−1 𝑒𝑠 𝑚ú𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 5