This topic is discussed with the help of 37 slides . I hope it it will be helpful in acquiring understanding of the concept.

1. Classification of Intelligence
Concept and Feature
Dr. RESHMA HAFEEZ

3. Classification of Intelligence

4. Vernon’s Classification

5. This category of definitions emphasizes the ADAPTIVE
nature of human beings. Intelligence is nothing but adsa-
ptation to environment.any other definition of intelligence
is superficial.According to VERNON this is the most
fundamental idea. This approach says that ,
Intelligence is the capacity to ADAPT relatively in NEW
Situation of life.
BIOLOGICAL APPROACH

6. But if we critically examine this concept we
find that many great men to whome we
could hardly deny an assessment of
exceptional intelligence have been ill
adapted in their social and physical
environment.

7. PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
Few of the definitions advanced by the experts contained
a clear commitment about the relative effect of HERIDITY
and ENVIRONMENTAL influence on the development of
Intelligence. BURT, HEBB and CATTELL are the psycholo-
gists who supported this idea.Hebb and Cattell have
distinguished TWO kinds of intelligence.

8. Intelligence A ( Fluid intelligence or Genetic intelligence )
Intelligence B ( Crystallized intelligence or Acquired inte-
lligence as a result of Experiences. )
These two are practically so indistinguishable. It is impo-
ssible to assess genetic potential uncontaminated by
the effect of training and experience and other environ-
mental influences.

9. OPERATIONAL APPROACH
Operational definitions are important to understand the
concept of intelligence in clear and definite term.Scient-
tific terms are defined not in isolate terms as in
dictionary but stating the observable conditions. For
instance , in order to determine a child’s IQ , we must
first administer a test of a specific kind.Next we observe
his performance and finally do some calculations, define
meaning of IQ.

10. Freeman’s Classification

11. Adjustment or Adaptation ability
The individual is thought intelligent in proportion to his
ability to adjust to new situation and new problems of
life.The person who is intelligent has no problem in
adjustment. Can adjust easily in an effective way , can
vary his behaviour according to the need of the situation.
A person who is less intelligent is rigid and less respo-
nsive in the social situations.The definition given byStern
comes under this category.

12. Ability to Learn
The definition of this category emphasizes the
importance of an individuals ability to LEARN.
Learning ability is the index of one’s intelligence.
BUCKINGHAM says :-
Intelligence is the ability to LEARN

13. Ability to Carryout Abstract Thinking
This category of definitions lays emphasis on effective
use of concepts and symbols in dealing with situations
specially when a problem is presented and asked to
to solve through the use of verbal and numerical
symbols. Terman says while defining intelligence.
An individual is intelligent in proportion as
he is able to carryout abstract thinking.

16. The profounder of this theory was :-
Binet
Terman
Ebbinghause
Stern
They all considered INTELLIGENCE as UNIFACTOR.

18. In 1904 SPEARMAN gave a new concept of
INTELLIGENCE that it is a combination of TWO
Factors.
G. Factor ( General Intelligence )
S. Factor ( Specific Intelligence )
G factor reflects in all mental activities. It is common
But the S factor or specific intelligence is found only
In specific activities. It varies from activity to activity
And from individual to individual. S factor is acquired.

20. After seven year of extensive studies in 1911
a new concept was given by Spearman that intelligence
Has THREE factors , the new factor is
GROUP FACTOR
In this group five other abilties are included:
1. Word ability
2. Numerical ability
3. Mechanical ability
4. Musical ability
5. Logical ability

22. This theory was advocated by THOMSON.
According to this theory intellectual
abilities belong to certain groups which are
not related to each other but there is
close relation between the abilities
belonging to the same group.

23. This means that the individual who is
intelligent in one group of knowledge may
not be intelligent in other group of
knowledge. But he may be equally intelligent
in various subjects of that very particular
group.

24. In brief we can say that the individual
has got number of mental abilities. When
individual has to perform certain type of
work, he makes SAMPLING of abilities
and sample out certain important abilities,
out of the whole world of abilities.

25. Here the individual has to select the
abilities through SAMPLING therefore
this theory is called SAMPLING Theory.
In this theory g factor is not as it was
for SPEARMAN here it is a second order
factor.

27. Intelligence is constituted by multitude
of separate factors , or elements , each
one being a minute element of ability. In
any mental act a number of these elements
operates together.

28. This theory was put forward by Thorndike.
• Intelligence is composed of many factors.
• All these factors are independent to each
other.Every task needs different abilities.
• This means a group of abilities are mani-
fested in one single task.

30. This theory is also known as theory of
mental abilities. Turnstone conducted
a number of experiments during the year
1935 – 1943 and concluded that intelligence
is composed of seven primary mental
abilities.

31. 1. Verbal Comprehension
Ability to use words in planning ,thinking
communication and involves verbal compre-
hension.
2. Numerical Ability
It is the ability to work with numbers fast
and accurately.

32. 3. Perceptual Speed
It is the ability to perceive or see small
details quickly and accurately.
4. Space Visualization
It is the ability to visualize space and
form mentally.

33. 5. Reasoning
It is the ability to see relationship in
situation described in symbols. It may be
deductive or inductive type.
6. Word Fluency
It is the ability to express in words or to
to select words of ones chice at a rapid
Speed.

34. 7. Memory
It is the ability to recall and associate prev-
iously learned item with the current task.
According to THURSTONE these abilities
are functionally independent to each other.
later he accepted that a second order G
factor is also a factor of intelligence.

36. In this theory Hierarchical importance
Is given to different mental abilities.
Burt and Vernon divided these inti two
Main classes.
1.K M ( Perceptual , Mechanical,Spatial)
2. V D ( Verbal , Number , Reasoning)