6. INTELLIGENCE
MEANING :-
Intelligence as the power of
perceiving, learning, understanding and
knowing. Oxford Dictionary
“The ability to use memory, knowledge,
experience, understanding, reasoning,
imagination and judgement in order to solve
problems and adapt to new situations.”
All Words Dictionary
7. INTELLIGENCE
DEFINITION :-
ALFRED BINET :- first psychologist who
worked on intelligence define “Intelligence
as the ability to judge well, understand well
and reason well”.
WECHSLER :- “ As the global and
aggregate capacity of an individual to think
rationally act purposefully and to deal
effectively with her/his environment”.
9. ALFRED BINET
intelligence as consisting of one similar
set of abilities called one factor theory
which can be used for solving any or
every problem in an individual’s
environment.
10. CHARLES
SPEARMAN
In 1927, Charles Spearman proposed a two-
factor theory of intelligence consisted of
a general factor (g) & special factor (s).
General factor (g)- includes mental
operation which are common to all
performance.
Special factor (s)- Other Many abilities like
Excellent Singers, architects, scientist &
athletes
11. Louis thurstone’s theory
He proposed the theory of primary mental
abilities which is consists of seven primary
abilities-
(i) Verbal Comprehension(grasping meaning
of words, concepts, and ideas)
(ii) Numerical ( numerical and
computational skills)
(iii) Spatial Relations (visualising patterns
and forms)
(iv) Perceptual (speed in perceiving details)
12. Louis thurstone’s theory
(v) Word Fluency
(vi) Memory
(vii) Inductive Reasoning (deriving
general rules from presented fact)
13. Arthur Jensen
Intelligence consisting of abilities
operating at two levels, called Level I
and Level II.
Level I is the associative learning in
which output is more or less similar to
the input.
Level II, called cognitive competence,
involves higher-order skills as they
transform the input to produce an
effective output.
14. Theory of Multiple
Intelligences
Howard Gardner proposed the theory of
multiple intelligences. According to him,
intelligence is not a single entity; rather
distinct types of intelligences exist. Each
of these intelligences are independent of
each other. he described eight types of
intelligence.
15. Theory of Multiple
Intelligences
Linguistic (skills involved in the
production and use of language) : It is
the capacity to use language fluently
and flexibly to express one’s thinking
and understand others. Persons high on
this intelligence are ‘word-smart’ poets &
writers are very strong in this component
of intelligence.
16. Theory of Multiple
Intelligences
Logical-Mathematical (skills in scientific
thinking and problem solving): Persons
high on this type of intelligence can think
logically. They engage in abstract
reasoning, and can manipulate symbols to
solve mathematical problems Scientists
and Nobel Prize winners are likely to be
strong in this component.
17. Theory of Multiple
Intelligences
Spatial (skills in forming visual
images and patterns) : It refers to the
abilities involved in forming, using, and
transforming mental image Pilots,
sailors, sculptors, painters, architects,
interior decorators, and surgeons are
likely to have highly developed spatial
intelligence s.
18. Theory of Multiple
Intelligences
Musical (sensitivity to musical
rhythms and patterns) : It is the
capacity to produce, create and
manipulate musical patterns. Persons
high on this intelligence are very
sensitive to sounds and vibrations ,and
in creating new patterns of sound.
19. Theory of Multiple
Intelligences
Bodily-Kinaesthetic (using whole or
portions of the body flexibly and
creatively) : This consists of the use of
the whole body or portions of it for
display or construction of products and
problem solving. eg. Athletes ,dancer,
sportsperson.
20. Theory of Multiple
Intelligences
Interpersonal (sensitivity to subtle
aspects of others’ behaviours) : This is
the skill of understanding the motives,
feelings and behaviours of other people
so as to bond into a comfortable
relationship with others. Psychologists,
counsellors, politicians, social workers,
and religious leaders are likely to
possess high interpersonal intelligence.
21. Theory of Multiple
Intelligences
Intrapersonal (awareness of one’s
own feelings, motives, and desires):
This refers to the knowledge of one’s
internal strengths and limitations and
using that knowledge to effectively relate
to others. Philosophers and spiritual
leaders present examples of this type of
intelligence
22. Theory of Multiple
Intelligences
Naturalistic (sensitivity to the features
of the natural world) : This involves
complete awareness of our relationship
with the natural world. Eg.farmers,
tourists, botanist.
