All about the goat's feeding. it will help in intensive rearing of goats. provide idea about total mixed ration etc.

1. Presented By:
Dr. Dharmesh Tewari
Assistant Professor
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology
Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh-224229
GOAT NUTRITION

2. Advantages of Goat Farming
Minimal space is required
Feeding needs are less
Low maintenance
Faster growth
Easy to train and handle
High prolificacy
Inexpensive to keep
Easily marketable

3. Goats are Ruminant...
Compound stomach
 Rumen
 Reticulum
 Omassum
 Abomassum
 Rumination
Adapted to forage diet
Rumen–Fermentation Vat

4. Goat Farming in India
1) Extensive system
Free range
Night shelter
Large number of population
2) Semi-intensive system
 Allowed for grazing during day time
 Housed during night
3) Intensive system/Zero grazing system
 Suitable in urban areas (scarcity of grazing land )
 Reared intensively in sheds
 Feeding and watering should be given inside the shed

5. Advantages of Zero Grazing System
 Exploitation of the system of feeding agro-industrial by products
 Close supervision and control over the animals
 Dung is collected in one place and used as a good fertilizer
 Less space is sufficient for more number of animals
 Less parasitic infestation
 Better quality and quantity byproducts
 Less environmental pollution

6. Intensive System
Breeding
Feeding
Heeding
Weeding

7. Nutrition account for 60% or more
of total production costs
 Factor on which the farmer can
act quickly and easily
 Affects the growth, lactation and
reproductive performance
 Poorly fed animals are more
susceptible to diseases
Importance of Nutrition

8. Essential Nutrients for Goat
Water
Energy
Protein
Mineral
Vitamin
Fiber

9. Water
Goats should be provided with ad-libitum
clean water.
A adult goat drinks about 400-700 ml,
water/day.
Goats have the ability to conserve water
by reducing losses in urine and faeces.
 Sensitive and reluctant to taste of water
The mean DM, free water intake ratio for
goats should be 1:1.2.
If hard water is given continuously, higher
calcium and phosphorus deficiency will
cause male infertility.

10. Energy
 Required in greatest quantity
Most limiting nutrient
Comes primarily from Carbohydrate
and fats in diet but also from excess
protein
Excess energy stored as fat in the
body
Energy expressed in the form of
TDN-Total digestible nutrient
DE-Digestible Energy
ME-Metabolizable energy
NE-Net energy

11. Too much energy in diet
 Wasteful economically
Over BCS impaired reproduction
Fatty female more prone to
pregnancy toxemia
 Feed efficiency decreases
Excess finish undesirable to
consumers
Not enough energy in diet
Reduced fertility
Reduced growth rate
Reduced milk production
Loss of body condition reserves
Less cold tolerance
Reduced resistance to disease
Risk of ketosis
Reduced nutrient absorption
Increase protein requirements in
ration

12. Protein
 Required in smaller amount than energy
More expensive feed ingredients than
energy
Amount more important than quality
Excess protein not stored, broken down
and used as energy
Some excess protein may be beneficial if
parasites burdens excessive
Protein is expressed in
CP- Crude protein
DP- Digestible protein
MP- Metabolizable protein
RDP and UDP (Bypass protein)

13. Bypass protein
In high producing animal it
is recommended that 25-35 %
of protein be Bypass protein
20-30% of protein in fresh
high quality forage is bypass
protein
Supplementing with bypass
protein may improve
productivity and/or increase
resistance to internal
parasites
Bypass protein sources
Low
Soybean protein
Medium
Cottonseed meal
Dehydrated alfaalfa,
distiller’s grain
High
Corn gluten meal, Fish meal

14. Too much protein
Expensive and inefficient
source of energy
Risk of pizzle rot in males
Can cause metabolic
harm
 Environmental pollution
Not enough protein
Impaired production
Reduced growth rate
Reduced milk production
Decreased resistance to
disease
Reduced rumen function
Reduced hoof and horn
growth
Reduced nutrient absorption

15. Micronutrients
Vitamins
Fat soluble
A, D, E K
Water soluble
B complex, C
Minerals
Macrominerals
Ca, P, k, Mg, Na, Cl and S
Microminerals
Co, Cu, F, Fe, I, Mn, Mo, Se and
Zn

16. Nutrient Requirements
Genetics
Size
Age
Stage of production
Environment
Body condition

20.  Babool
Cactus
Eucalyptus
Ber
 Mulberry
 Subabool
Browses are considered to have high nutritional
value compared to pasture grasses and crop
residues.
Nearly 22% Crude protein
Higher concentrations of ash (minerals),
less fiber and
remain nutritious during the dry season
antinutritional factors such as tannins, nitrates,
oxalates, sinogens, saponins, mimosine
nutrient-rich leguminous and
non-leguminous pastures/forages and fodder crops
FEED INGREDIENTS

21. cassava peels,
vegetables,
fruit by-products,
grape seed pulp,
starch industry by-
products,
dairy industry by-products,
oliveby-products
Soybean hulls,
wheat middling
corn gluten feed
dried distillers
grains,
corn cobs,
potato peels,

22. Probiotics
Prebiotics
Phytogenics
Essential oil
Exogenous enzyme
Organic acids
Antioxidants

23. Goat Dietary Composition and
Feeding Aspects
Optimal ratio of 40% roughage to 60% concentrate
adlibitum green forage with a concentrate admixture of
300 g
Continuous supplementation of goats with proteins
especially in goats consuming low-quality forages
Creep grazing or grazing with high quality, nutritious
forage or concentrate supplements
Feeding soybean or flaxseed oils 15-20 ml/day to
lactating

25. Colostrum Feeding
Colostrums should be fed within half
an hour to ensure immunity
Continue for 3 to 4 days
It contains vitamins , antibodies
calcium ,phosphorus, protein and
minerals
It provides immunity to young one

26. Milk feeding
Milk feeding should be given @1/6th of
their body wt for 30 days
Next four weeks reduced to 1/6th of
body wt
Third month 1/10th to 1/15th of their
body wt

27. Substitute For Colostrum
If colostrum is not available
Cow milk(boiled)250ml
Boiled water 100ml
Wiped egg 1 no.
Vitamin A(fish oil ) 1 teaspoon
Castor oil 0.5teaspoon
Antibiotic 10,000 IU
Feed the kids twice or thrice in a day

30. 5-6 Kg green fodder of leguminous and cereal fodder
(Lucerne ,Shesbania, Hedge Lucerne ,Maize ,sorghum, Hybrid Napier , Marvel
,Hadaga,shevaga, leucanea lucacephala )
1kg Dry fodder
200-300 gm. Concentrate feed .
20 gm. Mineral mixture
Per adult goat per day
Adlib drinking water for 24 hrs.

37. Ingredients Parts
Deoiled grondnut cake 12
Horse gram 30
Wheat/maize/ jowar(grain) 30
Rice polish/wheat bran 15
Dried unsalted fish 10
Min.mixure 1.5
Common salt 1.5
Vit AB2D3 25g/100kg of feed mixture

38. Goats have higher maintenance
requirement than sheep
Dairy goats have higher
maintenance requirement than
meat and fiber goats
Female with genetic potential of
higher milk production have
higher nutritional requirement.

39. Bigger goats need to eat more
Smaller goats need a more
nutrient dense diet
Mature females need to eat more.
Young females need more
nutrient dense diet

40. Energy requirements during
late gestation are more than
50% higher than maintenance
Protein requirements don’t
increase until lactation
Calcium requirements are
highest during late gestation
Phosphorus requirements are
highest during lactation

41. Smaller kids need to consume a
more nutrient dense diet
Bigger kids need to consume more
quantity of nutrients
Dairy goat buck don’t need to eat
as much as Boer bucks, but diets
need to be more energy dense
Boer buck need to eat the most,
so need not be energy dense
Type % TDN % CP
Dairy 87.7 14.4
Boer 66.3 15.1
Indigenous 67.0 13.0

42. Boer bucks have higher
requirements for protein
Local breed goats have lower
requirements for protein than
improved breeds
Dairy goat buck don’t need
to eat as much as Boer bucks,
but diets need to be more
energy dense
Boer buck need to eat the
most, so need not be energy
dense
Type % TDN % CP
Doelings, wether 65.8 15.9
Intact male 66.3 14.5

43. The more you feed a
goat it will gain
Better performance
require both more feed
and better quality feed.
Higher TDN and CP%
The bigger question is :
is better performance
economical ?

44. THANKS