Ca & P is an important mineral for animals. its deficiency causes many diseases in animals.

1. Calcium & Phosphorous
Dr. Dharmesh Tewari
Assistant Professor
Acharya Narendra Deva University of
Agriculture & Technology
Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh-224229

2. Metabolism
01
How these minerals are
excreted and absorbed
Functions
02
Roles these Minerals play in the
animal body
Deficiency
03
Disease caused by the deficiency
of Calcium and Phosphorus
Toxicity
04
Disease caused by the
redundancy of Calcium and
phosphorous
Table of contents

3. Calcium
Calcium was named after the Latin term calx
meaning lime, and is a reactive silvery
metallic element found in Group 2 of the
periodic table and has an atomic number of
20. It was first isolated in 1808 in England
when Sir Humphry Davy electrolyzed a
mixture of lime and mercuric oxide.

4. Chief cells of
Parathyroid gland
Hypocalcemia
Release of PTH
Osteoclastic
Activity and Ca
reabsorption in
the KIdney
Hypercalcemia
Inhibition
Parafollicular cells
Hypercalcemia
Release of
Calcitonin
Osteoblastic
activity
Hypocalcemia
Inhibition
Regulation of Calcium by Parathyroid Gland

5. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
25-hydroxycholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol
7-Dehydrocholesterol
Vitamin D activation

6. Functions of calcium
● The phosphates of Ca2+ are the major
minerals in bones, which protect internal
organs and provide structural integrity to
the body.
● The formation of calcium carbonate from
Ca2+ and carbonate in the process of
biomineralization is essential for eggshell
production in laying birds.

7. Functions of calcium
● Many enzymes and proteins require Ca2+ for
their biological activities For example, in some
blood-clotting proteins, Ca2+ is bound to
residues of γ-carboxyglutamic acid, where this
metal is required for their functions.
Furthermore, as a cofactor of protein kinase C in
different cell types, Ca2+ participates in signal
transduction pathways(serving as a second
messenger) in response to extracellular signals
(e.g., hormones and neurotransmitters).
● Finally, Ca2+ is essential for skeletal muscle
contractions, heartbeats, nerve transmission,

8. Deficiency Disease
of
Calcium

9. Eclampsia
Also referred to as hypocalcemia
or puerperal tetany, is an
emergency medical condition
associated with a life-threatening
drop in blood calcium levels that
occurs in nursing mothers.
Eclampsia most commonly
occurs when the puppies are one
to four weeks of age and the
mother is producing the most
milk. It can also occur before
giving birth.

10. Milk Fever
Milk fever, postparturient
hypocalcemia, or parturient
paresis is a disease, primarily in
dairy cattle but also seen in
beef cattle and non-bovine
domesticated animals,
characterized by reduced blood
calcium levels (hypocalcemia).
It occurs following parturition,
at onset of lactation, when
demand for calcium for
colostrum and milk production
exceeds the body's ability to
mobilize calcium

11. Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis causes bones
to become weak and
brittle so brittle that a fall
or even mild stresses such
as bending over or
coughing can cause a
fracture. Osteoporosis-
related fractures most
commonly occur in the hip,
wrist or spine.

12. Calcium Toxicity
Magnesium Deficiency
Heart Arrhythmia Paralysis

13. Phosphorous
Phosphorus was first Isolated by Hennig
Brandt in Hamburg in Germany in 1669. When
he evaporated urine and heated the residue
until it was red hot. Glowing phosphorus
vapour came off and he condensed it under
water.

14. Regulation of Phosphorous
Parathyroid
Hormone
Loop Of
Henley
Decreased
reabsorption
of PO4

15. Deficiency
Disease
of
Phosphorous

16. Pica
Pica’ or depraved
appetite has been noted
in cattle when there is
deficiency of phosphorus
in their diet; the affected
animals have abnormal
appetites and chew
wood, bones, rags and
other foreign materials.”

17. Functions of Phosphorous
• Phosphorus is a component of bones, teeth,
DNA, and RNA . In the form of phospholipids,
phosphorus is also a component of cell
membrane structure and of the body’s key
energy source, ATP.
• Many proteins and sugars in the body are
phosphorylated. In addition, phosphorus plays
key roles in regulation of gene transcription,
activation of enzymes, maintenance of normal
pH in extracellular fluid, and intracellular energy
storage.
•

18. Functions of Phosphorous
• Phosphorus and calcium are interrelated
because hormones, such as vitamin D and
parathyroid hormone (PTH), regulate the
metabolism of both minerals. In addition,
phosphorus and calcium make up
hydroxyapatite, the main structural
component in bones and tooth enamel

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