Animal nutrition

1. Feeding of Small Ruminants
(Sheep and Goat)
Karnataka Veterinary Animal & fishery Sciences
University, Bidar
Ravindra B. D.
Assistant Professor Department of
Animal Nutrition

2. Introduction
 Small ruminants are the moving bank and means of
investment for many marginal and small farmers.
 The annual growth rate rates of 3.5% for goats and 2.0%for
sheep are higher than for buffaloes and cattle.

4. Introduction
 Small ruminants are the moving bank and means of
investment for many marginal and small farmers.
The annual growth rate rates of 3.5% for goats and 2.0%for
sheep are higher than for buffaloes and cattle.

5. Fatinoil
(till 8-10kg BW in kid and 10-12kg BW in lamb)

6. Feeding kids/Lambs
 Growth rate : Faster in lams than kids
-Sheep – 100-150g /day Growth rate:120g/d
-Goat Growth rate:100g/d
 Small breed - 60-80g/day
 Large breeds - 90-110g/day
 If leguminous fodder is available
 Reduce concentrate by 50% with ad-lib fodder
Quality DCP% TDN% ME Mcal/Kg
feed
Used with
High 18 75 2.9 Grass and cereal
fodders
Low 12-14 70 2.2 Leguminous
fodder

7. Feeding growers(3-6month age)
Feeding concentrate in intensive feeding system(g/d)
Body weight(Kg) With good quality
fodder
With low quality
fodder
10-15 50 300
16-25 100 400
25-35 150 600
Semi-intensive(4-6hr grazing): 50% of the intensive
 Extensive (8-12hr grazing): 25% of the intensive

8. Feeding adult Sheep and Goat
Feeding adult sheep/Goat in intensive feeding
Fodder Concentrate(g/d)
DCP-12%
Maintenance type
of fodder
Adlib 100
Leguminous fodder Adlib --
Low quality fodder
(straw)
Adlib 400
Quality of concentrate: CP%=12-14%, DCP=6-8%, TDN=65%
6-8hr grazing with 2-2.5% DMI take care of maintenance requirement
20-30g gain or loss (periodically)- considered as maintenance ration

9. Flushing in Goat and Seep
 Increasing nutrient supply prier (2-3week) to and during
breeding season.
 Objectives - Increased ovulation rate(5-10%)/lambing rate
25% more nutrient above the maintenance

10. Feeding during gestation period
 Maintenance + 25% of maintenance during first two
trimester
 Maintenance + 50% of maintenance during last two
trimester
 Aim : Avg. weight gain of 100-150g/day, indicates receiving
adequate nutrient

11. Feeding during lactation period
Ewe
 DMI may increased to 4%
 Weight loss during lactation is common
 It is economically important to supplement more of energy
rather than protein
 If we fed with adequate protein, mobilization of body fat to
milk efficiency increases from 60% to 80%
 First 2 month of lactation : 2 times of the maintenance
Later phage : 1.5 times of the maintenance

12. Individual nutrient in sheep
 Protein:
Microbial protein not enough for genetic potential
exploitation
Bypass protein can be an alternative
Limiting amino acid : First-Methionine followed by lysine
and threonine
Cystine can replace some extent methonine
 Fat: 3-7% of the ration
 Salt: 0.5% of the ration or 1% of the concentrate
• Consume more salt per unit BW than cattle

13. Feeding for wool production
 Wool : Mainly protein
 Rich in Cystine and Serine
 Wool production : Needs Methionine and cystine (additionally)
Microbial protein not enough for genetic potential
exploitation
Bypass protein can be an alternative
Limiting amino acid : First-Methionine followed by lysine
and threonine
Cystine can replace some extent methionine

14. Metabolic disorder in sheep/goat
Enterotoxaemia:
– Overeating disease/pulpy kidny disease
– Affect both sheep and Goat
– Per acute form with sudden death is common in kids
 Pathogen: Clostridium perfringens (type –A, B, C and D):
– Soil and intestinal tract-Natural in habitat
 Proliferate when-
– High milk feeding
– High grain diet/ kitchen waste/bakery waste
– Feeds reduce peristaltic movement

15. Metabolic disorder in sheep/goat
Enterotoxaemia:
Prevention
– Increase frequency of feeding(milk and concentrate)
– Gradual introduction of new grain and forages
– Vaccination during pregnancy
– Per acute form with sudden death is common in kids

16. Metabolic disorder in sheep/goat
Polio encephaloamalacia (PEM), Cerebrocortical necrosis(CCN):
Prevention
– Increase frequency of feeding(milk and concentrate)

17. Advances and Developments in Animal Nutrition. Usha Rani Mehra, Putan Singh,
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Niango,A.J., H.E.Amos. M.A.Froetschel, and C.M.Keery (1991). Dietary fat protein
degradability, and calving season: effects on nutrient use and performance of early lactation
cows. J. Dairy Sci.,74:2243-2255.
Palmquist,D.L., and T.C, Jenkins (1980). Fat in lactation rations. Review, J. Dairy Sci.,
71:3302.
Chore, N. S., Chavan, S. D., Shelke, R. R. and Nage, S. P. (2017). Effect of formaldehyde
treated concentrate, urea and soybean meal on proximate analysis and feed intake in lactating
cows. Asian J. Animal Sci.,12(1): 22-28.
P. K. Naik. Bypass Fat in Dairy Ration - A Review. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology
(2013) 13 : 147-163.
Mayank Tandon, R.A. Siddique and Tanuj Ambwani. 2008. Role of bypass proteins in
Ruminant production. Dairy Planner. Vol.4, Issue 10, (May). pp: 11-14.
REFERENCES