3. Lesson goal
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At the end of this lesson you should be able to
List all 3 energy systems
Give a basic description on how they work
4. Adenosine Triphosphate
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Our body stores energy in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
ATP made up of 1 Adenosine molecule and 3 phosphate molecules
Is where TRIphosphate comes from
5. Energy
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Our body requires energy, this energy comes from the breakdown of
ATP in our cells.
Breakdown of ATP = Energy = Movement
All energy for cellular activity comes from ATP
6. ATP
Adenosine P P P = AT
P
Adenosine P P P = Adenosine P P Energ
y
P
Adenosine P P = Adenosine Diphosphate
(ADP)
Energy is released when
the Phosphate bond is
broken.
7. How ATP is generated
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Our cells can’t get energy directly from food
Needs to be stored as a useable form of energy ATP
The food we eat contains energy (kilojoules)
This energy is used to produce ATP molecules
Energy is stored in ATP like a battery
8. ATP is like a battery for the body
Is broken down
to
Glucose
Fatty acids
Amino
Acids
Energy released
from breakdown
o f g lu co s e is
stored in an ATP
Molecule
AT
P
Body uses
ATP
when it
needs to
Continuously recharging the
battery
9. Nutrients
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3types of nutrients we can get energy from
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats
We digest these nutrients to convert them to other forms so we can used
them to generate ATP
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-
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Glucose
Amino
Acids
ATP
AT
P
- Fats Fatty
acids
AT
P
10. True or false
Glucose is the only useable form of energy our body can use.
False!
ATP is the only useable form of energy
11. Energy Systems
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ATP is generated through 3 different energy systems
The energy system the body generates it through depends on the intensity
and the duration of the exercise being performed
ATP-PC system = very quick explosive exercise
Lactic Acid system = Moderately intense exercise lasting (stable) several
minutes
Aerobic system = Long duration exercise
12. •
ATP – PC – Adenosine triphosphate & phosphocreatine
This energy system provides immediate energy through the breakdown of
these stored high energy phosphates.
13. Anaerobic and Aerobic
An anaerobic energy system is one that does not require oxygen to generate ATP
An aerobic energy system is one that does require oxygen to generate ATP
14. ATP - PC system
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Is an anaerobic energy system
Used for explosive exercises lasting (stable) 8-10 seconds
Generates ATP very quickly but only limited supply (runs out quickly)
The most ineff i
cient (ineffective) energy system
15. ATP - PC system- How it works
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ATP is stored in the muscles and liver for quick access (can enter)
ATP stores run out in 2-3 seconds
When you move ATP is broken down to ADP +P to generate energy for the body
to use.
When the Phosphate is split (divide) that’s where the energy comes from
ATP stores in the muscle run out very quickly therefore we must generate more
VERY useful for quick explosive exercises, generates ATP very quickly but also
runs out quickly
16. ATP - PC system- How it works
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Phosphate creatine (PC) is another compound stored in the muscle
Is broken down to P+C to release energy for ADP to combine with the extra
Phosphate
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However PC stores also run out quickly and that is why ATP-PC system only
lasts for 10 seconds
PC stores back to 98% after 3 minutes of rest
PC P C Energ
y
ADP P Energ
y
ATP
17. When is the ATP-PC system used?
• When is the ATP-PC system the main energy system used?
Heavy Weight lifting 100m sprint
18. ATP - PC recap
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Phosphate creatine (PC) is broken down, breaking it down releases energy
that is used to form ATP from ADP and P + energy
PC stores only last approximately 10 seconds
Therefore used for short exercises (100m sprint)
Generates ATP very quickly
19. Lactic acid energy system
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Also known as the Anaerobic energy system
Breaks down glucose and glycogen to form ATP
Generating ATP through this energy system also produces lactic acid
Lactic acid causes our body to fatigue
Therefore can only be used for exercises lasting (stable) 2-3 minutes
Lactic build up makes muscles feel heavy and tired
20. Lactic acid energy system - How it works
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When the muscles run out of PC stores must generate ATP another way – lactic
acid energy system
Body breaks down glucose or glycogen to generate ATP through a process
called Anaerobic glycolysis or just glycolysis
If oxygen is not present the body will also produce lactic acid in the process
1 molecule of glucose will produce 2 molecules of ATP
1 molecule of glycogen will produce 3 molecules of ATP
Glycogen is stored in the muscles and liver
21. True or false?
The ATP-PC system can only be used once every 30 minutes.
False!
The ATP-PC system is able to almost fully restore
itself in 3 minutes.
22. Lactic acid energy system
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When is it predominately used?
Intense exercises lasting 2-3 minutes
400-800m run
Many team sports - Netball, football
ect
23. Aerobic energy system
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Most eff i
cient energy system – also slowest
Can only generate ATP in the presence of oxygen
Is used for long distance events or exercises lasting longer than 5
minutes
24. Aerobic energy system - How it works
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Begins the same way the lactic acid energy system does- breakdown of
glucose and glycogen
If oxygen IS present lactic acid will not be produced and instead more ATP is
formed through Aerobic glycolysis
Generates ATP much slower than Anaerobic glycolysis and even more slower
than ATP-PC system therefore is used for low intensity/long duration exercise.
With oxygen 1 glucose molecule generates 36 molecules of ATP
1 glycogen molecule generates 37 molecules of ATP
Fatty acids are broken down to produce 129 ATP
25. Aerobic system - When is it used
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When is it used?
Continuous exercise lasting longer than 5 minutes
MarathonLong distance cycling
26. Quick quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Which energy system is the quickest?
Which energy system is the most eff i
cient?
If I was running a 800m what energy system would I predominately use?
True or false – Sitting down would use the aerobic energy system
What are carbs, fats and proteins broken down to when they f i
rst enter the
body?
29. Using multiple energy systems
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An exercise can use more than one energy system – Many exercises do
For example a swimmer diving off the blocks to swim 1500m will initially use
the ATP-PC system to dive off the blocks quickly but thenswitch (change) to
the aerobic energy system to swim 1500m
A football player will use the ATP-PC system to have a quick run or make a
tackle, but then switch to aerobic when high intensity movement is not
required.
30. Advantages & disadvantages
What are some advantages and disadvantages of each energy
system?
ATP-
PC
Advantages Advantage
s
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Eff i
cient
Produces a lot of ATP
Can be used for a long
time
Lactic acid Aerobic
Advantages
Disadvantag
es
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Slowest energy
system
Cant be used for
intense
exercise
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Produces moderate
amount
of ATP
Can be used for longer
than ATP-CP system
Does not require oxygen
Disadvantag
es
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Produces lactic acid
(causes fatigue)
Can only be used for around
3 mins
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Fastest energy system
Can be used for very
powerful movements
Does not require oxygen
Disadvantag
es
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Very limited duration
Most ineff i
cient
energy
system
31. Softball
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What energy systems would softball use and when would we use
each one?
ATP-CP
When we are batting
When we are throwing
When we run to each base
Lactic acid
Running to retrieve ball f i
elding
Home run
Aerobic
Standing in the field
Retrieve – Come back for fielding
