2. What is energy?
• Power that may be translated into motion, overcoming resistance or causing a physical change;
the ability to do work.
• https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/energy
• The first law of thermodynamics energy cannot be created nor destroyed. However it can be
transferred from one location to another and can be converted into and from different forms of
energy.
• There are 5 main reasons that we need energy for:
1. Basal metabolism- the minimum amount of energy that we need to keep alive when resting.
2. Body composition- is a persons measurement of fat mass and fat free mass.
3. Digestion and absorption- this uses up to 5 to 10 percent of the daily energy of the body.
4. Physical energy- this is external functions that need to use energy.
5. Mental energy- your brain needs a constant supply of energy to maintain support for your
body.
3. Where do we get energy from?
• Energy comes from the sun but as humans we mainly get energy from
the food we eat. The food we eat is grown because of the sun light
meaning that part of our energy intake is from the sun light directly.
This energy allows us to play football and do our everyday bodily
functions.
4. ATP
• ATP is adenosine triphosphate is a molecule that carries energy within
cells. It is the main energy currency of the cell. Every single living
thing uses ATP.
• It is made up of the molecule adenosine and three phosphate
groups.
5. The energy systems
• The sun light shines o the grass and tat allows it to grow. Then
animals or humans eat the plants which give them energy. Humans
can get direct energy from the grass or the meat from the animals
that eat the grass. This energy allows us to play football
6. ATP-PC System
• ATP-PC consists of adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine.
• The ATP is broken down for muscle contractions. Phosphocreatine is
then broken down by the enzyme creatine kinase.
• ATP-PC only last a few seconds after that the breakdown of PC
breakdown and lasts another 5-8 seconds.
• Weightlifting
• One or two repetitions of the heaviest weight.
7. Lactic Acid System
• This system is a anaerobic energy system, it also uses carbohydrates
as its only source of fuel. This system produces ATP at a fast rate and
can produce a lot of ATP.
• A lot of ATP gets produced because of this system and it is produced
at a very fast rate. It produces 2 ATP for each glucose molecule it
breaks down, however it produces lactic acid as well.
• Sports like the 200m or the 400m are sports that use this system.
• When the glycogen is broken down then it has recovered. Up to 2
days.
8. Aerobic Energy System
• The aerobic system utilises fats, carbohydrates and proteins for ATP
energy use. This system produces more ATP than any other system
but it produces it at a slow rate.
• Stored glycogen is converted into glucose which is then broken down
by a series of enzymes. 2 ATP are used to fuel glycolysis and 4 are
created so the body gains 2 ATP to use for muscular contraction.
• Interval training, continuous training and fartlek training.
9. 100 metre race
During the beginning of the race the main energy system used will be ATP-PC
as that only last for short periods of time and that is when you will be using
the majority of your short burst energy. During the middle of the race the
aerobic system will come into action as that allows the runner to run with
longer lasting energy. In the final part of the race then the system will be the
lactic acid system as that is when the runner is running out of glucose and
has to dig into the glycogen stores to get enrgy.
10. 1500 metre race
For this race then the first energy system will be them ATP-PC system
because that is when you need a little burst of energy to put you in
front of some of the other runners. During the majority of the race
the runner will be using the aerobic system as the race is longer so
the runner will need a system that gives long lasting energy and a lot
of it. In the final region of the race then the runner will be suing the
lactic acid system because that is when the runner has got low
energy levels and needs something to get him or her to the finish
line by going in to the glycogen stores and making it in to glucose for
it to be broken down into ATP.
11. References and Bibliography
• https://www.ptdirect.com/training-design/anatomy-and-
physiology/the-aerobic-system
• https://www.brianmac.co.uk/lactic.htm
