energy in sport powerpoint

1. ENERGY!
•Energy is the capacity of a physical system to do work. It also
cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.
(whatis.techtarget.com/definition/energy)
•In a closed system energy cannot be gained or lost, although
during sporting activities it may seem like it has been lost but
in fact it has changed form into another type of energy.
(http://www.topendsports.com/biometrics/energy.htm

2. ATP
• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is “the body’s energy currency”
• An ATP molecule consists of ‘adenosine’ and 3 (tri) ‘inorganic phosphate’
ATP is produced in the body’s cells and it is used to power almost all of your activities
such as: growth and development, repair, muscle contraction and the transport of
various substances between cells.
• When water is added to ATP it forms adenosine diphosphate (ADP this means
there is only 2 inorganic phosphate groups), when water is added the last
phosphate group splits away, breaking the bond releasing energy, forming ADP.

3. The 3 Energy Systems
• The ATP-PCr System – the immediate energy system (Creatine
Phosphate System)
• The Glycolytic system – the short term energy system (Lactic
acid energy system)
• The Oxidative System – the long term energy system (Aerobic
energy system)

4. The ATP-PCr System
• This is the quickest access to energy, as it is available without the presence of
oxygen, this form of energy is stored in the muscle, therefore it’s available in an
instance.
• ADP + PCr = ATP +Cr (adenosine diphosphate + creatine phosphate = adenosine
triphosphate + creatine)
• During the first 5 seconds of exercise regardless of the intensity the ATP-PCr is
relied on almost exclusively, however the ATP concentration only lasts a few
seconds with PCr buffering the drop in ATP for another 5-8 seconds, combined the
ATP-PCr system can sustain all-out exercise for 3-15 seconds. (http://www.sport-
finess-advisor.com/energysytems.html)

5. The Glycolytic System
• This system takes longer to be available, because it uses glycogen, which is stored
in the liver and muscles, yet this system is used for higher intensity and for a
longer period of time. This system also is made without the presence of oxygen,
this is also used at the beginning of exercise when the intensity is higher than the
aerobic capacity. Although if after you have used all of this up if you just stand still
then it can take up to 8 minutes to fully recover, whereas if you jog/ walk then you
should be able to recover in around 4-5 minutes.
Glycogen or
glucose
Glycolysis Pyruvic acid Reduction (gain H+) Lactic acid

6. The Oxidative System
• This is the only system that requires oxygen. This system is required for exercise over a minute, it is
used for lower intensity exercise. The oxidative system is made over long periods of time.
• The oxidative system consists of 4 processes to produce ATP:
• Slow glycolysis –This is exactly the exact same series of reactions as fast glycolysis, the difference is that the end
product pyruvic acid is converted into a substance called ‘acetyl coenzyme A’ instead of lactic acid
• Kerb’s cycle – This cycle is a complex series of chemical reactions that continue the oxidation of glucose which
was started during glycolysis. Acetyl coenzyme A enters the kerbs cycle and is broken down into CO2 and hydrogen
allowing two more ATPs to be formed
• Electron transport – Hydrogen is carried to the electron transport chain, here it combines with oxygen to from
water this prevents acidification
• Beta oxidation – Lipolysis is the term used to describe the breakdown of fat into the more basic units of glycerol
and free fatty acids. Before these fatty acids can enter the kerbs cycle they must undergo a process of beat
oxidation, which is a series of reations to further reduce free fatty acids to Acetyl coenzyme A and hydrogen.
Glycogen or
glucose
Glycolysis Pyruvic acid Reduction (gain H+) Lactic acid
Kerb’scycle
Oxygen + ADP ATP + carbon dioxide + water