Biopharming & Edible Vaccine

1. Presented By-
Deedarul Hyder Sani
Reg. No. – 2014431001
Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology
Shahjalal University Of Science and Technology
Biopharming and Edible Vaccine Production

2. Biopharming
Production of pharmaceuticals in transgenic organisms.
Combination of agriculture and pharmaceutical industries.
Animals Plants
Pharmaceuticals

3. Biopharming Milestones
Biopharming
1989
First plant-
made Antibody
1986
Human Growth
Hormone
1992
Hepatitis B
Vaccine
2006
Commercialized Plant-
made antibody
2003
Commercialization
Trypzean
1995
Oral Vaccine
2006
Plant-made
Vaccine
(USDA)
1997
Commercialization
Avidin

4. Why to Choose Plants for Biopharming?
Therapeutic
Products
Nutritional
Components
Biodegradable
Plastics
Vaccine
Antigens
Industrial
Products

5. Why do we need Biopharming?
Replacement of very expensive
Bioreactor
Expression of expensive molecules
in plants
Ease of extracting the desired
product

6. Gene
Construct
Introduction into
vectors
Plant Transformation
Plant Regeneration
Selection of
producers
Protein
characterization
Downstream processing
Pre-clinical & clinical trials
Mechanism of Biopharming

7. Applications of Biopharming
Parental therapeutics
and pharmaceutical
intermediates
Industrial proteins and
enzymes
Monoclonal antibodies
Biopolymers Antigens for edible
vaccines
Plantibodies

8. Edible Vaccine- A Biopharming Dream
Agrobacterium tumefaciens + Antigenic gene
Exposure of plant explant to bacterial
suspension carrying antigenic gene
Selection of transformants
Callus formation
Plant regeneration
Edible plant tissue as Vaccine
Antigenic gene expressed in
edible portion
Ingestion helps release the
antigenic protein
Stimulate both humoral &
mucosal immunity

9. History of Edible vaccines
Mason et al 1992 Haq et al 1995 McGarvey et al 1995 Mason et al 1996 Hein et al 1996 ….
Hepatitis
Hepatitis B
surface antigen
(HBsAg)
Tobacco/leaf
Norwalk virus
(NV)
Gastroenteritis
Norwalk virus
capsid protein
(NVCP)
Potato/tuber
tobacco/leaf
Rabies virus
Rabies
Rabies virus
glycoprotein
(RVG)
Tomato/leaf,
fruit
V. Cholerae
Cholera
Cholera toxin
B subunit
(CTB)
Tobacco/leaf
E. Coli
Diarrhea
Heat labile
toxin B subunit
(LTB)
Potato/tuber,
tobacco/
leaf

10. Ideal Properties of Edible Vaccine
EDIBLE
VACCINES
Nontoxic or
nonpathogenic
very low levels
of side effects
Not cause
problems in
individuals
with impaired
immune
systemLong lasting humoral
and cellular immunities
Vaccination
should be
simple
Not
contaminate
the
environment
Should be
effective in
affordable

11. 11
Candidates for Edible Vaccine

12. Potato :
Advantage
Easily transformed.
Easily propagated.
Stored for long periods without
refrigeration.
Disadvantage
Need cooking which denature antigen.
Banana
Advantages
Do not need cooking.
Protein not destroyed even after cooking.
Inexpensive .
Grown widely in developing countries.
Disadvantages
Trees take 2-3 to mature years.
Spoils rapidly after ripening.
Paddy :
Advantages
Commonly used in baby food.
High expression of antigen.
Disadvantages
Grows slowly.
Requires glasshouse condition.
Tomato
Advantage
Grow quickly.
Cultivate broadly.
High content Vitamin-A may boost
immune response.
Disadvantages
Spoils readily.
Plant Species Selection Criteria

13. Mechanism of Protection by Edible Vaccine

14. FACTORS
AFFECTING
EDIBLE
VACCINES
Economic feasibility
Stability of vaccine
Choice of plant species
Delivery and dosing issues
Safety issues
Public perceptions and attitudes to
genetic modification
Quality control and licensing
Factors affecting Efficacy of Edible Vaccine

15. • Mass production of
vaccines with low cost.
• Ease of separation &
purification.
• Ease of administration.
• Low chances of infection.
• Eliminate trained medical
Personnel.
• No adjuvant is required.
• Extensive storage.
• Inconsistency of
dosage.
• Food supply
contamination.
• Uncertain stability of
vaccine.
• Environment
contamination.
• Health safety
concerns.
Disadvantages and Advantages

16. References-
• Charmi P et al, A Better Way For Immunization, Int J Curr Pharm Res,3(1):53-56
• Hafiz Esmael et al, Review on Edible Vaccine, Acad. J. Nutri, 4 (1): 40-49, 2015.
• Vyas et al, Edible Vaccines: A New Approach to Oral Immunization Ind.J. Biotech.,(7): 283-
294, 2008.
• Sambasiva Rao et al, Green Revolution Vaccines, Edible Vaccines, Afri. J.Biotech. 2(12), 679-
683, 2003.
• Swarnali Dasa et al, advances In Vaccination: A Review, Int.J. App.Pharm, 1(1), 1-21 2009.
• Akhilesh e al, Edible Vaccines: Let Thy Food Be Thy Medicine, Int.J. Pharmacolo Screen. 4(2):
105-108, 2014.
• Waghulkar e al, Fruit Derived Edible Vaccines: Natural Way for the Vaccination, Int.
J.Pharmtech Res.2 (3):2010, 2124-2127.
• Madhumita Naithani et al, Edible Vaccines-A Review, Inter. J. Of Pharmacotherapy, 4(1): 2014,
58-61.
• Chaitanya et al, Edible Vaccines, J. Med.1 (1):2006, 33-34.
• Jacob et al, Edible-Vaccines-Against-Veterinary-Parasitic-Diseases—Current-Status-And-
Future-Prospects, vaccines, 31:2013, 1879_1885

17. Thank you !! 