Why Campus assaults are a universities worst nightmare? •Students become victims and secondary victims •Threat to reputation and ranking •Academic performance decreases •Expensive lawsuits •Downfall in admissions due to perceived unsafe campus environment

1. Gender Based Violenceon Campus
Why must Educational Institutes
striveto createsafer campuses?

2. Why Campusassaultsareauniversitiesworst
nightmare?
 Students become victims and secondary
victims
 Threat to reputation and ranking
 Academic performance decreases
 Expensive lawsuits
 Downfall in admissions due to perceived
unsafe campus environment

3. What isthispresentation about?
1. What is gender based violence
2. The realities of GBV & crime
3. Impacts of GBV on students & campus
4. Vulnerability of students & under
reporting of GBV
5. How to create a safer campus?
6. How can I help?

4. What isgender based
violence
1

5. What isgender based violence?
Gender-based violence (GBV) is any form of
deliberate physical, psychological or sexual
harm or threat of harm directed against a
person on the basis of their gender.
GBV that involves physical violence could lead to a physical injury, from a
simple wound to loss of body parts and even death.
Resource: Open Learn Lap Space http://labspace.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=450519&section=1.4

6. General crimesthat wecomeacrossin everyday
life
 Assault
 Sexual assault
 Theft
 Auto theft
 Cyber crime
 Identity theft /
financial
exploitation
 Other crime

7. Therealitiesof
GBV & crime
2

8. Therealitiesof crime
 Men are more likely to be a victim of a violent crime than
women.
 Women are more likely to be victims of domestic violence.
 College students experience high rates of violent
victimization – approximately 5% of college women
experience a sexual victimization each year.
 Unlike many other crimes, “new” crimes like cybercrime are
on the rise.
2010 Gallup Poll; Truman & Planty, 2012; Baum & Klaus, 2005; Fisher, Cullen, & Turner 2000

9. Impactsof GBV
on students& thecampus

10. Impacts& Effects
National Crime Victimization Resource Center, www.ncvc.org

11. Impactsin depth
1. The Personal
Impact on Victims
a. Financial and
Physical
b. Psychological
and Emotional
c. Secondary
Victimization of a
Victim
2. The Impact of
Crime on Society
a. Financial Costs
(not discussed because it differs from place to
place)
a. Secondary
Victims

12. Over 26 million peopleages12 and older
werevictimsof crime:
6.8 million in violent crimes
Over 19.6 million in property crimes
Consequencescan beimmediateand long
term.
NCVS, 2008

13. Physical Consequences
Death
– 2008: More than 14,000 people were victims of homicide
Injury
– 36% of robbery and 23% of assault victims were injured
Illness
– Sexually Transmitted Diseases
– Psychosomatic illness
Injury: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2007

14. Financial Consequences
• Healthcare
– Medical and psychological treatment
• Lost Wages
– Attendance and productivity can suffer
• Other Related Costs
– Attorney fees, child care costs, moving expenses, changing
phone numbers, the loss or need to change employment
Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2007

15. Emotional Consequences
Common reactions among victims:
– Shock/Disbelief
– Numbness
– Changes in appetite or sleeping patterns
– Difficulty concentrating
– Confusion
– Anger
– Fear
– Anxiety

16. Psychological Consequences
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
– Is a medical diagnosis (DSM V)
– Re-experiencing of the traumatic event
– Avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma
– Increased arousal or anxiety
– Stress and fear
PTSD symptoms seem to be worse if they were triggered deliberately by
another person, as in a mugging or rape.
PTSD rates are higher with victims of violent crimes than other crimes.

17. • Possible clinical diagnoses of victims post-crime.
• Fear can cause victims to make major lifestyle
changes. Examples: relocating, not working, or
seeking new employment.
• Agoraphobia: intense fear of crowds and being
alone in public places.
 Self-isolation
 Refusal to leave their home or travel far from home
 Avoid crowded places
Depression &Anxiety

18. Cognitive and Behavioral
Impact
Self-Blame and Attributions = Negative Self-
Esteem
Carry
weapons
Substance use
and abuse
Antisocial
behavior
Low work
productivity
Nature of
relationships
with others

19.  Negative response from family, friends or law
enforcement.
♦ Were they made to feel blamed, at fault,
responsible or that they used poor judgment or
unnecessary risks?
 Criminal justice process experience.
 Can influence a victim’s future willingness to report a
crime.
Secondary Victimization

20. Witnesses and those close to the victim may
experience:
 Shock
 Anger
 Thoughts about the event
 Fear for the victim’s safety
 Be reminded of their own past traumas
 Having to help the victim with expenses related to
the crime
Secondary Victimization

21. Community fear due to awareness of crime in their
neighborhood or region.
– People who live in the same neighborhood as the
victim are just as likely to relocate as the victim.
– Victimization also can force victims to relocate or
become homeless, increasing the need for society to
provide services.
Impact on Communities

22.  Victimization has immediate and long-term
consequences.
 Victims of crime can experience physical, financial,
emotional, psychological, and spiritual consequences.
 Victims can be re-victimized by the response of others
and the criminal justice system.
 Witnesses and those close to the victim can experience
similar symptoms as “secondary victims”.
 Crime is both financially and psychologically costly to
society.
Points to Note

23. Did you know?
Crime victims are at a
significantly
increased risk of
missing substantial
time from work and
school.
Crime victims struggle with
unexpected financial
burdens related to
missed work time,
medical bills, lost or
damaged property, and
legal fees.

24. Vulnerability of
Students& Under
Reporting

25. Under-
reporting of
crime
 Over 50% of crimes are never reported to the
police.
 Thefts, assaults (without a weapon), and
sexual assaults are among the most under-
reported crimes.
 These are among the crimes that happen the
most to college-aged students.
Fisher, Cullen, & Turner, 2000

26. Why college
studentsare
vulnerable?
College
students are
in one of the
highest risk
age groups
for violent
victimization.
They also are among the
least likely of any age
group to report their
victimization to authorities.

27. How to create a safer
campus?

28. Creating aSafer
Campus
As members of the
campus community,
we all play a part in
making our campus
and our community
safe.
One way to make our
presence known and to
make our community
safer is by learning
some skills that will
help us in responding
to victims of crime.

29. TheImportanceof CrimeReporting

30. A supportive response to a crime victim increases
the likelihood that she or he will:
Report the crime to the authorities.
Seek legal and other types of help required.
Begin the emotional and psychological process of
recovery.
Ahrens, Campbell, Ternier-Thames, Wasco, & Sefl 2007;
Campbell 1999; Coyne & DeLongis 1986;
and Walsh, Banyard, Moynihan, Ward, & Cohn 2010

31. How can I
help?

32. I

33. Few of my
workshop
activities
include

34. Taking
theMessageHome
YOU can make a difference by caring for gender based
crime victims by:
 Being an ally for crime victims on campus.
 Speaking out against crime victimization.
 Being aware of and providing resources and information for
crime victims on your campus.

35. Next Step…
If you would like to know more about my
workshops or my availability for
speaking engagements, please get in
touch

36. Acknowledgment
These materials were largely excerpted from materials prepared by the University of
Massachusetts/Lowell under grant number 2009-VF-GX-K006, awarded by the
Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice
and are used here by (insert name of person, company, agency or University)
with acknowledgement to the University of Massachusetts/Lowell and the Office
for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. The
opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in the materials are those of the
University of Massachusetts/Lowell and do not necessarily represent the official
position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.