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building
resiliencestrategy in managing natural disasters
Presented in Gambia in December 2015
Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
DRR & CCA Specialist
NDMA-UNDP, The Republic of Gambia
55, Kairaba Avenue, Banjul, The Gambia
West Africa
Email:bibhuti.gadanayak@one.un.org
2. Contents
The context of disaster
Africa disaster statistics
Mapping risk West Africa
West Africa risk mapping drivers…….enough
Focus on community
Definition resilience
Domain of practice
Elements of Coastal Community Resilience
Governance, Livelihood, Coastal resource management, land use planning, risk knowledge, warning and
evacuation, Emergency response and Disaster recovery
Building resilience
4 Pillars of disaster resilience
When a city become disaster resilient
Disaster resilience?????
Thank you
Duration: 15 minutes.
Number of Slides: 16
Content
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Coastal populations dramatically increasing (leading towards more demographic vulnerabilities)
Climate change is anticipated to increase the coastal hazard threat trends (sea level rise,
floods, storm – both intensity & frequency)
New problems of “mega disasters” emerging
Disasters are undermining years of development efforts
Increase in anthropogenic and human induced vulnerabilities
The context of Disaster
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No of events: 1,699
No of people killed 708,712
Average killed per year 24,438
No of people affected 319,465,876
Average affected per year 11,016,065
Ecomomic Damage (US$ X 1,000) 24,141,032
Ecomomic Damage per year (US$ X 1,000) 832,449
Africa disaster statistics, 1980 to 2008
Source: http://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/statistics/index_region.php?rid=1
% of people reported affected by disaster type
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….so focus on Community Resilience
The Hyogo Framework for Actions (HFA) -2005-2015
has increased the focus on building community resilience for disaster
management
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Resilience…….…
“the potential of a particular configuration of a system to: maintain its structure/function in the face of disturbance, and
the ability of the system to re-organize following disturbance-driven change . . .
(Louis Lebel, 2001)
“the capacity to survive, adapt and recover from a natural disaster.
(IFRC, 2004)
HFA, disaster resilience is determined by the degree to which individuals, communities and public and private
organisations are capable of organising themselves to learn from past disasters and reduce their risks to future ones, at
international, regional, National and local levels.
(UNISDR, 2005)
Summery,……the capacity to bounce back.
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Elements of Coastal Community Resilience
2.26
2.94
2.67
2.10
1.77
1.63
2.73
2.02
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
Governance
Society and
Economy
Coastal Resource
management
land use and
structural design
Risk knowledge
Warning and
evacuation
Emergency
response
Disaster recovery
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Leadership, systems, and institutions appropriate to the community that support actions to promote resilience
1. Governance
2. Socio-economy and Livelihoods
Prosperous, sustainable, diverse economies and livelihoods that allow communities to help themselves before,
during, and after disasters
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3. Coastal Resources Management
Active management of renewable resources and protection of habitat and features that sustain those resources
and buffer communities from natural disasters
4. Land use management
Active management of land uses in the community that allow development to be directed away from
environmentally sensitive and vulnerable areas
Zoning, building codes, and infrastructure development guidelines that reduce exposure to coastal
natural disaster risks
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5. Risk knowledge
An understanding of risks from coastal natural
disasters a community faces and its vulnerability to
disasters
Ability to receive alerts and notifications of coastal
hazards and to warn and evacuate at-risk populations
6. Warning and evacuation
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7 & 8. Emergency response and disaster recovery
Ability of community to mobilize to manage
coastal disasters with minimal dependence on
outside assistance
Ability of a community to manage post- disaster
assistance
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1. Preparedness (hazard, vulnerability, and risk assessments; predictions, forecasts and warning; disaster planning scenarios; insurance; intelligent
community)
2. Protection (implementation of building codes and lifeline standards; site-specific design and performance standards for essential and critical facilities)
3. Emergency response (evacuation; emergency medical; mass care; search and rescue; emergency transportation, local, regional, and
international assistance)
4. Recovery (reconstruction; local, regional, and global business resumption; post-disaster studies for pre-disaster preparedness)
4- pillars of disaster resilience
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- If, it is prepared for the inevitable natural hazards that are likely to occur at the wrong time and in the
wrong place relative to the city’s social constructs
-If, its people, buildings, infrastructure, essential and critical facilities are protected by codes & standards
against the potential disaster agents of likely natural hazards
-it is able to: a) respond effectively in real time to move people out of harm’s
way,
b) meet their needs in a crisis environment, and
c) protect assets, with and without help
- it’s policies not only resist disasters without failing, but also are mandates to look beyond to a future of
sustainable developmnt
When a city becomes disaster resilient????
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integrates research and scientific knowledge gained from “disaster laboratories” with
emerging technologies and the community’s political process to adopt realistic public
policies
Disaster resilience????
Community disaster resilience:
what’s needed: to find the COMMON AGENDA (CA) of technical and political solutions
Technical
solution
PCA Political Solution
