Disaster management ppt

1. Disaster Management

2. Unit-I
Chapter-1

3. Disaster
• The term ‘disaster’ owes its origin to the French
World ‘Desastre’ which refers to bad or evil star It
also refer to Italian word ‘disastro’.
• A serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society at any scale due to
hazardous events interacting with conditions of
exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to one
or more of the following: human, material,
economic and environmental losses and impacts.

25. • A disaster is a result from the combination of
hazard, vulnerability and insufficient capacity or
measures to reduce the potential changes of risk.
• Disaster, as defined by the United Nations, is a
serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or society, which involve widespread
human, material, economic or environmental
impacts that exceed the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own
resources

26. • Hazard: Word traces its origin to French word ‘hasard’
and ‘az-zahr’ in Arabic meaning chance or luck. It is
defined as a source of potential loss or circumstances
that have potential to cause harm
• Vulnerability: It means susceptibility to harm those at
risk. It is the intrinsic characteristic of the elements at
risk that determines the extent of damage arising out of
hazard.(Physical, Social, Economic and Environmental)
• Emergency It is an imminent situation require
immediate action. It is sometimes used interchangeably
with the term disaster, as, for example, in the context of
biological and technological hazards or health
emergencies, which, however, can also relate to
hazardous events that do not result in the serious
disruption of the functioning of a community or society.

28. Types of Disaster
•Natural Disasters
&
•Man-Made Disasters

29. • According to Centre for Research on Epidemiology
of Disasters (CRED): Disaster is categorised as
disaster when 10 or more people reported killed,
100 or more affected, declaration of state of
emergency and call for outside assistance.
Death and destruction
 Loss of basic amenities
 Disruption of emergency services
Destruction of roads and modes of communication.

30. Natural
Meteorological - Tropical storm, hurricanes, Local storms..
Geophysical - Earthquake, Volcano, Rock falls Avalanches,
landslides..
Climatological - Heat wave, cold wave, Winter storm, drought,
wild fire..
Biological –Epidemic, Insect infestation, Animal stamped..
Man-made
Sociological- Arson, Civil disorder, Terrorism
Political- War, Chemical weapons, Biological weapons, Nuclear
weapons, Massacre.
Industrial disaster- chemical spill, explosions, Nuclear,
Transportation
Human- Human error of Judgement Stampede, Air crash, Road
accident, Poisoning,

32. • Disaster damage occurs during and immediately after
the disaster. This is usually measured in physical units
(e.g., square meters of housing, kilometres of roads,
etc.), and describes the total or partial destruction of
physical assets, the disruption of basic services and
damages to sources of livelihood in the affected area.
• Disaster impact is the total effect, including negative
effects (e.g., economic losses) and positive effects (e.g.,
economic gains), of a hazardous event or a disaster. The
term includes economic, human and environmental
impacts, and may include death, injuries, disease and
other negative effects on human physical, mental and
social well-being.

38. Disaster Management
• Disaster management is how we deal with the human,
material, economic or environmental impacts of said
disaster, it is the process of how we “prepare for,
respond to and learn from the effects of major
failures” Though often caused by nature, disasters can
have human origins.
• According to the International Federation of Red
Cross & Red Crescent Societies a disaster occurs
when a hazard impacts on vulnerable people. The
combination of hazards, vulnerability and inability to
reduce the potential negative consequences of risk
results in disaster

41. Aims of Disaster Management
 To reduce the impact of disaster and quantum of loss.
 To create an environment where individuals and community
work together in groups and are able to achieve selected aims
effectively and efficiently.
 To develop important strategies to reduce and control the
occurrence of disasters.
 To organize the recovery and rescue missions.
 To trigger quick response by emergency services and ensuring
time bound recovery process.

42.  To develop team spirit in the individual members of
society or organization where individuals rise above their
self to help victims of disaster.
 Proper co-ordination communication for management of
resources specifically man, material, and economic
resources in disaster response and recovery
 To ensure all government and non government
organizations work in tandem for disaster management.
 Policy formulation for curbing disaster before onset.
 To foster resilience to disaster by ensuring participation
of local community in disaster management.

43. Principles and components of
disaster management
• Principle of Comprehensiveness
• Principle of Prevention and Protection
• Principle of shared responsibility
• Principle of Judicious use of available
resources
• Principle of coordination and collaboration
• Principle of flexibility
• Principle of practice of ethical standards
• Principle of prioritization

44. • Principle of risk-driven hazard identification
• Principle of initiative
• Principle of accountability
• Principle of equity
• Principle of individual interest to common
interest
• Principle of discipline
• Principle of unity

45. UNIT – I Chapter-2
Disaster Management
and
Planning

46. Nature Scope and Management Process

47. Disaster Management by nature is both
art and skill
Art- Skill in conducting any human
activity
Science-Any skill or technique that
reflects a precise application of fact or
principle

48. Policy Of Disaster management
• To provide guidance and direction to set priorities
for managing the disaster situation
• To promote community based disaster management
and execution at grass-root level
• To develop capacity of all stakeholders
• To consolidate past initiatives and develop best
practices for future use
• To facilitate cooperation with agencies at national
regional and international level

49. • To ensure multi-sectoral synergy for compliance
and coordination.
• To create and uphold a culture of prevention and
preparedness
• To prioritise disaster management as the principle
priority at all echelons and at all times
• To promote disaster mitigation measures on the
basis of the basis of state of the art technology and
environmental sustainability
• To integrate disaster management issues into the
development planning process

50. • To create and protect the veracity of an enabling
regulatory environment and a compliance system
• To promote a culture of coordination where all the
stakeholders work in tandem for generating
awareness and developing capacity.
• To ensure well-organized response and relief
measures to aid the disaster-resilient structures.
• To take time bound action for response relief
rehabilitation and reconstruction

51. Types of Plans: MBO
Management by Objective
• Clarity of goals
• Effective synergy between overall objectives and
individuals objectives
• Timeliness

52. SWOT Analysis
Community Level
Regional Level
National Level
Hazard and Vulnerability Analysis
Economic Dimensions
Physical Dimensions
Social Dimensions

53. Aim of Hazard Analysis
• To assess the risk and hazards the communities face and
the capacities of the population to respond to such
situation.
• To determine the facilities at risk and the degree to
which they might be affected.
• To analyse the each probable event from start to end.
• To involve communities , government authorities, and
organisations in the identification of hazard and
assessment of vulnerability.
• To make action plan tom prepare for the respond
identified risk.
• To identify activities to avert to reduce the effects of
expected hazards , risk and vulnerabilities.

54. Steps of Vulnerability analysis
 Recognition of hazard and vulnerabilities. The
vulnerabilities should cover diverse aspects, including
social, infrastructural, economic, environmental,
behavioural and political hazard.
Estimate probability of occurrence of an event.
An analysis of the probable human impact of each
disaster in terms of loss of lives and quantum of
physical injury.
An assessment of the probable damage to property. This
include analysis of replacement cost setting-up cost and
repair.
An assessment of capacity, highlighting the capacity
and availability of resources with the community to
reduce disaster risk and to organise effective response.