All non-governmental groups, associations and institutions that citizen form and join these includes - religious organizations - professional organizations - charitable groups - inter groups Non-Governmental associations (NGOs)

1. Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
Senior Technical Advisor, DRM & Emergency
UNDP – MINEMA, Kigali – Nyarugemge
KN 3 Rd. – KN 1 Av – Pension Plazza
Rwanda

2. Contents
• The context of disaster
• 10 of the Deadliest Natural Disasters in
2021
• Top 10 Natural Disasters in the History of
India
• India’s vulnerability to disasters
• Disaster Risk Reduction
• What is civil society
• SFDRR – 2015-2030
• Priorities of SFDRR
• CSO roles and responsibilities
• CSO engagement in DRR
• Practical actions
• Lessons learned
• Reference
• Thank U

3. Coastal populations dramatically increasing (leading towards
more demographic vulnerabilities)
Climate change is anticipated to increase the
coastal hazard threat trends (sea level rise, floods, storm – both intensity & frequency)
New problems of “mega disasters” emerging
Disasters are undermining years of development
efforts
Increase in anthropogenic and human induced
vulnerabilities
The context of Disaster

4. 10 of the Deadliest Natural Disasters in
2021
No. 10: Volcano Eruption Killed More Than 40 in Indonesia (4th Dec.)
No. 9: Tornado Killed 92 Across 5 States Kentucky (10th & 11th Dec.
US)
No. 8: Hurricane Ida Killed 91 Across 9 U.S. States (29th August 29)
No. 7: Cyclone Tauktae Killed at Least 200 in India (17th May)
No. 6: Flash Floods Killed 201 in India and Nepal (18th Oct.)
No. 5: Cyclone Seroja Killed at Least 222 (3rd April, Indonesia &
Timor-Leste)
No. 4: Floods Killed More Than 230 in Germany, Belgium (14th July)
No. 3: Floods, Landslides in China Killed at Least 302 (20th July)
No. 2: Super Typhoon Rai Killed 375 in the Philippines (16th Dec.)
No. 1: Earthquake Killed 2,248 in Haiti (14th August)
https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/slideshows/here-are-10-of-the-deadliest-natural-disasters-in-2021

5. Top 10 Natural Disasters in the History of
India
1. Kerala floods, August 2018, death toll 373 and more than
2,80,679 people got displaced
2. Kashmir Floods September 2014, death toll around 500+, 2600
villages were affected
3. Uttarakhand Flash Floods, 2013, death toll 5000+
4. The Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004, affected Parts of southern India,
Andaman Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka, Indonesia etc. death toll 2
lakh+
5. Gujarat Earthquake, 26th January 2001, death toll: 20,000+
6. Odisha Super Cyclone, 1999, death toll 10,000 plus, More than
275,000 houses were destroyed
7. Latur Earthquake, 1993 death toll 20,000 plus, around 30,000
were injured, and more than 50 villages were destroyed
8. The Great Famine, Year: 1876-1878, death toll 3 crore, it is
considered as one of the worst natural calamities in India of all time.
9. Coringa Cyclone (Andhra Pradesh) year:1839, death toll 3.2 lakh
people, more than 25000 vessels were ruined by this huge cyclone
10. Calcutta Cyclone, year:1737, death toll 3 lakh plus
Source: https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/travel/top-10-natural-disasters-in-the-history-of-india
Map Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Major_Disasters_in_India.jpg

6. India
Land area 3.287 million. km²
Earthquake 57 %
Flood 11.2 %
Cyclone &
Tsunami
Out of 7516 Km of Indian coasts
line 5770 Km (76.76%) are highly
vulnerable to natural hazards
such as; Cyclones and Tsunami.
Drought 28 %
India’s vulnerability to
disasters
India has been ranked at 89th position among 181 countries on the World Risk
Index 2020.

7. Disaster Risk Reduction
There is no such thing as a 'natural' disaster, only natural hazards.
• DRR aims to reduce the damage caused by natural
hazards like; earthquakes, floods, droughts and
cyclones, through an ethic of prevention.
• DRR is the concept and practice of reducing disaster
risks through
• systematic efforts to analyze and reduce the causal factors of disasters
• reducing exposure to hazards,
• lessening vulnerability of people and property,
• wise management of land and the environment, and improving preparedness for
adverse events

8. DRR………?:
bibhuti.undmt@gmail.com

9. What is civil society
All non-governmental groups, associations and
institutions that citizen form and join these includes
- religious organizations
- professional organizations
- charitable groups
- inter groups
Non-Governmental associations (NGOs)
THEY ARE INDEPENDENT FROM GOVERNMENT & ORGANIZED
BY INDIVIDUALS IN PERSUITS OF THE OWN ENDS
CS: AUTONOMUS GROUPS AND ASSOCIATIONS
According to the World Bank: “Civil society ... refers to a
wide array of organizations: community groups, non-
governmental organizations (NGOs), labour unions,
indigenous groups, charitable organizations, faith-based
organizations, professional associations, and
foundations.”

10. SFDRR – 2015-2030
SFDRR outlines 7 clear targets and 4 priorities for action to prevent new and reduce existing
disaster risks:
It aims to achieve the substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods
and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of
persons, businesses, communities and countries over the next 15 years.
The Framework was adopted at the 3rd UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in
Sendai, Japan, on March 18, 2015.

11. Priorities of SFDRR SFDRR has 4 Priorities:
1. Understanding Disaster Risk
Policies and practices for disaster
risk management should be based on
an understanding of disaster risk in
all its dimensions of vulnerability,
capacity, exposure of persons and
assets, hazard characteristics and the
environment. Such knowledge can be
leveraged for the purpose of pre-disaster
risk assessment, for prevention and
mitigation and for the development and
implementation of appropriate
preparedness and effective response to
disasters.
2. Strengthening Disaster risk Governance to
Manage Disaster Risk
3. Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction for
Resilience
4. Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for effective
Response, and to “Build Back Better” in recovery,
rehabilitation and reconstruction

12. CSO roles
and
responsibiliti
es
• Contribute to policy analysis, policy making
and strategy formulation at international,
national and sub-national levels, including
aggregating and advocating the
preferences and interests of affected
populations to strengthen linkages
between national policies and local
practices.
• Achieving a substantial reduction in
disaster losses will require a whole-of-
society approach that supports changes in
societal and individual behaviour, norms
and value systems, together with changes
within government institutions, public
policies and associated legislation.
• Assisting in the implementation and
localisation of DRR policies in collaboration
with national and local governments,
particularly in fragile states with limited
formal institutional capacities.
• Developing innovative approaches, good
practices, participatory methodologies and
new types of multi-stakeholder
partnerships.

13. CSO roles and responsibilities-2
Enhancing the inclusion and meaningful participation of vulnerable, marginalised people who
are disproportionately impacted by disasters to ensure DRR interventions reflect the needs
and priorities of all members of society.
Strengthen southern-based knowledge exchange and sharing of good practices, including
promoting localised learning and brokering the integration of local wisdom and indigenous
knowledge with external technological and scientific knowledge.
Strengthening domestic accountability and holding states to account for policy duties and
obligations. This can involve strengthening citizens’ voices and enhancing community level
decision-making; making information more accessible to increase transparency, raise public
awareness, ownership and social demand for fulfilment of rights and entitlements.

14. CSO roles and responsibilities-3
Promotion and strengthening of local leadership (including grassroots
women) to increase effective community mobilisation and
representation.
Supporting multi-level monitoring and evaluation processes to measure
the execution of national DRR policy programmes.
Strengthen policy coherence with other development actors on the
ground to promote and support harmonised programming and build
relationships across related policy frameworks.

15. CSO engagement in DRR
Meet the community where they
are!

16. Practical actions
1
Recognize the role
of civil society and
community
practitioners in
broadening the
participation of
citizens in the
formulation and
implementation of
community-driven
disaster risk
management
strategies.
2
Strengthen the
capacities of civil
society to engage
in multi-level
multi-stakeholder
DRR policy
dialogue and
implementation
3
Invest in South-
South and South-
North knowledge
and learning
platforms to share
expertise and
enhance the
integration of
local/traditional
wisdom and
technological/scie
ntific knowledge
for DRR.
4
Invest in civil
society and
community
practitioner
networks to share
local good
practices, increase
collaboration and
strengthen
coherence
between different
civil society actors
and state actors.
5
Create an enabling
environment in
legal and
institutional
provisions for civil
society to promote
citizen voices,
aggregating citizen
perspectives and
translating into
national policies
and practices.
6
Engage civil
society and
associated
networks in the
development and
implementation of
innovative
approaches
including impartial
participatory
community–level
monitoring and
evaluation
process.

17. Lessons learned
• A successful model of interactive cooperation among all relevant and
concerned stakeholders including civil society
• The important role played by the local committee formed in selected hot
spots including government official, representatives of local authorities,
NGOs, affected local community, women, youth and media; encouraging
their full participation and effective involvement.
• Effective partnership is the core of achieving sustainable development
• The political will in addition to the community engagement are the main
supporters to face climate change challenges and reduce its negative
impacts

18. References
• https://www.emdat.be/emdat_atlas/
• GFDRR on Civil Society and Community-Driven Resilience
• Inclusive Community Resilience, A Strategy for Civil Society Engagement, Community
Resilience, and Gender 2015-2017
• https://affairscloud.com/india-ranked-89th-among-181-countries-in-world-risk-
report-2020/
• http://www.unisdr.org/who-we-are/what-is-drr
• Gadanayak, BB and Routray, JK (2010), A path to Disaster resilient Communities, Lambert
Academic Publishing, Germany https://www.lap-
publishing.com/catalog/details/store/hu/book/978-3-8433-6666-3/a-path-to-
disaster-resilient-communities?search=Bibhuti%20Bhusan%20Gadanayak
• http://www.sdc-drr.net/what
• http://www.sdc-drr.net/disasters_rise
• Sendai Frame Work for DRR 2015-2030
• Political declaration WCDRR
• http://195.70.10.65/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-spm.pdf.
• http://www.vox.com/2015/4/7/8352381/anthropocene-NASA-images