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1. HUMAN GENOME

2. HUMAN GENOME
PROJECT
The Human Genome
• The human genome is by far the most
complex and largest genome.
• Its size spans a length of about 6 feet of
DNA, containing 30,000 to 40,000 genes.

3. HUMAN GENOME
PROJECT
The Human Genome
• The DNA material is organized into a haploid
chromosomal set of 22 and a sex
chromosome.

4. HUMAN GENOME
PROJECT
Goals
• Identify the approximate genes in human DNA.
• Determine the sequences of 3 billion chemical
base pairs that make up human DNA.
• Store this information in databases.
• Improve tools for data analysis.

5. A CLOSER LOOK AT THE
HUMAN GENOME
• The human genome contains 3164.7 million
nuckeotide bases ( approx. 3 billion A,C,T
and G).
• The average gene is made up of 3000
bases, but sizes of genes vary greatly.

6. A CLOSER LOOK AT THE
HUMAN GENOME
• The total number of genes is estimated at
around 30000.
• Almost all (99.9%) nucleotide bases are
exactly the same in all the people.

7. A CLOSER LOOK AT THE
HUMAN GENOME
• Less than 2 % of the genome codes for
protein.

8. A CLOSER LOOK AT THE
HUMAN GENOME
• Repeated sequences that do not code for
proteins (“junk DNA”) make up at least 50%
of the genome.
• Repetitive sequences fall into five classes:
5. Transposons
6. Processed pseudogenes
7. Simple sequence repeats
8. Segmental duplications
9. Tandem repeats form blocks of one type ofsequence