تێستەکانی خۆڵ ئەندازیار : بەڵێن زرار عبدالصمد شارستانی ، جیۆتەکنیک ، ڕێگاوبان

1. Soil testing
‫خؤل‬‫تيستةكانى‬
‫ستاندارى‬ ‫ثيى‬ ‫بة‬
ASTM
‫ئةمريكى‬ ‫ى‬
‫عبدالصمد‬ ‫زرار‬ ‫بةلني‬

2. 
‫تيداية‬ ‫خؤىل‬ ‫تيستيكى‬ ‫ضةند‬ ‫كتيبة‬ ‫ئةم‬
Water content
Specific gravity
Particle size distribution
Atterberg limit
Fall cone test
Compaction test
Sand cone test
Core cutter test
Constant head test
‫ئامادةكار‬
:
‫عبدالصمد‬ ‫زرار‬ ‫َن‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬‫بة‬
‫طر‬ ‫هةلة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ثيداضوونة‬
:
‫د‬
.
‫نةرميان‬ ‫جومعة‬ ‫بيستون‬
E-mail: balen_z@ymail.com

3. 
‫جيؤتةكنيك‬ ‫ئةندازيارانى‬ ‫ثيطةى‬ ‫بؤ‬ ‫ثاريزراوة‬ ‫مافيكى‬ ‫هةموو‬

‫كتيبة‬ ‫ئةم‬ ‫دانةرى‬ ‫بؤ‬ ‫هةروةها‬

‫كراون‬ ‫تيست‬ ‫تاقيطة‬ ‫لة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫راسةقينة‬ ‫تيستةكان‬ ‫ئةجنامى‬

4. Water content determination
‫ﺩﻩﺩﺭﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ASTM D 2216 ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻪﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
‫ﺩﻩﺩﺭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻧﮕﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﯙﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻪﺭﻩﺗﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ water content‫ﺋﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬
water content ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺍﻧﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺩﺭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻫﺎﺗﻮﻭﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
: ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﯚﻧﻴﻪﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
(electrical oven) ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻩﺑﺎﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻴﻜﯽ‬ .1
( electronic balance ) ‫ﻫﻪﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭﻳﻪﻛﯽ‬ .2
‫ﺗﺎﻳﺒﻪﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﭽﻮﻛﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻳﻪﻛﯽ‬ Can .3
‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻳﺮﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﻴﻚ‬ .4
‫ﺧﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﻴﻚ‬ .5
( ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺑﻴﺖ‬ ) ‫ﻛﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ .6
‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺑﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩﺕ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺮﺍﺯﺍﻧﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬
. ‫ﺑﺪﻩﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻛﻪﻭﺗﻮﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻼﻧﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ (‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬ ) Can .1
‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ . ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺋﺎﺳﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺩﻩﮔﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬
‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ( ‫ﮔﺮﺍﻡ‬ ) ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎﺗﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬
( ‫ﮔﺮﺍﻡ‬ ) ‫ﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻳﮕﯚﺭﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﯽ‬ ( ‫ﻛﮕﻢ‬ ) ‫ﺑﻪ‬
Data sheet) ‫ﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺵ‬

5. ‫ﺩﻩﻧﻮﻭﺳﻴﻦ‬ Can ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ (
‫ﺗﻴﻜﻪﻻﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺪﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﻳﻪﻛﯽ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻣﺎﻧﻪﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻫﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﻩﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﯼ‬ -2
‫ﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻜﻪﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺷﻜﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﺪﻳﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﯙﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﺪﻳﻚ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺪﻩﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻡ‬ 3 ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﺑﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬
. ( Can) ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ -3

6. ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬ Can ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺵ‬ -4
‫ﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻳﺨﻪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺑﮕﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻧﻮﻭﺳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ + ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ) ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻭﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬
(‫ﺗﺎﻟﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺗﮋﻣﻴﺮ‬ ۱٦ ‫ﻣﺎﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺧﻪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻭﻧﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻭﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﮔﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺵ‬ -5
. ‫ﺑﻜﺎﺕ‬ ( evaporation ) ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻭﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻪﯼ‬ ۱۱۰ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ۱۰٥ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﮋﻣﻴﺮ‬ ۱٦ ‫ﻣﺎﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻭﻩﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻭﻩﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻭﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ . ‫ﺩﻩﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻫﻴﻨﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻭﻧﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻭﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻭﻩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺵ‬ -6
‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻳﻨﻮﻭﺳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺩﻩﮔﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﯙﻧﻴﻪﻛﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻳﺨﻪﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭﯼ‬
( ‫ﻗﻮﻭﺗﻮﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ + ‫ﻭﻭﺷﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ) ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩ‬

7. : ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﻜﻪﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
( Empty can ) ‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ + ‫ﺗﻪﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ + ‫ﻭﻭﺷﻜﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﻛﯚﺗﺎﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﻜﻪﻭﺗﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻴﺎﺭﻳﺎﻧﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬
:‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﺪﺍﻧﻪﻭﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩﺩﺍ‬
W% = Mw Ms
Where : W% = Water content
Mw = Mass of water (gm)
Ms = Mass of soil (gm)
: ‫ﻛﻪﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻴﻜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﯚﻧﻤﻮﻭﻧﻪ‬
Sample A1 Sample A2 Sample A3
Mass of can 40 gm 40 gm 40 gm
Mass of can+ moisture soil 60 gm 65 gm 65 gm
Mass of can + dry soil 55 gm 90 gm 60 gm
Mass of dry soil (Ms)
Mass of pore water (Mw)
Water content %
‫ﺷﻴﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻴﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩﻛﺎﻧﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺑﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ Mass of can ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﺗﺎﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﺎﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺗﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺑﻮﻭ‬ ( Mass of can+ moisture soil)
‫ﻛﻴﺸﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪﻛﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻭﻧﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ (Mass of can + dry soil)
: ‫ﺑﺪﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺍﻛﺎﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬
Mass of dry soil ( Ms) = (Mass of can + mass of dry soil) - Mass of can
= 55 - 40
= 15 gm
Mass of pore water(Mw) =(Mass of can+ moisture soil)-(Mass of can + mass of dry
soil)
= 60 - 50
= 5 gm
W% =( MwMs )*100
W% = (515)*100

8. name
= 33.3 %
A1 ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻪﻛﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭﻭﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻩﺭﺑﮕﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻳﻨﺪﻧﻪﻭﻩ‬ ۳ ‫ﺧﯚﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻭﺍﻭﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
‫ﻭﻩﺭﮔﺮﺗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻳﻨﺪﻧﻪﻭﻩﻣﺎﻥ‬ ۳ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺍﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻗﻴﮕﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻳﺒﻴﻨﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
‫ﻛﯚﺗﺎﻳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬
Sample A1 Sample A2 Sample A3
Mass of can 40 gm 40 gm 40 gm
Mass of can+ moisture soil 60 gm 65 gm 65 gm
Mass of can + dry soil 55 gm 90 gm 60 gm
Mass of dry soil (Ms) 15 gm 20 gm 20 gm
Mass of pore water (Mw) 5 gm 5 gm 5 gm
Water content % 33.3 25 25
(W%) average = ( 33.3 + 25 + 25) 3
= 27.7 %
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9. Specific gravity determination
‫ﺩﻩﺩﺭﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ASTM D 854-00 ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻪﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
‫ﻩ‬ soil ‫ﺑﯚ‬ specific gravity ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻪﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭﻳﻪﻛﯽ‬ -1
(Funnel ) ‫ﺭﻩﺣﻪﺗﯽ‬-2
( Spoon )‫ﻛﻪﻭﭼﻚ‬ -3
pycnomenter -4
( distilled water) ‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﻴﻚ‬ -5
Vacuum pump -6
‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻫﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ Pycnometer -1
‫ﺋﻪﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺩﻩﮔﺮﻳﻦ‬

10. ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺪﻩﻛﻪﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ Wp ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻳﻨﻮﻭﺳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
( ۱۰) ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻫﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ( ‫ﮔﺮﺍﻡ‬ ۱۰ ) ‫ﺧﯚﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﻴﻚ‬ -2
‫ﺑﺒﻴﺘﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﯚ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﭼﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﭙﻪﺭﺩﻩﻛﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻩﻛﻪﻭ‬ ( pycnometer ) ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻩﺣﻪﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ -3
‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﺪﻩﻛﻪﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ Wps ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺩﻩﮔﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬
‫ﭘﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺍﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﯽ‬ - ‫ﭼﺎﺭﻩﻛﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪﻭ‬ pycnometer ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ -4
‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻭﺍﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﮋﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻳﺪﻩﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬ ۱۰ ‫ﻣﺎﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﻩﺑﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻭﺍﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯚﺷﺎﻳﻴﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﯚﺷﺎﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻪﻣﭙﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮﯼ‬ ( vacuum ) ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬-5
۲۰ - ۱۰ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻭﺍﻛﻪﯼ‬ ( Vacuum pump)
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻭﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻭﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻴﻠﺮﻳﺘﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ‬ ( vacuum) ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻻﺑﺒﺮﺩﺭﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﻪﻣﭙﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻮﺍﺷﯽ‬

11. ‫ﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ -6
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﻛﻮ‬ pycnometer ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺷﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩﯼ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺷﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻭﺭﻭﺑﻪﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺍﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﻪﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻭﺳﺎﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻳﺨﻪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺶ‬
‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﻜﻪﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ ( Wb) ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻳﻨﻮﻭﺳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺩﻩﮔﺮﻳﻦ‬
.
‫ﻫﻴﻠﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺪﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ pycnometer ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬-7
‫ﺩﻩﻳﻨﻮﻭﺳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺩﻩﮔﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻳﺨﻪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺷﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩﯼ‬
‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ ( Wa) ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩﺩﺍ‬
. ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﺘﻪﻭﻩﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﭘﻪﻟﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﯚﺗﺎﻳﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﯼ‬ -8
‫ﻛﻪﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ pycnometer ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ Wp
‫ﻭﻭﺷﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ pycnometer ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ Wps
. ‫ﺷﻮﺷﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻪﻳﻴﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪﻭ‬ pycnometer ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ Wb
‫ﺑﺎﺯﻧﻪﻳﻴﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ pycnometer ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ Wa
‫ﺑﻜﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻭﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻴﺎﺭﻳﺎﻧﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻳﺶ‬
Where : G.s = Specific gravity
Wo = Weight of sample of oven dry soil
Wa: Weight of pycnometer filled with water
Wb : Weight of pycnometer and soil and water
‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﻜﻪﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
Specimen number 1
Pycnometer bottle number ---
Wp = Mass ofempty , clean , pycnometer ( grams ) 160.1
Wps = Mass of pycnometer + dry soil ( grams ) 207
Wb = Mass of pycnometer + dry soil + water ( grams ) 683.4

12. Wa = Mass of pycnometer +water ( grams ) 658
Specific gravity (Gs) ?
‫ﻫﻪﺑﻴﺖ‬Wo ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ ( Specific gravity ) ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
Wo = Wps - Wp
Wo= 207 - 160.1
W0 = 46.9
‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ 2.9 - 2 ‫ﻧﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ Specific gravity ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻛﯚﺗﺎﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬
Specimen number 1
Pycnometer bottle number ---
Wp = Mass ofempty , clean , pycnometer ( grams ) 160.1
Wps = Mass of pycnometer + dry soil ( grams ) 207
Wb = Mass of pycnometer + dry soil + water ( grams ) 683.4
Wa = Mass of pycnometer +water ( grams ) 658
Specific gravity (Gs) 2.18
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺑﻪﺕ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻛﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺼﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻟﻴﻦ‬
‫ﭘﻴﮕﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺸﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻳﻮﻩﺑﻪﺭﯼ‬
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‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﯙﻓﺎﻳﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻴﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬

13. ‫ﻛﯚﻣﻪﻻﻳﻪﺗﻴﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﯚﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻭﯼ‬
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‫ﭘﺎﺭﻳﺰﺭﺍﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻓﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫©ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬
Like 4 Send Recommend 4 0
0
Messenger 0 0 0 0

14. Grain size distribution by sieving analysis
‫ﺩﻩﺩﺭﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ASTM D 422 - Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻪﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻪﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭﻳﻪﻛﯽ‬ -۱
‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﯽ‬ -۲
( Sieve shaker) ‫ﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻪﻛﻴﻨﻪﯼ‬ -۳
pan -٤
‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻩﺭﺩﻩﮔﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻫﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ pan -۱
Wp
‫ﻛﻴﺸﺎﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪﯼ‬ pan ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
Wp= 339 g
‫ﻩﻛﻪﻭ‬ ( pan) ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻳﻜﻪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻣﺎﻧﻪﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ -۲
‫ﻫﻪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ ( pan ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ) ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﯚﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬

15. Wps
Wps = 1341 g
‫ﺑﺪﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ (pan ) ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﮔﻪﻝ‬ ( pan ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ) ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﺪﻩﺭﻛﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﺪﻩﻛﻪﻭﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
Ws = Wps -Wp
Where : Ws = weight of soil
Wcs = weight of soil + pan
Wc= weight of empty pan
Ws= 1341- 339 ------ Ws= 1002 gram
‫ﺗﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ -۳
‫ﺩﻩﻳﺎﻧﻮﻭﺳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺩﻩﮔﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺰﺑﻪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ -٤
‫ﺩﻩﻳﻜﻪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﻩﺗﻴﺮﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻧﮕﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﻭﺭﻩﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻭﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪﻛﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻴﮋﻧﮕﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩﻯ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﭽﻮﻛﺘﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﻭ‬ 10 ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻴﮋﻧﮕﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺘﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﭽﻮﻛﻜﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻫﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ pan ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ 200 ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻴﻜﻰ‬
‫ﻳﻪﻙ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﻛﻮ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺰﺑﻪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻧﮕﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻪﺭﻗﺎﭖ‬ . ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻧﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﻙ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻧﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﮋﻧﮕﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺭﻩﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﻧﻪﺭﮊﻳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺷﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺧﻪﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫(ﻯ‬ cover)

16. ‫ﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻳﺨﻪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ -٥
Sieve) ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻣﻪﻛﻴﻨﻪﯼ‬
‫ﺋﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻪﻛﻴﻨﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ ( shaker
‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬ ۱۰ ‫ﻣﺎﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺑﺒﻴﮋﺭﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﻪﻛﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﭙﻪﺭﻳﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺷﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺷﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ -٦
‫ﻩﻛﺎﻧﻰ‬ particle ‫ﺭﺍﺩﻩﻳﻪﻙ‬ ‫ﭺ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻴﻨﻴﺘﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻧﮕﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺩ‬.‫ﺗﺎ‬ .. ‫ﺑﭽﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﭙﻪﺭﻳﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﭼﻪﻧﺪﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭼﻪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺩﻩﮔﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭﻳﻪﻛﻪﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻴﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻨﺎﭘﻪﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻧﺎﺭﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ‬ pan ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﯚﺗﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻧﮕﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻢ‬ 9.5 ‫ﻧﻴﻮﻩﺗﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻧﮕﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻻﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﻪﻛﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﻛﻮ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﻭﺭﻩﻥ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﺎﻧﻰ‬ particle ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﯚﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ : ‫ﺏ‬.‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻧﻪﻫﻴﻨﺎﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻻﻡ‬
. ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﺘﻪﻭﻩﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﭘﻪﻟﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﯚﺗﺎﻳﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﯼ‬ -۷
‫ﻛﻪﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻟﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﻴﮓ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻭﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻴﺎﺭﻳﺎﻧﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬

17. ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﻜﻪﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
Sieve
number
opening
mm
Mass of empty
sieve gm
Mass of retained
soil on each
sieve gm
retained soil
gm
%Percent of
retained soil
%Passing
Percent or
percent Finer
4 4.75 451 894
10 2.0 357 573
16 1.18 311 387
40 0.425 266 430
50 0.30 283 329
100 0.15 258 290
200 0.075 269 282
PAN ------ 254 266
total weight
‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﺎﺗﻪ‬ mass of empty sieve ‫ﻛﺎﺗﻴﻜﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺵ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﻴﮓ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﺎﺗﻪ‬ Mass of retained soil on each sieve
‫ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ retain soil ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
retained soil = Mass retain soil on each sieve - Mass of empty sieve
Retain soil for sieve 4= 894 -451 ------- retained soil = 443 g
Retain soil for sieve 10= 573 -357 ------- retained soil= 216 g
Retain soil for sieve 16= 387 -311 ------- retained soil = 76 g
Retain soil for sieve 40= 430 -266 ------- retained soil = 164 g
Retain soil for sieve 50= 329 -283 ------- retained soil = 46 g
Retain soil for sieve 100= 290 -258 ------- retained soil = 32 g
Retain soil for sieve 200= 283 -269 ------- retained soil = 13 g
Retain soil for sieve pan= 266 -254 ------- retained soil = 12 g
Retained soil ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﺍﻧﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﻳﺮﯼ‬
Sieve
number
opening
mm
Mass of empty
sieve gm
Mass of retained
soil on each
sieve gm
retained soil
gm
%Percent of
retained soil
%Passing
Percent or
percent Finer
4 4.75 451 894 443
10 2.0 357 573 216
16 1.18 311 387 76
40 0.425 266 430 164
50 0.30 283 329 46
100 0.15 258 290 32
200 0.075 269 282 13
PAN ------ 254 266 12
total weight 1002
‫ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ percent of retain ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
percent of retained soil = retain soil total weight * 100
percent of retain for sieve no 4 =4431002 *100 ----- = 44.21 %

18. percent of retained soil = retain soil total weight * 100
percent of retain for sieve no 10 =2161002 *100 ----- = 21.55 %
percent of retained soil = retain soil total weight * 100
percent of retain for sieve no 16 =761002 *100 ----- = 7.58 %
percent of retained soil = retain soil total weight * 100
percent of retain for sieve no 40 =1641002 *100 ----- = 16.36 %
percent of retained soil = retain soil total weight * 100
percent of retain for sieve no 50 =461002 *100 ----- = 4.59%
percent of retained soil = retain soil total weight * 100
percent of retain for sieve no 100 =321002 *100 ----- = 3.19 %
percent of retain = soil retain total weight * 100
percent of retain for sieve no 200 =131002 *100 ----- = 1.29%
percent of retained soil = retain soil total weight * 100
percent of retain for pan =121002 *100 ----- = 1.19%
Sieve
number
opening
mm
Mass of empty
sieve gm
Mass of retained
soil on each
sieve gm
retained soil
gm
%Percent of
retained soil
%Passing
Percent or
percent Finer
4 4.75 451 894 443 44.21
10 2.0 357 573 216 21.55
16 1.18 311 387 76 7.584
40 0.425 266 430 164 16.36
50 0.30 283 329 46 4.5
100 0.15 258 290 32 3.19
200 0.075 269 282 13 1.29
PAN ------ 254 266 12 1.19
total weight 1002
‫ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ percent of passing ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬
Percent of passing = 100 - accumulation percent of retain
? accumulation of percent of retain above sieve no ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻪﺑﻪﺳﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬
percent of retain ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻭﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻭﻩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﯚﻛﺮﺩﻧﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﻪﺑﻪﺳﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺪﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﯼ‬ percent of passing ‫ﺩﻩﻣﺎﻧﻪﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﻪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻭﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﯚﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬
Percent of passing for sieve no 4= 100 - accumulation percent of retain sieve no 4
percent of passing for 4 =100 - 44.21 ----- = 55.78%
Percent of passing for sieve no 10= 100 - accumulation percent of retain above sieve no
10

19. percent of passing for 10 =100 - 65.76 ----- = 34.23%
Percent of passing for sieve no 16= 100 - accumulation percent of retain above sieve no
16
percent of passing for 16 =100 - 73.35 ----- = 26.64%
Percent of passing for sieve no 40= 100 - accumulation percent of retain above sieve no
40
percent of passing for 40 =100 - 89.72 ----- = 10.27%
Percent of passing for sieve no 50= 100 - accumulation percent of retain above sieve no
50
percent of passing for 50 =100 - 94.31 ----- = 5.68%
Percent of passing for sieve no 100= 100 - accumulation percent of retain above sieve
no 100
percent of passing for 100 =100 - 97.50 ----- = 2.49%
Percent of passing for sieve no 200= 100 - accumulation percent of retain above sieve
no 200
percent of passing for 200 =100 - 98.80 ----- = 1.19%
Percent of passing for sieve Pan = 100 - accumulation percent of retain above Pan
percent of passing for Pan =100 - 100 ----- = 0%
‫ﺑﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﭙﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﯼ‬ ۰% ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ pan ‫ﯼ‬ percent of passing ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺯﯙﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﻪﻛﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩﻛﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﻪﺩﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
‫ﺗﻪﻭﺍﻭﻥ‬
Sieve
number
opening
mm
Mass of empty
sieve gm
Mass of retained
soil on each
sieve gm
retained soil
gm
%Percent of
retained soil
%Passing
Percent or
percent Finer
4 4.75 451 894 443 44.21 55.78
10 2.0 357 573 216 21.55 34.23
16 1.18 311 387 76 7.58 26.64
40 0.425 266 430 164 16.36 10.27
50 0.30 283 329 46 4.59 5.68
100 0.15 258 290 32 3.19 2.49
200 0.075 269 282 13 1.29 1.19
PAN ------ 254 266 12 1.19 0
total weight 1002
percent of passing ‫ﻭ‬ Grain size ‫ﻧﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺮﻓﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻴﭙﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻧﮕﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﻩﺗﻴﺮﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﭙﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ‬ Grain size = sieve diameter
‫ﺩﻩﻣﻴﻨﻴﺘﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﻭﺭﻩﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﮔﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬
Sieve no Sieve diameter = grain size
Percent of passing or percent of
finer
4 4.75 55.78

20. 10 2.0 34.23
16 1.18 26.64
40 0.425 10.27
50 0.30 5.68
100 0.15 2.49
200 0.075 1.19
PAN ------ 0
‫ﺑﺪﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ D 10 - D 30 - D60 ‫ﺩﻩﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺮﭬﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬
D10 = 0.4166
D30 = 1.65
D60 = 5.6
‫ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ Cz ‫ﻭ‬ Cu ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬
Cu = 5.6 0.4166 Cu = 13.4421
Cz = 1.652 5.6 * 0.4116 Cz = 1.1669
‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﯚﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺎﺭﻳﻜﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
gravel ‫ﺋﻪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﻭﺭﻩﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ Cu ‫ﺋﻪﮔﻪﺭ‬
Sand ‫ﺋﻪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﻭﺭﻩﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻪﺵ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ cu ‫ﺋﻪﮔﻪﺭ‬
Well graded ‫ﺋﻪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ۳-۱ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ Cz ‫ﻧﺮﺧﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﮔﻪﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ well graded ‫ﺋﻪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻮﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﻭ‬ Cu - Cz ‫ﺭﯾﮋﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﮔﻪﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻪﺭﺟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭﺩﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻪﯾﺮﻩﻭﻯ‬
poorly graded ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﻪﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﭘﻪﯾﺮﻩﻭ‬ ‫ﯾﻪﻛﻴﻜﻴﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﮔﻪﺭ‬

21. ‫ﺟﯚﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻟﻪﻛﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺗﺎﻳﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬
Cu =13.4 greater than 6 its sand
Cz= 1.16 between range 1 -3
Well graded sand
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭﻳﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬
Gravel - sand - fine ( clay + sand)
‫ﺑﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬ percent of retain ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﯚﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻩ‬ gravel ٤‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﯽ‬
‫ﻩ‬ Fine ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻪﻛﻪ‬
Sand ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﯚﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺶ‬ ۲۰۰ - ۱۰ ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ٤ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬
Percent of retain
44.21
21.55
7.58
16.36
4.59
3.19
1.29
1.19
Gravel % = 44.21
Sand% = 54.59
Fine ( caly+silt) % = 1.19
Sum all 44.21 + 54.59+ 1.19 = 100%
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﺠﻴﺎﺑﻜﻪﻳﺘﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ Fine ‫ﭼﻪﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ Clay - Silt ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭﻳﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺵ‬ ‫ﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻫﺎﺗﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪﻛﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ . ‫ﺩﻩﻛﺮﻳﺖ‬ Hydrometer analysis ‫ﺩﻩﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻴﻜﯽ‬
‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬
‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺑﮕﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻜﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻳﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ particle size distribution ‫ﻛﻴﺮﭬﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺘﻜﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻮﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺮﭬﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺘﻜﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬

22. ‫ﺑﺎﺑﻪﺕ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻛﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺼﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻟﻴﻦ‬
‫ﭘﻴﮕﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺸﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻳﻮﻩﺑﻪﺭﯼ‬
۲۰۱۱-۱۱-۱٥ : ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻭﺍﺭﯼ‬
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‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﯙﻓﺎﻳﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻴﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻛﯚﻣﻪﻻﻳﻪﺗﻴﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﯚﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻭﯼ‬
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Recommend 7 0
0
Messenger 0 0 0
0

23. Liquid limit & Plastic limit (Atterberg limit) test
‫ﺩﻩﺩﺭﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ASTM D 4318 ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻪﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
Liquid limit
‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻪﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭﻳﻪﻛﯽ‬ -1
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻩﺑﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻴﻜﻰ‬-2
Liquid limit device-3
Can -4
( distilled water) ‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ‬40 ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻧﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﻴﻚ‬ -5
‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍ‬ 40 ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ -1
‫ﺩﻩﻛﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﭙﻪﺭ‬

24. ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺩﻩﮔﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻫﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ can ‫ﭼﻮﺍﺭ‬ -2
‫ﺑﮕﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺵ‬ 3 ‫ﺩﻩﻛﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺪﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ -3
‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻜﻪﻻﻭﻯ‬
-
‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻫﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ liquid limit aparatus ‫ﻧﺎﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻬﺎﺯﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬-4
‫ﺩﻩﻳﺒﻴﻨﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﻪﻳﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﻙ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻬﺎﺯﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺧﺘﺎﻳﻴﻪﻛﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺷﻪ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪﻭ‬ cup ‫ﻧﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭﻭﻩﻫﺎ‬ . ‫ﺑﻜﻪﺑﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﭽﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻳﺪﻩﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻬﺎﺯﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺍﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﺒﻪﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺳﻨﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﺍﻧﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬ ۱ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻢ‬ 10 ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺩﻩﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻢ‬ ۱ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻢ‬ 10 ‫ﺧﯚﻯ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ cup ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻫﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬-5
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻳﺪﻩﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻳﻪﻛﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﻛﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻳﻪﻙ‬

25. ‫ﺧﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﻜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪﻭ‬ cup ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﻰ‬ -6
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭﻩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻪﺗﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ groove ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺷﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﻮﺭﻳﻨﻴﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺭﻩ‬ crank ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ -7
‫ﺑﻴﺴﻮﺭﻳﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﻛﻪﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻳﻨﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺘﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻻﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭﺩﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻢ‬ 13 ‫ﻭﺍﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻪﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﮔﺮﻳﺘﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﺍﻧﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ crank ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻧﺪﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻩﻳﮋﻣﻴﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﺪﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﮋﻣﺒﺮﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻧﻪﻭﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻨﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺎﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﯚﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭﺩﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﻩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﭽﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﻨﻨﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬ can ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻮﻭﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﺍﻧﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺗﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﻰ‬ ‫ﻻﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭﺩﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﻰ‬ -8
‫ﻭﻩﺭﺑﮕﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪﻭ‬ can ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻬﺎﺯﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ cup ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻩﺭﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﮋﻣﻴﺮ‬ 16 ‫ﻣﺎﻭﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻩﺑﺎﻳﻴﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺨﻪﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻮﻭﺳﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚﺗﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻭﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﻭ‬

26. ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﺍﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﺘﺮﺩﻩﮔﺮﻳﺘﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺑﮕﻴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬- 9
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺭﺩﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﯙﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺑﮕﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻴﺶ‬ ۳ ‫ﺩﻩﺗﻮﺍﻧﯽ‬
‫ﺩﻩﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﻴﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻞ‬ ۳ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻮﮊﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﯙﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺑﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻻﻡ‬
Plastic limit
‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮ‬ ) ‫ﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻳﻬﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻭﻩﺗﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ -1
‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻻﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻟﯚﺯ‬ ‫ﺯﯙﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻣﻪﺵ‬ ‫ﺷﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﯙﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻫﻪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬ plastic limit
liquid ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﻙ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ soil ‫ﺟﯚﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻳﻬﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺷﻜﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺒﻴﻨﯽ‬
glass ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ( ‫ﺩﻩﮔﯚﺭﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﺒﻪﺗﻤﻪﻧﺪﻳﻪﻛﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﯚﺭﻳﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺟﯚﺭﻳﻜﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ soil ‫ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬ limit

27. ‫ﻣﻢ‬ 3.5 ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﻩﺗﻴﺮﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﻙ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ plate
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ Crack ‫ﺗﻮﻭﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﺒﺪﺭﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﯙﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻢ‬ 3.5 ‫ﺗﻴﺮﻩﯼ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻩﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﯙﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺕ‬ crack ‫ﺗﻮﻭﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻢ‬ 3.5 ‫ﺋﻪﺳﺘﻮﻭﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﻳﺸﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﮔﻪﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮﻳﺘﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ liquid limit ‫ﺳﻨﻮﻭﺭﯼ‬
‫ﺳﻨﻮﻭﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺸﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﺵ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻭﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻢ‬ 3.5 ‫ﺋﻪﺳﺘﻮﻭﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﮔﻪﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ‬ plastic limit
‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻭﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻢ‬ 3.5 ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻪﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﯙﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮﻳﺘﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻪﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﻪﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﮔﻪﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻩﻛﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﻙ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺵ‬
‫ﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬ can ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺩﻩﮔﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻭﻧﻪ‬ 3 ‫ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺪﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬ can ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﻰ‬
16 ‫ﻣﺎﻭﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺨﻪﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺑﮕﺮﻩﻭ‬
‫ﻛﻴﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺭﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﮋﻣﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻭﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺘﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﺮﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭ‬

28. Liquid limit
Sample
A1
Sample A2 Sample A3 sample A4
Mass of can gram 40 40 40 40
Mass of can+ moisture soil (Mcm) gram 46.33 45.96 43.86 42.64
Mass of can + dry soil (Mcd) gram 45.17 44.79 43.03 42.02
Mass of dry soil (Ms) gram
Mass of pore water (Mw) gram
Water content %
No of blows 31 29 20 14
: ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﻜﻪﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺪﺍﻧﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩﻯ‬
( Empty can ) ‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ + ‫ﺗﻪﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ + ‫ﻭﻭﺷﻜﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﻛﯚﺗﺎﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﻜﻪﻭﺗﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻴﺎﺭﻳﺎﻧﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬
:‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﺪﺍﻧﻪﻭﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩﺩﺍ‬
W% = Mw Ms
Where : W% = Water content
Mw = Mass of water (gm)
Ms = Mass of soil (gm)
______________________________________________________________________

29. ‫ﺷﻴﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻴﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩﻛﺎﻧﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺑﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ Mass of can ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﺗﺎﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﺎﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺗﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺑﻮﻭ‬ ( Mass of can+ moisture soil)
‫ﻛﻴﺸﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪﻛﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻭﻧﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ (Mass of can + dry soil)
: ‫ﺑﺪﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺍﻛﺎﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬
For sample A1
Mass of dry soil ( Ms) = (Mass of can + mass of dry soil) - Mass of can
= 45.17 - 40
= 5.17 gm
Mass of pore water(Mw) =(Mass of can+ moisture soil)-(Mass of can + mass of dry
soil)
= 46.33 - 45.17
= 1.16 gm
W% =( MwMs )*100
W% = (1.165.17)*100
= 22.43 %
for sample A2
Ms= Mcd - Mc ------ Ms = 44.79 - 40 = 4.79 gram
Mw= Mcm - Mcd ------ Mw =45.96 - 44.79 = 1.17 gram
W% =( MwMs )*100 ------- W% = (1.174.79)*100 ---- = 24.4 %
for sample A3
Ms= Mcd - Mc ------ Ms = 43.03 - 40 = 3.03 gram
Mw= Mcm - Mcd ------ Mw =43.86 - 43.03 = 0.83 gram
W% =( MwMs )*100 ------- W% = (0.833.03)*100 ---- = 27.39 %
for sample A4
Ms= Mcd - Mc ------ Ms = 42.02- 40 = 2.02 gram
Mw= Mcm - Mcd ------ Mw =42.64 - 42.02 = 0.62 gram
W% =( MwMs )*100 ------- W% = (0.622.02)*100 ---- = 30.69 %
Sample A1 Sample A2 Sample A3 sample A4
Mass of can gram 40 40 40 40
Mass of can+ moisture soil (Mcm) gram 46.33 45.96 43.86 42.64
Mass of can + dry soil (Mcd) gram 45.17 44.79 43.03 42.02

30. Mass of dry soil (Ms) gram 5.17 4.79 3.03 2.02
Mass of pore water (Mw) gram 1.16 1.17 0.83 0.62
Water content % 22.43 24.4 27.39 30.69
No of blows 31 29 20 14
water content ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﺍﻧﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻪﻳﻮﻩﻧﺪﻳﻪﻙ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ Liquid limit ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
‫ﺗﻪﻭﻩﺭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺋﺎﺳﯚﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﺘﺮﺩﻩﺑﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺮﭬﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﮋ‬ ‫ﺧﻪﺗﻴﻚ‬ 25 ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ No of blows
liquid limit ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻮﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ water contnet ‫ﺗﻪﻭﻩﺭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﮋﯼ‬
Liquid limit = 26
Plastic limit
water contnet ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻧﻬﺎ‬ plastic limit ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬

31. Sample A1 Sample A2 Sample A3
Mass of can gram 40 40 40
Mass of can+ moisture soil (Mcm) gram 48.61 45.6 46.07
Mass of can + dry soil (Mcd) gram 47.5 44.86 45.27
Mass of dry soil (Ms) gram
Mass of pore water (Mw) gram
Water content %
For sample A1
Mass of dry soil ( Ms) = (Mass of can + mass of dry soil) - Mass of can
= 47.5 - 40
= 7.5 gm
Mass of pore water(Mw) =(Mass of can+ moisture soil)-(Mass of can + mass of dry
soil)
= 48.61 - 47.5
= 1.11 gm
W% =( MwMs )*100
W% = (1.117.5)*100
= 14.8 %
‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻪﻛﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
Sample A1 Sample A2 Sample A3
Mass of can gram 40 40 40
Mass of can+ moisture soil (Mcm) gram 48.61 45.6 46.07
Mass of can + dry soil (Mcd) gram 47.5 44.86 45.27
Mass of dry soil (Ms) gram 7.5 4.86 5.27
Mass of pore water (Mw) gram 1.11 0.74 0.8
Water content % 14.8 15.2 15.1
Plastic limit = Average water content
A.wt % = (14.8 + 15.2 + 15.1 ) 3
Wt % = 15.0 = PL
Plastic limit = 15
‫ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ plasticity index ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
L.L = 26 PL = 15

32. PI = LL - PL
PI = 26-15
PI = 11
‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺑﮕﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻜﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻳﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ Liquid limit ‫ﻛﻴﺮﭬﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺘﻜﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻮﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺮﭬﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺘﻜﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺮﺑﻮﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺩﻩﻳﺒﻴﻨﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﮕﻪﻛﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﻤﺎﻧﺪﺍﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﯚﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫؟‬ ‫ﺑﺪﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﭼﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺮﺑﻮﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻴﻪﻡ‬ specific gravity ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﻩﻡ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ water content ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭﻩﺗﺎﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻭ‬ Liquid limit ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺍﺭﻩﻡ‬ particle size distribution by sieving analysis
‫ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻳﻦ‬ SOIL ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﭘﯚﻟﻴﻦ‬ (AASHTO) ‫ﺋﺎﺷﺘﯚﯙ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻪﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬
: ‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﻴﺘﻪﺭﻩ‬ 3 ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺷﺘﯚﯙ‬
Particle size distribution -1
Liquid limit -2
plasticity index -3
‫ﺩﺍﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻜﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﻴﺘﻪﺭﻩ‬ 3 ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻭﭘﻴﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﭺ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﯚﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ soil
‫ﺑﺎﺑﻪﺕ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻛﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺼﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻟﻴﻦ‬
‫ﭘﻴﮕﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺸﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻳﻮﻩﺑﻪﺭﯼ‬
۲۰۱۱-۱۲-۲٥ : ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻭﺍﺭﯼ‬
balen_z@ymail.com :‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻪﻳﻮﻩﻧﺪﯼ‬
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‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﯙﻓﺎﻳﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻴﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻛﯚﻣﻪﻻﻳﻪﺗﻴﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﯚﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻭﯼ‬
Recommend 1 0
0
Messenger 0 0 0
0

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‫ﭘﺎﺭﻳﺰﺭﺍﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻓﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫©ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬

34. Liquid limit & Plastic limit (Fall cone ) test
‫ﺩﻩﺩﺭﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ASTM D 4318 ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻪﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻩﻡ‬
Liquid limit
‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻪﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭﻳﻪﻛﯽ‬ -1
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻩﺑﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻴﻜﻰ‬-2
Penetrometer-3
Can -4
( distilled water) ‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ‬40 ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻧﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﻴﻚ‬ -5
‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻴﭙﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ‬ 40 ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻳﻨﮕﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ -1
‫ﺩﻩﻛﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻭﻩﺭﺩﻩﮔﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻫﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ can ‫ﭼﻮﺍﺭ‬ -2
‫ﺑﮕﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺵ‬ 3 ‫ﺩﻩﻛﺮﻳﺖ‬

35. ‫ﺗﻴﻜﻪﻻﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺪﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ -3
‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﮔﻴﭽﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ penetrometer ‫ﻧﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻫﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻬﺎﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ -4
‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭﻭﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻬﺎﺯﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩﯼ‬
‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﯼ‬ can ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﯚﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻪﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻬﺎﺯﻩﻛﻪ‬
. ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬

36. ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﯚﺭﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻻﻡ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬ can ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻳﻜﻪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻭﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﯼ‬
‫ﺩﻩﺧﻮﻳﻨﻴﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﭽﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﺩﻩﺩﻩﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﻧﮕﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﮔﻪﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﺳﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﻧﮕﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻭﻛﯽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ cone ‫ﻧﻮﻭﻛﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻬﺎﺯﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﮔﻤﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﮔﺮﺗﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻣﻪﺭﺟﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻻﻡ‬
. ‫ﺑﻜﺎﺕ‬ contact ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ surface‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩﯼ‬
‫ﻫﻪﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﯼ‬ void ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯚﺷﺎﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭻ‬ can ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻭﻭﻣﺎﻧﻪﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺩﻳﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺭﭼﻮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻮﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﭽﻪﻛﻪ‬
penetration ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ 0.1 ‫ﻟﻴﻜﺪﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﭽﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ cone ‫ﻧﻮﻭﻛﯽ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺳﺘﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﮔﻪﺭ‬ : ‫ﺗﻴﺒﻴﻨﯽ‬
‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ can ‫ﮊﻳﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﻧﮕﻪﮔﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻭﻛﯽ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺯﯼ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﻧﺎﮔﻴﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﯙﺭ‬
. ‫ﺑﻜﺮﻳﺘﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺘﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻮﻭﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻴﺸﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩﺑﺘﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ can ‫ﻭﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ - 5
. ‫ﺑﻨﻮﻭﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺭﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﮋﻣﻴﺮ‬ ۱٦ ‫ﻣﺎﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺨﻪﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬

37. ‫ﺷﻠﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻩﺑﻪﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ - -6
‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻪﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﮔﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮﻩﺭﺑﮕﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻪﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺶ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻞ‬ ۳ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ۲ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻴﻜﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ penetration ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ : ‫ﺗﻴﺒﻴﻨﯽ‬
‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﺘﺮ‬ ۲۰
‫ﺷﻞ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﯙﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮ‬ ۲۰ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﻴﻜﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺩﻩﺧﻮﻳﻨﻴﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻩﻭﻩ‬ ۲۰ ‫ﯼ‬ penetration ‫ﻟﻪ‬ Ll ‫ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻩﻛﺮﯼ‬ extent‫ﺩﺭﻳﮋﺩﻩﻛﺮﻳﺘﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻨﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﻭﻛﺎﺗﻪﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻻﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮ‬ ۲۰ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺑﮕﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺩﻩﭼﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﭼﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﻧﮕﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬
. precedure ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ . ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻞ‬ ۳ ‫ﻭﺍﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻻﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﮔﺮﺗﻮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻞ‬ ۲ ‫ﺗﻪﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬
Liquid limit
Sample A1 Sample A2
Mass of can gram 40 40
Mass of can+ moisture soil (Mcm) gram 42.64 46.33
Mass of can + dry soil (Mcd) gram 42.02 45.17
Mass of dry soil (Ms) gram
Mass of pore water (Mw) gram
Water content %
Penetration mm 27.2 10.7
: ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﻜﻪﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
penetration
( Empty can ) ‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ + ‫ﺗﻪﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ + ‫ﻭﻭﺷﻜﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬

38. ‫ﻛﯚﺗﺎﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﻜﻪﻭﺗﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻴﺎﺭﻳﺎﻧﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬
:‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﺪﺍﻧﻪﻭﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩﺩﺍ‬
W% = Mw Ms
Where : W% = Water content
Mw = Mass of water (gm)
Ms = Mass of soil (gm)
______________________________________________________________________
‫ﺷﻴﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻴﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩﻛﺎﻧﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺑﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ Mass of can ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﺗﺎﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﺎﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺗﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺑﻮﻭ‬ ( Mass of can+ moisture soil)
‫ﻛﻴﺸﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪﻛﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻭﻧﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ (Mass of can + dry soil)
: ‫ﺑﺪﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺍﻛﺎﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬
For sample A1
Mass of dry soil ( Ms) = (Mass of can + mass of dry soil) - Mass of can
= 42.02 - 40
= 2.02 gm
Mass of pore water(Mw) =(Mass of can+ moisture soil)-(Mass of can + mass of dry soil)
= 42.64 - 42.02
= 0.62 gm
W% =( MwMs )*100
W% = (0.622.02)*100
= 30.69 %
for sample A2
Ms= Mcd - Mc ------ Ms = 45.17 - 40 = 5.17 gram
Mw= Mcm - Mcd ------ Mw =46.33 - 45.17 = 1.16 gram
W% =( MwMs )*100 ------- W% = (1.165.17)*100 ---- = 22.43 %
Sample A1 Sample A2
Mass of can gram 40 40
Mass of can+ moisture soil (Mcm) gram 42.64 46.33
Mass of can + dry soil (Mcd) gram 42.02 45.17
Mass of dry soil (Ms) gram 2.02 5.17
Mass of pore water (Mw) gram 0.62 1.16
Water content % 30.69 22.43

39. Penetration mm 27.7 10.2
water content ‫ﻭ‬ Penetration‫ﻧﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻪﻳﻮﻩﻧﺪﻳﻪﻙ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ Liquid limit ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﺘﺮﺩﻩﺑﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺮﭬﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﮋ‬ ‫ﺧﻪﺗﻴﻚ‬ 20 ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ penetration ‫ﺗﻪﻭﻩﺭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
liquid limit ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻮﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ water contnet ‫ﺗﻪﻭﻩﺭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﮋﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﺳﯚﯼ‬
LL =27.5
‫ﺧﯚﯼ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩﻳﻪﻛﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﻳﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺭﭼﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ LL ‫ﻧﺮﺧﯽ‬
LL = 28
Plastic limit
PL= 2(c)m

40. m= Icf = flow index
m ‫ﺩﯙﺯﯾﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
m= Icf = 0.500
c ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
C= 10.526
C= 10.526 m=icf = 0.500
PL= 2(c)m
Pl = 2(10.526)0.500

41. Pl=6.488
pl = 6 ( integer)
‫ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ plasticity index ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
L.L = 28 PL = 6
PI = LL - PL
PI = 28-6
PI = 22
‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺘﻜﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺑﮕﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻜﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻳﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ Liquid limit ‫ﻛﻴﺮﭬﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺘﻜﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻮﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺮﭬﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺑﻪﺕ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻛﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺼﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻟﻴﻦ‬
‫ﭘﻴﮕﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺸﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻳﻮﻩﺑﻪﺭﯼ‬
۲۰۱۱-۱۱-۲٥ : ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻭﺍﺭﯼ‬
balen_z@ymail.com :‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻪﻳﻮﻩﻧﺪﯼ‬
‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﯙﻓﺎﻳﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻴﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻛﯚﻣﻪﻻﻳﻪﺗﻴﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﯚﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻭﯼ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻮﻭﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﺕ‬ ‫ﭘﻪﻳﺎﻣﯽ‬
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42. All rights reserved © 2011­2012
‫ﭘﺎﺭﻳﺰﺭﺍﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻓﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫©ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬

43. Compaction test
‫ﺩﻩﺩﺭﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ASTM D 698 ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻪﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻩﻡ‬
( Compaction) test
‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
Mold -3 ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻩﺑﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻴﻜﻰ‬-2 ‫ﺋﻪﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭﻳﻪﻛﯽ‬ -1
Moisture can -4
hammer -6 ‫ﺧﯚﻝ‬ -5

44. ( Modify proctor test) ‫ﻭ‬ Standard proctor test ‫ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻧﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭﺩﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
‫ﻫﻪﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻴﺎﺭﻳﺎﻧﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ standard proctor test ‫ﺑﯚ‬
۳ ‫ﺳﻢ‬ ۹٤٤ = mold ‫ﻗﻪﺑﺎﺭﻩﯼ‬ -۱
‫ﭼﻴﻦ‬ 3 -۲
‫ﺳﻢ‬ 30.5= ‫ﭼﻪﻛﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﺯﯼ‬ -۳
‫ﻛﮕﻢ‬ 2.5 = ‫ﭼﻪﻛﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ -٤
‫ﭼﻴﻨﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬ 25 -٥
‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻴﭙﻪﺭﺩﻩﻛﺮﻳﺖ‬ ٤ ‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻧﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ , ‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻝ‬ - ۱
.
‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺑﻴﮋﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺵ‬
‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻣﻪﺭﺟﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻻﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻮﻭﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬
‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﻩﺭﺑﻜﻪﯼ‬ ( container) (‫ﻗﺎﭘﻪ‬ ) ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻛﮕﻢ‬ ٦ = ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ -۲
‫ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭ‬ ۸% ‫ﻳﻪﻛﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﻴﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﻪﻣﺠﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
- ۱۲% ) ‫ﺗﺮﺵ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻪﻛﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ۱۰% ‫ﺩﻭﻭﻩﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬
( ۱۸%- ۱٦% - ۱٤%
‫ﻭﻩﺭﮔﺮﺗﻮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺭﭼﺎﻭﻩﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﻪﻣﺠﺎﺭ‬
Water add in (ml) = (6000*8)100
‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﻛﻮ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﮔﺮﺗﻮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﯚﻣﺎﻥ‬ ٦ ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺸﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩﺩﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺑﻪﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ۸ ‫ﺳﻪﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﺪﺍﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﮊﻩﻡ‬
‫ﺩﻩﺭﺩﻩﭼﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﭘﻴﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﺋﻮﻩﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻗﻴﮕﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻩﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻫﯚﯼ‬

45. ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻠﻴﺘﺮ‬ ٤۸۰ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﭘﻴﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻞ‬ ٤۸۰ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻜﻪﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ -۳
‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ mold -٤
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻮﻭﺳﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻭﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻦ‬ ۳
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ mold ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬
‫ﭼﻴﻨﻴﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬ ۲٥
‫ﭼﻪﻛﻮﺷﻪﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺪﻩﺩﻩﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻭﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻨﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬ ۲٥ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺒﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ( ) ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺒﻜﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ mold ‫ﻳﻪﻛﻪﻣﯽ‬

46. ‫ﻛﻮﺗﺮﺍﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ mold ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ -٥
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻮﻭﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻴﺸﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻪﮔﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬
‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻮﺗﺮﺍﻭﻩ‬
‫ﺋﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮﻩﺭﮔﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ mold ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺭﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺷﯽ‬ ۳‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﺑﮕﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺎﺭﻳﻜﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻳﯚ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻞ‬ ۳
‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ compact soil
‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻞ‬ ۳ ‫ﻭﺍﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻩﺭﮔﺮﺗﻮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻻﻡ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺒﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺯﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﮋﻣﻴﺮ‬ ۱٦ ‫ﻣﺎﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺨﻪﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬ can ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺪﯙﺯﻩﻭﻩ‬ water content ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺭﻳﺎﻧﺒﻬﻴﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ ۸ ‫ﺳﻪﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻩﺑﻪﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬ -٦
‫ﺩﻩﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ( ‫ﻛﻮﺗﺮﺍﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ + ‫ﻣﯚﻟﺪ‬ ) ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬
. ‫ﮔﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻮﻩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻨﺠﺎ‬
( ‫ﻛﻮﺗﺮﺍﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ + ‫ﻣﯚﻟﺪ‬ ) ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﮔﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺒﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﻳﻪﻛﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻥ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﯚﺗﺎﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﯽ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺒﻜﻪﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻛﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻻﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ( ‫ﻛﻮﺗﺮﺍﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ +‫ﻣﯚﻟﺪ‬ ) ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬
: ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ( ‫ﻛﻮﺗﺮﺍﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ +‫ﻣﯚﻟﺪ‬ ) ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﯚﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﮕﻢ‬ ( 6040) ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬ -۱
‫ﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﯚﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﮕﻢ‬ (6295 ) ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬-۲

47. ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﯚﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﮕﻢ‬ (6220 ) ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬-۳
‫ﻳﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻭﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﻩﻡ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻴﻜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﻳﺮﯼ‬
‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﻭﻛﺮﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﻭﺍﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪﻛﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻭﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻮﺍﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻣﻴﺶ‬ ۳ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﮔﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻻﻡ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﻳﻜﯽ‬
compacted soil - sample no 1 2 3
moisture can number A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C3
MC - Mass of empty - clean can gram 41.6 41.6 40 42 40 41
MCMC - Mass of can + moisture soil
gram
89.7 102.5 89 101 112 118.1
MCDS - Mass of can + dry soil gram 83.7 95.3 81 91.5 97.2 102
MS - Mass of soil solids gram
MW - Mass of pore water gram
W% - Water content
AVERAGE W%
‫ﮊﻣﺎﺭﻩﻳﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻭﻩﺭﮔﺮﺗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬ : ‫ﻛﯚﺗﺎﻧﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
‫ﺩﻩﺳﺒﻜﻪﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺭﺩﺗﺮ‬
: ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﻜﻪﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
( Empty can ) ‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ + ‫ﺗﻪﺭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺗﺎﻟﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ + ‫ﻭﻭﺷﻜﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
‫ﻛﯚﺗﺎﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﻜﻪﻭﺗﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻤﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻴﺎﺭﻳﺎﻧﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬
:‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﺪﺍﻧﻪﻭﻩﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩﺩﺍ‬
W% = Mw Ms
Where : W% = Water content
Mw = Mass of water (gm)
Ms = Mass of soil (gm)
______________________________________________________________________
‫ﺷﻴﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻴﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻮﻩﻛﺎﻧﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺑﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻥ‬ Mass of can ‫ﺳﻪﺭﻩﺗﺎﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﺎﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺗﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﻩﻛﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺑﻮﻭ‬ ( Mass of can+ moisture soil)
‫ﻛﻴﺸﺎﻧﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪﻛﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻭﻧﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺖ‬ (Mass of can + dry soil)
: ‫ﺑﺪﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻭﺍﻛﺎﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﺴﺘﺎ‬
For sample 1 - A1
Mass of dry soil ( Ms) = (Mass of can + mass of dry soil) - Mass of can

48. = 83.7 - 41.6
= 42.1 gm
Mass of pore water(Mw) =(Mass of can+ moisture soil)-(Mass of can + mass of dry
soil)
= 89.7 - 83.7
= 6 gm
W% =( MwMs )*100
W% = (642.1)*100
= 14.25 %
for sample 1 - A2
Ms= Mcd - Mc ------ Ms = 95.3 - 41.6 = 53.7 gram
Mw= Mcm - Mcd ------ Mw =102.5 - 95.3 = 7.2 gram
W% =( MwMs )*100 ------- W% = (7.253.7)*100 ---- = 13.4 %
‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻣﭙﻠﻪﻛﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
Water content determination
compacted soil - sample no 1 2 3
moisture can number A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C3
MC - Mass of empty - clean can gram 41.6 41.6 40 42 40 41
MCMC - Mass of can + moisture soil
gram
89.7 102.5 89 101 112 118.1
MCDS - Mass of can + dry soil gram 83.7 95.3 81 91.5 97.2 102
MS - Mass of soil solids gram 42.1 53.7 41 49.5 57.2 61
MW - Mass of pore water gram 6 7.2 8 9.5 14.8 16.1
W% - Water content 14.25 13.4 19.5 19.19 25.87 2.39
AVERAGE W% 13.8 19.3 26.13
Density determination
Compacted soil - smaple no 1 2 3
W% - Assumed water content %8 12% %17
Actual average water content 13.8 19.3 26.13
Mass of compacted soil and mold gram 6040 6295 6220
Mass of mold gram 4380 4380 4380
Mass of soil in mold gram
wet density p gcm3
Dry density p dry gcm3
) ‫ﻟﻪﮔﻪﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻡ‬ ( ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯚﻟﺪﻩ‬ + ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻮﺗﺮﺍﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ) ‫ﺗﻪﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺗﺮﺍﻭﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
( ‫ﺗﻪﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯚﻟﺪﻩﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬
Mass of soil in mold = 6040 - 4380
=1660 gram
AND SO ON......

49. AND SO ON......
‫ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ Dry density ‫ﻭ‬ Wet density ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
Wet density for sample 1 = 1660 944
= 1.758
Dry density for sample 1 = 1.758 ( 1+0.138 )
= 1.544
AND SO ON.....
Compacted soil - smaple no 1 2 3
W% - Assumed water content %8 12% %17
Actual average water content 13.8 19.3 26.13
Mass of compacted soil and mold gram 6040 6295 6220
Mass of mold gram 4380 4380 4380
Mass of soil in mold gram 1660 1915 1840
wet density p gcm3 1.758 2.028 1.949
Dry density p dry gcm3 1.544 1.697 1.545
DRY DENSITY ‫ﻭ‬ WATER CONTENT ‫ﻧﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻪﻳﻮﻩﻧﺪﻳﻪﻙ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬

50. Max Weight density = 1.697 gcm3
16.97 KNm3
Max O.M.C = 19.3%
O.M.C = optimum moisture content
‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺑﮕﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻜﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻳﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ compaction ‫ﻛﻴﺮﭬﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺘﻜﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻮﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺮﭬﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺘﻜﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬
Modify proctor test
Standard ) ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ Modify proctore test ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
‫ﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﻤﺎﻥ‬ ( proctor test
‫ﺋﻪﻧﺠﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﭼﻪﻛﻮﺷﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﺯﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺭﺳﺘﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﻳﺪﻳﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪﻛﻮﺷﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ....... ‫ﺗﻪﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻻﻡ‬
‫ﭼﻴﻦ‬ ۳ ‫ﺟﻴﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺩﻩﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻪﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻴﺎﺭﻳﺎﻧﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ standard proctor test ‫ﺑﯚ‬
۳ ‫ﺳﻢ‬ ۹٤٤ = mold ‫ﻗﻪﺑﺎﺭﻩﯼ‬ -۱
‫ﭼﻴﻦ‬ 5 -۲
‫ﺳﻢ‬ 45.7 = ‫ﭼﻪﻛﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﺯﯼ‬ -۳
‫ﻛﮕﻢ‬ 4.54 = ‫ﭼﻪﻛﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ -٤
‫ﭼﻴﻨﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬ ۲٥ -٥
‫ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻧﮕﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﯼ‬ weight density ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﻭﺭﻩﺗﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻭﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﯼ‬ weight density ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬
‫ﭼﻪﻛﻮﺷﻪﻛﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻩﻳﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺳﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻩﻛﻪ‬ standard
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﺯﻳﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬

51. standard ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪﻛﻮﺷﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺸﻪﻛﻪﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﺯﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺟﮕﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻪﻛﻮﺷﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩﺷﺪﺍ‬
. ‫ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﻣﺎﻧﻬﻴﻨﺎ‬ proctor test
. ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺗﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﻪﻛﻪﯼ‬ weight density ‫ﺑﯚﻳﻪ‬
Water content determination
compacted soil - sample no 1 2 3
moisture can number A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C3
MC - Mass of empty - clean can gram 40 40 40 40.5 40 40
MCMC - Mass of can + moisture soil
gram
61.7 61.7 93 88.1 75 79
MCDS - Mass of can + dry soil gram 60 59.3 83.6 80.3 67.7 71.1
MS - Mass of soil solids gram 20 19.3 43.6 39.8 27.7 31.1
MW - Mass of pore water gram 1.7 1.8 9.4 7.8 7.3 7.9
W% - Water content 8.5 1.8 9.4 7.8 7.3 7.9
AVERAGE W% 8.91 20.57 25.87
Compacted soil - smaple no 1 2 3
W% - Assumed water content %8 12% %17
Actual average water content 8.91 20.57 25.87
Mass of compacted soil and mold gram 6225 6315 6190
Mass of mold gram 4375 4375 4375
Mass of soil in mold gram 1850 1940 1815
wet density p gcm3 1.959 2.055 1.922
Dry density p dry gcm3 1.798 1.704 1.526

52. Max weight density = 1.8 gcm3
O.M.C = 9 %
‫ﺭﻳﮕﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮕﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻭﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﯙﮊﻩﻳﻪﻛﯽ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻧﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻴﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﯙﮊﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺯﯙﺭ‬ .....- ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻧﺪﺍﻭﯼ‬ - ‫ﺧﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺗﻮﭼﯚﯼ‬
‫ﺋﺎﺳﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﻪﻳﺸﺘﯚﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻬﺎﺗﻮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﯚﺗﺎﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻧﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﺯﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﯚﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﯚﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﻪﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﺵ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻫﺎﺗﻮﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻭﺍﻛﺮﺍﻭ‬
‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺑﮕﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺋﻴﻜﺴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻳﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ compaction ‫ﻛﻴﺮﭬﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺘﻜﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﻩﻛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺋﻮﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﯼ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺮﭬﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﺳﺘﻜﺮﺩﻧﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺑﻪﺕ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻛﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺼﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻟﻴﻦ‬
‫ﭘﻴﮕﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺸﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻳﻮﻩﺑﻪﺭﯼ‬
۲۰۱۲-۱-۱۰ : ‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺭﻭﺍﺭﯼ‬
balen_z@ymail.com :‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻪﻳﻮﻩﻧﺪﯼ‬
​
‫ﺋﺎﻣﺎﺩﻩﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﯙﻓﺎﻳﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻴﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻛﯚﻣﻪﻻﻳﻪﺗﻴﻪﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﯚﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﺳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻪﺭﻩﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻭﯼ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻮﻭﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﺕ‬ ‫ﭘﻪﻳﺎﻣﯽ‬
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54. Sand cone test
‫ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻧﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﮋﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻧﻴﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭﺩﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﯚﻟﻪ‬ unit weight ‫ﺩﯙﺯﻳﻨﻪﻭﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻡ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﻳﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻴﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﺒﻪﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻣﻴﺮﻳﻜﯽ‬ sand cone device -۱
‫ﻧﺎﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺍﺑﻴﺘﻪﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻪﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻪﻳﻪﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻭﺷﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺭﻳﻜﯽ‬ ottawa snad‫ﺳﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺋﯚﺗﺎﻭﺍ‬-۲
‫ﻓﺮﻥ‬
‫ﭼﻪﻛﻮﺵ‬-۳
‫ﮔﻪﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪﻭﭼﻜﻴﻜﯽ‬ -٤
‫ﺑﺰﻣﺎﺭ‬ -٥
‫ﺭﻭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺋﺎﻭﯼ‬ ‫ﺯﻩﻟﻔﻴﻜﯽ‬ -٦
‫ﺋﻪﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻪﺭﺍﺯﻭﻳﻪﻛﯽ‬ -۷
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻩﺑﺎﻳﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻴﻜﯽ‬ -۸
moisture can -۹
‫ﻫﻪﻟﺒﻜﻪﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻟﻪﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺋﻪﻭﻩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﯚ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﮋ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﻴﻜﯽ‬-۱۰
base plate-۱۱