Services in high rise buildings, Teipei tower, Taiwan

1. SERVICES IN HIGH RISE
ASTHA AGARWAL
4 – C
SSAA
TAIPEI 101

2. Taipei 101 – stylized as TAIPEI 101 and formerly
known as the Taipei World Financial Center – is
a landmark supertall skyscraper in Xinyi
District, Taipei, Taiwan. The building was
officially classified as the world's tallest in 2004,
and remained such until the completion of Burj
Khalifa in Dubai in 2009.
Type Commercial offices
Architectural style Postmodern
Location Xinyi District
Taipei, Taiwan
Construction started 1999
Completed 2004
Opening 31 December 2004
Cost NT$ 58 billion
(US$1.934 billion)
PROJECT DETAILS

3. Owner/Develop
er
Taipei Financial Center Corporation
Architect
• Design C.Y. Lee & Partners
Architects/Planners
Structural Engineer
• Design Evergreen Consulting Engineering;
Thornton Tomasetti
MEP Engineer
• Design Continental Engineering
Consultants, Inc.
• Peer Review Lehr Engineering
Project
Manager
Turner International LLC
Standing in the Xinyi District of Taipei, an area known for its financial services
and vibrant shopping malls, TAIPEI 101 represents a worldwide precedent for
sustainable skyscraper development. It achieved a LEED Platinum certification
for Operations and Maintenance in 2011, an impressive feat for a tower of its
size and complexity.

4. Other Consultant
• Acoustics Shen Milsom Wilke, Inc.
• Building
Monitoring
Kinemetrics Inc.
• Façade ALT Limited
• Landscape Genius Loci
• Lighting Theo Kondos
• Vertical
Transportation
Lerch Bates
• Wind RWDI
• (not specified) Motioneering
Material Supplier
• Cladding Permasteelisa Group
• Construction
Hoists
Alimak Hek
• Elevator Toshiba Elevator and Building Systems
Corporation (TELC)
• Façade
Maintenance
Equipment
CoxGomyl
• Fire Proofing Grace Construction Products
• Flooring CS Group Construction Specialties
Company
• HVAC Carrier; York
• Sealants Dow Corning Corporation
• Steel China Steel Corporation; Nippon Steel &
Sumitomo Metal Corporation

5. The tower rises from its base in a series of eight-story modules that flare outward, evoking the
form of a Chinese pagoda. The top of each module houses mechanical floors that accommodate
garbage systems, ventilation equipment, water storage, and MEP services. Near the top, a
smaller tower caps the structure, forming a pinnacle that has become a familiar sight for the
city. The façade of the tower features double-paned green glass curtain walls that are highly
reflective and block solar heat gain by 50 percent. Other sustainable features include energy
efficient luminaries, custom lighting controls, low-flow water fixtures, and a smart Energy
Management and Control System.

6. HEIGHT
Taipei 101 comprises 101 floors above ground, as
well as 5 basement levels. It was not only the first
building in the world to break the half-kilometer
mark in height, but also the world's tallest
building from March 2004 to 10 March 2010.
Base of the tower.
Upon its completion, Taipei 101 was the world's
tallest inhabited building, at 509.2 m (1,671 ft) as
measured to its height architectural top (spire),
exceeding the Petronas Towers, which were
previously the tallest inhabited skyscraper at
451.9 m (1,483 ft). The height to the top of the
roof, at 449.2 m (1,474 ft), and highest occupied
floor, at 439.2 m (1,441 ft), surpassed the previous
records of 442 m (1,450 ft) and 412.4 m (1,353 ft),
respectively; the Willis Tower had previously held
that distinction.

7. 1,010 meters per minute The World's
Fastest Elevators
The world fastest elevator* was introduced by
Toshiba. It is able to run at a speed of
1010m/min, which is equivalent to 60.6km/h.
Toshiba has made significant improvements of
technology by successfully developed elevators
that able to travel against the gravity at the
mentioned high speed without sacrificing the
riding comfort and the safety of passengers.
This technology definitely would be treasured
as references for the future developments.
Entrance of the Observation Elevators
Escalators in Shopping Mall Interior of Passenger Elevator

8. APPLICATIONS
Ultra High Speed Elevator
Ultra High Speed Elevator was
introduced by Toshiba. It is able to
run at a speed of 1010m/min,
which is equivalent to 60.6km/h.
Toshiba has made significant
improvements of technology by
successfully developed elevators
that able to travel against the
gravity at the mentioned high
speed without sacrificing the riding
comfort and the safety of
passengers. This technology
definitely would be treasured as
references for the future
developments.

9. The elevators are the fastest in the world, rising
at 1010 meters per minute (60.48 km/hour) and
descending at 610 m/min (36.6 km/hour). The
top speeds are 34 percent faster than the
previous world's fastest elevators in Yokohama
Landmark Tower.

10. Toshiba Elevator and Buildings Systems Corporation has installed two
elevators with speed of 1010m/min (60.6km/h) for TAIPEI 101. These
elevators are officially approved by the Guinness World Records as the
fastest elevator* in the world. The development of the world's fastest
elevator* has pushes the limits of technology. Toshiba took the challenges
and introducing solutions of the fastest ride to the passengers without
neglecting the safety and riding comfort.

11. RWDI designed a 660-tonne (728-short-ton) steel pendulum that serves as a tuned
mass damper, at a cost of NT$132 million (US$4 million). Suspended from the 92nd
to the 87th floor, the pendulum sways to offset movements in the building caused by
strong gusts. Its sphere, the largest damper sphere in the world, consists of 41
circular steel plates of varying diameters, each 125 mm (4.92 in) thick, welded
together to form a 5.5 m (18 ft) diameter sphere.
TAIPEI 101 contains a 728-ton tuned mass
damper (TMD), a large spherical steel
pendulum that offsets lateral movements
caused by strong winds. The TMD is located in
a large multi-story cavity near the top of the
tower. This location is ideal for countering
overturning forces, a necessary precaution in a
typhoon-prone part of the world.

12. STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Taipei 101 is designed to withstand
the typhoon winds and earthquake tremors that
are common in the area east of Taiwan. Evergreen
Consulting Engineering, the structural engineer,
designed Taipei 101 to withstand gale winds of 60
metres per second (197 ft/s), (216 km/h or
134 mph), as well as the strongest earthquakes in
a 2,500-year cycle.
Location of Taipei 101's
largest tuned mass damper
Taipei 101 was designed to be flexible as well
as structurally resistant, because while
flexibility prevents structural damage,
resistance ensures comfort for the occupants
and for the protection of glass, curtain walls,
and other features.

13. The Technology of Providing Riding Comfort
to Passengers - Car System
Vibration and noise increases along with the speed of elevator. To provide
passengers comfortable riding experiences, we must overcome these two major
obstacles.
Criteria such as car design and atmospheric pressure control are taken into
consideration. We go through plans, investigations, simulations and inspections in
order to develop the solutions for a comfortable high-speed elevator car system.
The World's First Atmospheric Control System
The distance from the 1st floor to the 89th
floor is 382.2m and the difference in
atmospheric is about 48 hPa . The sudden
change of pressure will cause discomfort to the
passengers in the elevator. Other than
maintaining the air tightness in the car, Toshiba
has introduced a pressure control system for
the first time in the world to an elevator
system to give air into the car and emit air
from the car.

14. ACTIVE MASS DAMPER
The elevator tends to vibrate whenever the
elevator travels in high speed or 2 elevators
travel in different condition. In order to
overcome this problem, Toshiba developed an
anti vibration device named, Active Mass
Damper. Once the sensor detects vibration, the
counterweight will move to opposite direction
to ease the vibration. The application of Active
Mass Damper has reduces 20% (and above) of
the momentary vibration of the elevator car.

15. REDUCING NOISE-AERODYNAMIC CAPSULE
When elevator travels in a narrow shaft at high
speed, wind sheer occurs. After analysis of the
airflow in the hoistway and the surface pressure of
the capsule, Aerodynamic capsule is employed to
reduce wind sheer. Due to the reduction of sealing
material at car door and application of wedge-
shaped spoilers on the capsules, most of the airflow
generated flows toward the sides and back of the
car when the car travels.
REDUCING VIBRATION- ROLLER GUIDE
Elevator will experienced shaking force during
high speed, running along the distorted or
undulated guide rails, A new type of roller guide
is used to isolate shaking force and absorb the
vibration with proper allocation of forcing spring
and having the optimum balance weight Thus,
the application of the improved roller guide leads
to a more comfortable ride.

16. TRACTION MACHINE
The traction machine used is a newly developed twin-
winding permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM )
with standard 168kW output ( highest is 1168kW) for 24
passengers. The traction machine consist a special frame
to eliminate electromagnetic vibration that is greatly
contribute to quiet operation when the elevator is
traveling at speed of 1010m/min. Besides, Toshiba has
developed a dual, multi-stage vibration-isolating structure
for the traction machine to improve vibration suppression.

18. Interior
• Taipei 101 is the first record-setting
skyscraper to be constructed in the
21st century. It exhibits a number of
technologically advanced features.
• The original 2004 fibre-
optic and satellite
Internet connections permitted
transfer speeds up to a gigabyte per
second.
• The double-deck elevators built by
the Japanese Toshiba Elevator and
Building Systems Corporation
(TELC) set a new record in 2004
with top ascending speeds of
16.83 m (55.22 ft) per second .

19. Construction
• 380 piles with 3 inch concrete slab.
•Mega columns- 8 cm thick steel & 10,000
psi concrete infill to provide for overturning.
•Walls - 5 & 7 degree slope.
•106,000 tons of steel, grade 60- 25%
stronger.
•6 cranes on site – steel placement.
•Electrical & Mechanical.
•Braced core with belt trusses
•Curtain wall placement.

20. The structure concentrates main
loads in two, generally 3 x 2.4-m
vertical mega columns, 22.5 m apart
along each face, almost touching the
sloping perimeter wall at its base.
Main floor girders connect each mega
column through moment connections
with a core corner column along the
same gridline, forming a tick-tack-toe
board .The 22.5-m-square core
comprises 16 box columns in four
lines, which are generally fully braced
between floors. Composite floors are
typically 13.5 cm thick.

21. •Gravity loads are carried vertically by a
variety of columns.
•Within the core, sixteen columns are
located at the crossing points of four lines
of bracing in each direction.
•The columns are box sections constructed
of steel plates, filled with concrete for
added strength as well as stiffness till the
62nd floor.
•On the perimeter, up to the 26th floor,
each of the four building faces has two
‘super columns,’ two ‘sub-super-columns,’
and two corner columns.
•Each face of the perimeter above the 26th
floor has the two ‘super-columns’ continue
upward.
•The ‘super-columns’ and ‘sub-super-
columns’ are steel box sections, filled with
10,000 psi (M70) high performance
concrete on lower floors for strength and
stiffness up to the 62nd floor.

22. Lateral Loading System
• For additional core stiffness, the
lowest floors from basement to the
8th floor have concrete shear
walls cast between core columns
in addition to diagonal braces.
• The most of the lateral loads will be
resisted by a combination of braced
cores, cantilevers from the core to the
perimeter, the super columns and the
Special moment resisting frame (SMRF).
Column System

23. Structural facade
• Taipei 101's characteristic blue-green
glass curtain walls are double paned and
glazed
• They offer heat and UV protection
sufficient to block external heat by 50
percent, and can sustain impacts of 7
tonnes.
• .The façade system of glass and
aluminium panels installed into an inclined
moment-resisting lattices contributes to
overall lateral rigidity by tying back to the
mega-columns with one-story high trusses
at every eighth floor.
• This façade system is therefore able to
withstand up to 95mm of seismic lateral
displacements without damage.

24. Towering above the city like the gigantic
bamboo stalk it was designed to resemble,
Taipei 101 is impossible to miss. At 508m,
Taipei 101 held the title of 'world's tallest
building' for a number of years. Until 2011 it
held the title of the world's tallest green
building.
Taipei 101 is a must see when in Taipei
as it's easy to visit and it's always nice
to be able to say that you've been to
the top of the 2nd tallest building in
the world. From the high speed
elevator to the 730-ton damper ball
near the top of the building (to
counteract the wind); feats of
engineering such as these are always
interesting to see and experience.
As earthquake waves pass up through
the structure, the ball remains all but
stationary; its inertia helps to
counteract the movements of the
building around it, thus “dampening”
the earthquake.

25. GREEN AIR CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGY
Taipei 101 is the world’s third tallest green building at 1,667 feet (508m). It has
received two special sustainability awards: “World’s Tallest Green Building” and
LEED certification in Platinum, titles it still holds today.
The building houses 11,000 workers and ice is produced from within to keep
them cool during hot and humid Taipei summers. Taipei 101 uses two dozen
giant refrigerators to cool down the building. The novel method of cooling the
building saves its operators €540,000 a year.
Another green highlight
is the building’s roof and
façade water recycling
system that meets 20 to
30% of the building’s
water needs.

26. Conclusion
Taipei 101 is a record breaking extraordinary
structure which has been the tallest building
in the world from 2004-2010 over-coming the
height of Petronas Towers by 58m. It has been
the symbol of excellence and technology for
Taiwan. It is the structure which is flexible
enough to withstand earthquake and strong
enough to resist typhoon winds. The
engineers and the designers of Taipei 101
have gone beyond the expectations and
imagination of human mind to construct this
mega marvel. There are many mega-
structures under construction and being
constructed but Taipei 101 still maintains its
uniqueness and variation.

27. THANKYOU