this is the presentation regarding clockless chip

1. Clockless chip
by Archisman Banik
CSE 3A
ROLL 13
ENROLLMENT NO –
12018009019215

2. INTRODUCTION
CLOCKED CHIP
PROBLEMS WITH
CLOCKED CHIPS
HOW CLOCKLESS
WORK
CLOCKLESS
ADVANTAGES
CLOCKLESS
DISADVANTAGES
RECENT COMMERCIAL
INTEREST
ADVANTAGES OF
CLOCKED CHIPS
CLOCKLESS CHIP

3. INTRODUCTION

4. INTRODUCTION
Struggle forthe improvement in the
microprocessor’s performance/functioning.
•Pipelining
•(Simultaneous) Multithreading
•Clockless / Asynchronous logic
} SYNCHRONOUS
CONCEPT OF CLOCK
The systemclock foran integrated circuit is a voltage signal that
pulses ata regular frequency.
1
0
The clock tells each stage of acircuit that the inputs of that stage
are valid and can be processed.

5. CLOCKEDCHIPS
The chip’s clock is an oscillating
crystal that vibrates at a regular frequency,
depending on the voltage applied. This
frequency is measured in gigahertz or
megahertz.
All the chip’s work is
synchronized via the clock,which sends
its signals out along all circuits and
controls the registers.

6. ADVANTAGES
•An advantage of synchronous chips
is that the order in which signals arrive
doesn’t matter.
•All components operate exactlyonce perclock tick.
•Component outputs need tobereadybynext clock
tick allows “glitchy” or incorrect outputs between clock
ticks.
•And it is easier todetermine the maximum
performance of a clocked system.

7. • Clock distribution: requires significant
designer effort.o Wastage of energy.
•Clock burns large fraction of chip
power(~40-70%).
•Fixed clock rate: poor match for
•Traverse the chip’s longest wires in one
clock cycle.
•Orderof arrival of the signals is
unimportant.
•Distributing the clock globally.
PROBLEMSWITH CLOCKS
(SYNCHRONOUSAPPROACH)
 designing reusable components
 interfacing with mixed-timing
environments

8. CLOCKLESS CHIPS

9. WHATIS A CLOCKLESS CHIP?
•Clockless processors,also called asynchronousor
self-timed, don’t usethe oscillating crystalthat
servesas the regularly“ticking” clock that paces
the work doneby traditional synchronous
processors.
•Ratherthanwaiting fora clock tick,
clockless-chip elements
hand off theresultsoftheir work as soon as they
are finished.
•Functionsaway from theclock.
•Different parts work at different speeds.
•Hand-off the resultimmediately.

10. HOW CLOCKLESS CHIPS WORK
• No centralized clock required.
• Data moves only when required,
not always.
• Minimizes power consumption.
• Less EMI less noise more
applications.
• Stream data applications.
• Useshandshakesignals for the
data exchange

11. CONTINUED…..

12. HOWHANDSHAKING WORKS
PROCESSING
DATA
IDLE
STAGE 1 STAGE 2
REQUEST
DATA
TRANSMITTING
DATA
RECEIVING
DATA
ACKNOWLEDGE
PROCESSING
DATA
IDLE

13. CLOCKLESS
ADVANTAGES
2
1
Works at increased speed
(2.8 times).
Low power
consumption.
3
Less heat generated. Good
to mobile devices.
4
Less EMI (Electromagnetic
Inteference) , less noise

14. CLOCKLESS DISADVANTAGES
.
Interfacing between synchronous and asynchronous Many devices available now
are synchronous in nature. Special circuits are needed to align them.
Lack of expertise.
Lack of tools.
Engineers are not trained in these fields.

15. RECENT COMMERCIAL INTEREST
Several commercial asynchronous chips:
•Philips: asynchronous 80c51 microcontrollers
•Univ. of Manchester: async ARM996HS processor [2006]
•Motorola: async divider in PowerPC chip [2000]
• HAL: async floating-point divider
Recent experimental chips:
• IBM, Sun and Intel:
• IBM/Columbia/UNC: asynchronous digital FIR filter Several
recent startups
• Theseus Logic, Fulcrum, Self-Timed Solutions

16. 1.Clocks are getting faster , while
chips are getting bigger both of
which make clock distribution
harder .
2.There are also various other
problems associated with it.
Sowe could only get out of it ,
ifmore focus , especially at the
university level is given tothe
asynchronous design.
3.It is certainly a challenge , but
as software community is
moving towards concurrency,
hardware community must
move toincorporate
asynchronous logic
CONCLUSION

17. • Google
• Wikipedia
• www.technologyreview.com
• www.seminarprojects.com
• www.slideshares.net
• www.handshakesolutions.com
REFERENCES

18. THANK YOU