This presentation introduces a brief idea about ophthalmology science

1. By
Introduction to
Ophthalmology
Dr. Amr Mounir
Lecturer of ophthalmology
Sohag University

2. Anatomy
Physiology
History
Examination

12. General health and systemic diseases:
DM,HTN, connective tissue disease, drugs…
Past ocular history: surgeries, trauma, glasses,
lasers, eye drops
Profile of the patient
Chief complaint…

13. Abnormal appearance:
-Lids
-Redness
-Discharge

18. Pain:
Foreign body sensation
Itching & discomfort
Deep severe pain
Eye strain
Headache

19. Disturbance of vision
Blurred vision
Loss of vision
Diplopia
Photopsia and haloes
Floaters
Visual field

20. Discharge
Watery
Mucoid
Mucopurulent
Secretion Vs drainage

21. Sticky eye but clear vision conjunctivitis‑

31. Visual Acuity
Central vision
Macula
Best corrected

33. Visual acuity tests in verbal children
Kay single picture Multiple pictures
Sheridan-Gardiner Sonksen-Silver
At age 3 years (matching tests)
At age 2 years (naming pictures)

34. External examination
•Lids
•Misalignment
•Redness
•Corneal opacity

35. 1st
image: anterior corneal surface
2nd
image: posterior corneal surface
3rd
image: anterior lens surface
4th
image: posterior lens surface, real, against
movement

40. Fluorescein stain
Rose bengal

43. Central, regular, reactive, round
Direct Vs indirect
Swinging light reflex, RAPD

46. Anticholinergic: Tropicamide, cyclopentolate,
atropine.
Adrenergic agonists: phenylephrine,
adrenaline
Topical anesthetic
cycloplegia

47. Extraocular motility
Muscle balance

49. Confrontation
Perimetry

50. Direct ophthalmoscope
Dialated pupils NB angle closure
Disc: cup/colour/contour
Macula
Blood vessels
Periphery

55. FFA
Perimetry
Ultrasound
CT
MRI

61. Thank you