This document discusses the relation between teeth and eye diseases. It summarizes common eye examination techniques used to assess visual acuity at different ages. It then outlines some common causes of vision loss like cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration. The document concludes by noting that dental professionals and eye doctors should work together to catch vision-threatening conditions earlier through appropriate medical referrals.
3. NORMAL
VISUAL
RESPONSE
AGE VISUAL RESPONSE
Newborn Light perception
1 month Fixates and follows interesting bright coloured
objects
3 -4 months Binocular vision
6 months Reach objects using vision
9 months Search for toys
2 years Picture matching
4. FIXATION TARGETS (fix and follow) :
If appropriate targets are used, this reflex can be demonstrated
by about 6 wk of age.
Binocular fixation preference :
5. OPTICOKINETIC NYSTAGMUS :
Evaluation of the presence or absence of opticokinetic nystagmus was
the first “technologic” approach to acuity measurement in preverbal
children.
6. VISUAL ACUITY
Rules
It is a test for central vision only
Start with one eye (uniocular)
Good illuminated chart with higher contrast
21. Glaucoma
Progressive loss of
Nerve fiber layer at
ONH (increased
cupping)
Can lead to
peripheral visual
field loss
Sometimes caused
by elevated
intraocular
pressure
23. Macular Degeneration
#1 cause of blindness in
Americans over
age 65
Theorized link to
o UV light exposure
o subsequent release of free
radicals
o oxidation within retinal
tissues
24. Retinal Detachment
Flashing lights in peripheral
vision
New floaters—black spots or
‘cobwebs’
Peripheral scotoma—dark
shadow or “curtain” blocking
vision
38. What should I do if I am
exposed to the blood of a
patient?
39.
40. Working Together
• Together we can catch vision threatening conditions earlier
• Glad to answer questions
• Always happy to take
your calls
Editor's Notes
Vasculitis of middle sized a.
Epinephrine counteracts the vasodilatory effects of a local anesthetic, reducing systemic absorption and toxicity, prolonging the duration of its effect, and providing a bloodless field for surgical procedures
Epinephrine that reaches the orbit can induce vasoconstriction of the ophthalmic or ciliary arteries.