Damascus Governorate Experience In Private Sector Participation in solid waste management - 2005

1. Damascus Governorate Experience In
Private Sector Participation in solid
waste management
Eng. Amir AlBoukhari
Damascus 7 – 9/2/2005
METAP
Regional Solid waste management project
For East and West Countries

3. The Method that followed in this research is
answer for two important questions
1- Why local governorate and societies to communicate
with private sector to offer this important services to citizens
nevertheless that cities and municipalities offered this
services for long time and that was single way for collect
solid waste and getting rid of ?
2- Why local governorate obey to private sector
communication ? And what reason that pay local
governorate choose this important and conclusive decision?

4. Introduction:
- Old human wasn’t care of get rid of waste because he
was ferequetive movement .
- In the past they got rid of waste in many ways
*Wood substance and burning ability ones, used as
fuel for warmer and bathrooms.
* Output ash that named (kasermal), used as building
item.
* Old cloth collected then made from them rugs and
bag for perfumers other old cloth used for filling shoes
and we called worker (Kharqi)
* What worker collected from streets and courts
moved by livestock the sell to farmer after that workers
soured them and used as dressing (The name of worker
in this job is Sowadia)

5. Why Participate Private Sector?
Cities and municipalities give a huge attention for
general cleaning and getting rid of waste ,but they
suffered from:
1- money armory poverty to give every one in city services
(reduction cost)
2- worker productivity was small for many reasons , such
as : concrete case, bad outlook and less in health
equipment.
3- un expedience vehicle and bad for jobs and failure
possibility in maintenance .
4- In general less and armory cooperation from inhabitants
and they don’t pay clean task and decrease their waste.
5- un study expansion for cities (random habitation)

6. In front this problems and difficulties
that face governments was necessary
to search in possible ways to manage
what can to management to
insurance best services and many
choices face this government this
choices:

7. First Choice
• Increase worker strength size and
insurance new vehicle and development
suite with inhabitant increase that take
service and this choice un suitable with a
lot of government because budget
problems and bands on appointments , in
addition to annoyance for works
productivity .

8. Second Choice :
• Improvement work exercises and worker
strength productivity and worker strength
productivity and vehicles exploitation in
good forms, this choice id difficult in
many cities because old exercise ( worker
works in another jobs, assumed health
rests, vehicles abeyance ) in addition to
difficulty outlook and difficulty in worker
catalyze

9. Third Choice:
• In front this push was necessary for
governorate to test private sector uses in
solid waste management by private
companies or apart corporation this
experiment affirmed activity in this
Participation that make good services and
less cost.

10. Development private sector work
in Damascus
• Serve livestock and drager vehicles
(Tanaber) for transfer waste
• Serve worker aonly
• Serve automatic machines for
collecting (Dunbers)
• Serve small trucks to collect waste
• Undertaking of transfer waste from
transfer station.
• Undertakings of countries clean.

11. Current and under ratification contracts
contract Estimated
statement
duration Beginning date index
Dummar contract 126.472 3 years 1/11/2001 In process
Mountainous area 92.527 3 years 27/11/2002 In process
Waste transferring 95.352 3 years 8/3/2004 In process
Rent 30 small
machines
23.542 3 years 15/7/2004 In process
Rent 12 small
machines
2.628 1 year 1/2/2005 In process
Bus station
cleaning
9.636 1 year 13/10/2004 In process
Old town cleaning 102.897 3 years ---------- Under ratification
Tadamon cleaning 116.727 3 years ----------- Under
advertisement

12. First:
Dummar and
its suburb
contract

13. • Inhabitant near : 280000
• waste amount that
collected every day 135 ton

14. NumberEmployment
10Driver
120Clean worker
10Another collected
machine
1Supervisor car
1Bike
Cleanliness Directorate was serviced this
places before projects by:

15. Annual Cost of services as in chart :
RemarksCostItem
Every worker costs (9650 S.P.) monthly15054000 S.P.Worker and driver salaries
Every vehicle consumes (20) liters of
diesel fuel daily
511000 S.P.Fuel for waste collecting vehicles
Every vehicle consumes (350) liters of
benzene daily
105000
S.P.
Fuel for waste supervisor vehicles
Every motorbike consumes (30) liters of
benzene monthly
9000
S.P.
Fuel for motorbikes
1500000S.P.
The maintenance and container repairing and
different expenses
17.179.000 S.P.Total

16. But in this bond :
NumberEmployment
8Management
17Driver
275Clean worker
16Another collected machine
1Supervisor car
3Bike
32.000.000 s.pAnnual cost

17. But if Damascus governorate did the same services
which the contractor is doing (with add worker as
1.15% to cover week end) , the annual cost would
be:
RemarksCostItem
Every worker costs (9650 S.P.) monthly39951000 S.P.Worker and driver salaries
Every vehicle consumes (20) liters of
diesel fuel daily
868700 S.P.Fuel for waste collecting vehicles
Every vehicle consumes (350) liters of
benzene daily
90000
S.P.
Fuel for waste supervisor vehicles
Every motorbike consumes (30) liters of
benzene monthly
27000
S.P.
Fuel for motorbikes
42.436.700
S.P.
The maintenance and container repairing and
different expenses
17.179.000 S.P.Total

18. if Damascus governorate did the
same services which the contractor
is doing , it well pay increase in cost:
42436700 – 32000000 = 10436700 s.p
That costs increase with private
sector : 32.6%

19. articulate
devolvement in
cleaning level

20. Cleanliness Directorate carried out a questionnaire about the cleanliness state in
Dummar and Dummar suburb regions. The following table shows the results of
this questionnaire :
Question Percentage
What do you think about the cleanliness state in
your region ?
Very good Good Moderate Bad
35.2% 31.2% 9.6% 17.6%
What is your opinion about the commitment of
inhabitant to cleanliness rules?
Very good Good Moderate Bad
10.4% 22.4% 30.4% 17.6%
What is your opinion about the cooperation of
cleanliness workers?
Very good Good Moderate Bad
19.2% 24.8% 19.2% 13.6%
Inhabitant opinion about acceptance of private
sector
yes no
76.8% 1.6%
Inhabitant suggestion of contracting continuation.
yes no
76% 2.4%
Are you ready to cooperation to increase cleanliness
state in your region?
37.6% 26.4% no answer

21. Second:
mountainous
area cleaning
projects:
In Rukn
Aldeen and
Almuhajreen

22. • Inhabitant in contractor area
22500 no.
• Output Waste average :
110 ton every day

23. Area difficulty
was main reason
to contract private
sector in it:

24. Cleanliness directorate services this
areas by:
NumberItem
100Worker
15Driver
11Waste collecting vehicle
12Small waste collecting vehicle (Suzuki)
15Carrying animal (mule)
1Car
1Motorbike
66Container

25. In this chart we see that costs of
Damascus governorate service as seen
in next chart:
RemarksCostItem
Every worker costs (9650 S.P.)
monthly
13317000 S.P.Worker and driver salaries
Every vehicle consumes (20) liters of diesel
fuel daily
562100 S.P.Fuel for waste collecting vehicles
Every vehicle costs (550 S.P.) daily
2409000
S.P.
Contract of hiring (Suzuki) vehicles
Every animal costs (348 S.P.) daily1905300 S.P.Contract of hiring carrying animal
Every car consumes (350) liters of benzene
monthly
105000S.P.Fuel for cars
Every motorbike consumes (30) liters of
benzene monthly
9000
S.P.
Fuel for motorbikes
Every container costs (8000 S.P.)528000 S.P.Offering containers
1500000S.P.
The maintenance and container repairing and
different expenses
20335400 S.P.Total

26. But in this contractor :
NumberItem
200Worker
37Driver
17Waste collecting vehicle
20
Small waste collecting vehicle
(Suzuki)
2Car
3Motorbike
66Container
27172242 S.P.Annual total cost

27. But if Damascus governorate did the same services which
the contractor is doing (with add worker as 1.15% to
cover week end) , the annual cost would be:
RemarksCostItem
Every worker costs (9650 S.P.) monthly31561290 S.P.Worker and driver salaries
Every vehicle consumes (20) liters of
diesel fuel daily
868700 S.P.Fuel for waste collecting vehicles
Every vehicle consumes (10) liters of
benzene daily
1825000
S.P.
Fuel for waste (Suzuki) vehicles
Every car consumes (300) liters of
benzene monthly
180000
S.P.
Fuel for cars
Every motorbike consumes (30) liters of
benzene monthly
27000
S.P.
Fuel for motorbikes
Every container costs (8000 S.P.)528000 S.P.Offering containers
1500000S.P.
The maintenance and container repairing and
different expenses
36489990 S.P.Total

28. if Damascus governorate did the
same services which the contractor
is doing , it well pay increase in cost:
36489990 – 27172242 = 9.317.748 s.p
That costs increase with private
sector : 34.3%

29. Cleaning and
transferring
24/24

30. Cleanliness Directorate carried out a questionnaire about the cleanliness state
in Rukin Aldin Region after the private sectors had started doing the cleanliness
services in this region. The following table shows the results of this
questionnaire :
Question Percentage
What do you think about the
cleanliness state in your region ?
Very good Good Moderate Bad No answer
73 % 19 % 7 % 0 % 1 %
Do you think that the cleanness state
has improved in your region?
Well Noticeably No change Worse No answer
75 % 24 % 1 % 0 % 0 %
What is your opinion about the
commitment of the inhabitants to
cleanliness rules ?
Very good Good Moderate Bad No answer
23 % 14 % 34 % 27 % 2 %
What is your opinion about the
cooperation of the inhabitants in
keeping their region clean?
Very good Good Moderate Bad No answer
26 % 27 % 34 % 11 % 2 %
Are you ready to cooperate in keeping
your region clean ?
yes no No answer
95 % 0 % 5 %

31. Third: waste transferring
from waste transfer station in Ehda Ashareia
to waste management factory (40 Km)
Transfer cost for 1 ton in 1994 150 s.p
Transfer cost for 1 ton in 2004 65 s.p
From general sector
company to private
sector company

32. Waste transfer
station in
Ehda
Ashareeia
East of
Damascus

33. Private Sector Participation in solid
waste management
• Solid waste sorting station in Damascus
rural governorate.
• Solid waste sorting station in Damascus
*station make
*set station
*recycle old item.
* employment local worker
* tasks to governorate

34. Sorting station in
Damascus rural
500 tons of waste
every say
Everclean copany

35. Positives of private sector
paticipation:
• Flexible management
• Avoiding routine
• Make administrators rules as good way
• Competition
• Reducing the costs.
• The ability to develop the work

36. Negative of private sector participation:
1- employment unqualified workers technically and
physically
2- instability of workers and changing them.
3- complaints of some inhabitants of unanswered
application
4- domination of gain over the basic aim of contracting.
5- the necessity to concentrate supervising and observing
over undertaker.
6-experience weakness in work.
7- Anxiety of undertaker’s withdrawing of work for special
reasons.
8- Do not paying attention to professional sanitation
subject.

37. Indicia of Private Sector Participation
• Build local ability to improve artistry
specification within competition between
companies and make quite outlook to reach
comparing in servicing
• Build local ability to improve servicing in general
sector within competition with private sector
• Build local ability to attainment proceeds by
improve works system in task part
• Small contractors allow competition and allow
to share with medium and small companies
• Conjunction agreements and contractors with
prices law help to get winning.

38. • Continuation outlook and task in contractors that stop
competences less and drowsiness
• Agreement include environmental conditions and work
safety for workers
• It mustn't be un look participation to private sector
• Agreement include laws to make level of participation
with people in solid waste management and task any
dissenter
• Definition agreement with private companies that
follow activities and experience
• There are period to agreement with private companies
allow investment consumption (machines and builds)
• Private monopolies is over task and un workable as in
government monopolies.

39. The procedure to guaranty ability
of private sector
• It must to take ability steps to build connection channels
between private sector with government directions
• It must be coordination between government system and
private sector system.
• Local government must be insurance guidance to private
sector companies about artistry sides but work skills came
from other sources
• Basic and general Participation in solid waste management
and increasing general consciousness
• Sharing cooperation between local governments and private
sector can help to definition problems before it enlarge and
be difficult management
• naught retardation in pay private companies
• Set un permissive investment because it execute to un equal
competition

40. The government measures to
facilitate contracting:
1- reducing the contract first and final deposits
from 5 and 10% to 2 and 3%.
2-book of general condition for solid waste
management.
3- cleanliness law
4- The master plan of solid waste management
5- facility to input collect and transfer machines

41. Thanks For Listening