Master plan1

1
SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
MASTER PLAN
IN SYRIA
ENGINEER
AMIR ALBOUKHARI

Syrian master plan of waste management: Seminars
Introduction:
Solid wastes represent one of aggravating problems which face the
administrative unites in Syria.
The lack of financial incomes ,with the nature un suitable infrastructure ,and
the lack of trained competent had to a weakness in treating and managing the
solid wastes in this unites.
There are some legal, social, and economical major considerations which must
be taken ; in planning ,executing , supervising, and managing to dispose the
wastes.
This study is trial to build base for solid waste management in Syria during
next ten years.
1

Signing contract
with Trivalor co
210000 Euro
2

Steering committee
 Under administrating of minister of local administration
and environment
Eng Hilal AlAtrash
 Eng. Sadek Abou Watfa
- Deputy minister
 Eng. Amir Alboukhari
- Damascus cleanliness director
 Eng. Rola Abazaid
- MOLA&E – SWM dep.
 Eng. Mamdouh Saleh
- Homs city council
3

This study prepared
by Trivalor Company :
 Phillippe Barthlet
 Denis Chevallier
 Thomas Berger
 Dr. Eng. Razi Asawaf
4

The Master Plan presents the following points of interest:
 to facilitate and allow a reliable planning of the investments,
 framework to follow-up the "waste" policy,
 to initiate the projects with adapted and relevant technologies,
 to allow optimization of global management for different types of
waste,
 to have a coherent and overall national policy,
 to treat priorities on a hierarchical basis.
5

The achievement out of this Master Plan consists of four
phases
 first phase : diagnosis of the current situation,
 second phase : suggestion of solutions for the management of waste,
 third phase : final solutions and recommendations,
 fourth phase : documents for tenders
6

Introduction
 The Syrian Arab Republic lies at the crossroads between three continents –
Asia, Europe and Africa.
 It is bordered to the North and North-West by Turkey, to the East and South-
East by Iraq, to the South West by Jordan, and to the West (looking form South to
North) mainly by Lebanon and the Mediterranean sea. Map 1 and accompanying
Table show how it is divided up into 14 Governorates or Mohafazats.
 The country covers an area of 185 180 km2, twice the size of Portugal and half
as big again as Greece, but this includes 110 000 km2 of desert.
7

8

GENERALITIES
 Opportunities for waste management in Syria :
- Need of organic matter in most of soils (interest for compost),
- Local outlets for plastic, steel, alu, paper and cardboard, used oils,
9

GENERALITIES
 Main constraints for waste management in Syria :
- Outside burning, with generation of pollution,
- No landfill with total containment,
- No real operation in most of dumpsites,
- No treatment plant for hazardous waste,
- Important shortage of vehicles, containers and workers,
- No awareness about waste impact on environment.
10

Prepared studies about solid waste management in Syria
Remark Date
Study title
Study
source
City
finished 1995
1996
Supporting by
collecting vehicles
and landfill
equipment
Improving
environmental
conditions
JICA
Damas
Finishes 1998
1999
Collecting vehicles
and transfer station Improving
environmental
conditions
JICA
Aleppo
Not
completed
1999 ISWM in Aleppo
city
Study of waste
management
COWI
Goal
11

Only study yet 2001 Study of current
situation in (Lattakia
city- Hafa – Jabla –
qerdaha) and future
conception
Study of solid waste
management in Lattakia
governorate
JICA
lattakia
Study only 1996 General study General study about
solid waste
management in Lattakia
gov.
MEDURBUS
Study only
2001
Study of advantages
of constructing
composting plant
Study about solid waste
management
JICA
Homs
Study only
1999 Study solid waste
situation and preparing
a designing study ,and
solutions to sanitary
landfill
Solid waste
management study
European bank
and Cowi
Study not
complete
2002-
2003
Situation of hazardous
waste and solutions
Hazardous waste study G.T.Z
12

Under
construction
2002 study of current
situation and
composting plant
Executing composting
plant
G.T.Z
Salamia
Study not
complete
2002
2003
Study of current
situation and future
conception
G.T.Z
Tartous
Municipal and
Hazardous waste
study
13

Characterization of waste in 13 Mohafazat of Syria : average, minimum and maximum
(% fresh weight)
57,3 %
4, %
8,4 %9,1 %
6,9 %
2,9 %
6,6 %
2,4 % 2,2 %
73,3 %
27,2 %
13,4 %
15,9 %
11, %
6, %
18,8 %
5,6 % 4,9 %
, %
1,5 % 1,5 % 1, % 1,2 % 1, %
42,3 %
, %
10, %
20, %
30, %
40, %
50, %
60, %
70, %
80, %
organic matter demolition
waste
plastic paper and
cardboard
metal glass textile wood other
- maximal value
- minimal value
- average
14

Al Quneitra
Syria – Municipal Solid Waste Generation in 2002 in 1000 Tons
TURKEY
IRAQ
JORDAN
Aleppo
El Hasakeh
Miadeen
Homs
As SuweidaDar’a
Damascus
Edleb
Hama
Tartus
Lattakia
A’ Zaz Al Bab
Manbij
El Thaourah
Ar Raqqa
El Qamishli
Deir ez Zor
Abu kamal
Tadmor
Ariha
Ma’ arrar
Banias
Masyaf
Salamiyah
Ar Bastan
Al Qusayr
Nabk
Qtaifé
Duma
Busra
LIBANON
0 – 250
250 - 500
500 – 1 000
258
302
554
225
848
322
359
265
195
80.5156.7
Damascus
Countryside
531.16.6
Jebleh
Yabroud
Schuba
Damascus
481.8
Al Quneitra
Syria – Municipal Solid Waste Generation in 2002 in 1000 Tons
TURKEY
IRAQ
JORDAN
Aleppo
El Hasakeh
Miadeen
Homs
As SuweidaDar’a
Damascus
Edleb
Hama
Tartus
Lattakia
A’ Zaz Al Bab
Manbij
El Thaourah
Ar Raqqa
El Qamishli
Deir ez Zor
Abu kamal
Tadmor
Ariha
Ma’ arrar
Banias
Masyaf
Salamiyah
Ar Bastan
Al Qusayr
Nabk
Qtaifé
Duma
Busra
LIBANON
0 – 250
250 - 500
500 – 1 000
258
302
554
225
848
322
359
265
195
80.5156.7
Damascus
Countryside
531.16.6
Jebleh
Yabroud
Schuba
Damascus
481.8
15

Municipal waste generation quantities
t/day t/year Kg/inhab./year
Domestic waste (current collection) 12 400 4 530 000 226
Municipal rubble and soil (disposed in
dumpsites) 2 700 1 000 000 50
Green waste (municipal and household
in coastal towns) 110 40 000 20
Professional waste directly disposed in
dumpsite or burned 1 100 400 000 20
Building waste disposed directly in
dumpsite 5 200 1 900 000 95
Recycled Automobile waste
230 85 000 4
Total 21 800 8 000 000 400

Sorting waste
Damascus
Current situation
In Syria
Sorting batteries
17

Current situation
In Syria
Sorting plant
Damascus countryside
Ever clean co
18

Damascus
Transfer station
Aleppo
Current situation
In Syria
19

Damascus composting
plant
Current situation
In Syria
20

Salamya
composting plant
Current situation In Syria
21

Composting plant in
Lattakia (stopped)
22

Composting plant in
Hama (stopped)
23

Damascus
Homs
Current
situation
In Syria
landfills
24

Latakkia
Aleppo
landfills
Current situation
In Syria
25

Idleb
Deir alzor
Current situation
In Syria
landfills
The first sanitary landfill
in Syria
26

Medical waste management in Damascus
27

Medical waste
incinerator in
Almiadeen
Almiadeen city
28

29

Solid waste
management Master
plan
30

Basic network Generalization
1 OK NO
OK, in Damascus,
Lattakia and
Salameya
NO NO OK
2 OK NO OK NO NO OK
3 OK OK OK NO NO OK
3 bis OK OK OK NO NO OK
4 OK OK OK OK NO OK
5 OK OK OK OK
OK, in Damascus
and Aleppo (1)
OK
6 OK OK OK OK
OK, in :
Damascus (1),
Aleppo, Tartous,
Lattakia, Douma,
Suweida + Daraa
OK
(1) only for rejected waste from composting
Sanitary
landfilling
Composting
Scenario
Remediation
dumpsite
Recovery
of dry
materials
Thermic treatment
The seven scenarios for domestic waste management in the
Syrian Arab Republic
31

GENERALITIES
 A rational waste management is :
- Keep a clean town,
- Minimize the current proportion of waste in dumpsite,
- Set up a network of landfill with waterproof and leachate
control,
- Increase training for operating of landfills and
composting plants,
- Ban outside burning.
32

Domestic waste : 5 400 000 t/year
recovery bulky wastebiowaste inertMixed waste hazardous waste
sorting plant
Landfill
3 000 000 t
home
composting
spécific
treatment
7 400 t
10 000 t4 540 000 t600 000 t 70 000 t 90 000 t
780 000 t
medical waste
7 400 t 3 100 t
spécific
treatment
3 100 t
780 000 t
1 550 000 t
Compost
1 550 000 t
Mechanical
preparation
Inert landifilling
70 000 t
Recycling
790 000 t
1 550 000 t
190 000 t
3 850 000 t
650 000 t
Composting
3 100 000 t
Recycling
90 000 t
0,1%1,3%28%55%14% 0,1%1,6%
Domestic waste : 5 400 000 t/year
recovery bulky wastebiowaste inertMixed waste hazardous waste
sorting plant
Landfill
3 000 000 t
home
composting
spécific
treatment
7 400 t
10 000 t4 540 000 t600 000 t 70 000 t 90 000 t
780 000 t
medical waste
7 400 t 3 100 t
spécific
treatment
3 100 t
780 000 t
1 550 000 t
Compost
1 550 000 t
Mechanical
preparation
Inert landifilling
70 000 t
Recycling
790 000 t
1 550 000 t
190 000 t
3 850 000 t
650 000 t
Composting
3 100 000 t
Recycling
90 000 t
0,1%1,3%28%55%14% 0,1%1,6%
Solid waste diagram in Syria
33

GENERALITIES
 An optimal waste management needs also to
implement actions in the order below :
Waste minimization
Adapted collection
Adapted
treatment
Landfill
Main aim : reduce
waste in landfill
34

 IN PRACTICE, IT NEEDS :
- Technical means (vehicles, plants…),
- Technical organisation (good managerial staff),
- Administrative organisation (planification in each
governorate, inter municipal organisation),
- National policies,
- Financial ressources :
- Financing of investment,
- Financing of services.
35

WASTE MINIMIZATION
Conscious-ness
raising
Financial
incentives
MINIMIZATION
OF WASTE
GENERATION
Promotion of eco-
responsible purchase
MASS MEDIA
Promotion of « less
collected waste »
37

WASTE MINIMIZATION
 Solutions :
 - Deposit system for
batteries, bottles, tires,
plastic bags,
 -Specific tax on plastic
bags You buy the first bag and after
you change old bag for a new,
free of charge
38

WASTE MINIMIZATION
 Solutions :
 - Encourage reuse : repair lists, support
second-hand market…
 - Home composting,
39

WASTE COLLECTION
 IMPROVEMENT OF TRADITIONAL COLLECTION :
- Decrease the large shortage of collection containers,
- Decrease the large shortage of compactors for collection,
( 10 copactors for 100000 inhabitants )
- Increase the labor force for cleanliness and collection,
(2 workers for 1 000 inhabitants),
- Set up a managerial staff to optimize waste management in
each town,
- Promote partnership with private sector companies.
40

Possible separative collection
glass
plastic
Cardboard
Packaging and old papers Biowaste
steel
Vegetables
Green waste
41

SEPARATIVE COLLECTION OF BULKYWASTE IN DROP-
OFF CENTRE
Principle : enclosed place supervised, where municipal
services, households, and small companies bring
and separate bulky waste : furniture, household
electrical appliance, big objects
43

WASTE TRANSPORT
 Waste transport is not efficient with tractor or compactor on
long distances.
 Transfer station and transport by truck is necessary to gather
waste in a big treatment plant.
Main plant
Transfer stations for small centres
44

WASTE TRANSPORT
MINIMUM DISTANCE
Ton/day
Distance of treatment
center (km)
Transfer plant advantageous area
45

Transfer station
for rural areas
Simple skip
WASTE TRANSPORTATION
46

Transfer station for urban areas
47

Governorate
Nb. of
sites
Governorate Nb. of sites
Damascus City 1 Hama 12
Damascus countryside 11 Lattakia 13
Daa’ra 7 Tartous 9
Suweida 6 Deir Es Zor 8
Aleppo 14 Hasakeh 8
Idleb 3 Rakka 9
Homs 9 TOTAL 110
Number of transfer stations
per governorate
48

Network of transfer stations : 1 to14 transfer station per
Governorate
 Provisional investment : 4 to 40 million SP/transfer
station,
 Transport cost : 80 to 100 SP/ton for medium and
long distance.
49

DIFFERENT TYPE
OF WASTE TREATMENT
 Sorting plant
 Composting
 Other treatment of organic matter
 Thermic treatment
50

INTEGRATED CENTRE OF WASTE TREATMENT
51

SORTING PLANT
GENERAL ORGANISATION
Weighing
Reception area
Mechanical sorting
Manual sorting
To sell
Storage before conditionning
Weighing
Storage before evacuation
conditionning
Offices
52

SORTING PLANT
PEN TE
OPENER
OF BAGS
ALIMENTATION
MECHANICAL
SORTING SORTING
CABIN
CONVEYOR OF
PRESS
PRESS
EVACUATION
53

RECEIPTS OR EXPENSES FOR SORTING
FACILITIES (mixed waste)
5900
2600
1200
600
130 -10 10 -20 -50
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1500
3000
6000
10000
15000
20000
30000
40000
50000
Annual recovery tonnage (t/year)
S.P./tonofrecovery
material
55

COMPOSTING PLANT
 Organic matter treatment
 Aerobic way
 Different ways:
 Mixed domestic waste
 Green waste
 Organic matter from domestic waste after
separative collection
56

COMPOSTING PLANT
MAIN ORGANISATION
RECEPTION AND
PREPARATION
FERMENTATION
PHASE
MATURATION
COMPOST REFINING
STORAGE
AVOID SCHREDDING
SELLING
PREARE COMPOST FOR SELLING
57

COMPOSTING PLANT
 Parameters involved to optimize composting
 Humidity,
 Aeration
 An efficient composting process has to
optimize these parameters in a simple
way
58

COMPOSTING PLANT
OUTSIDE PLATEFORM WITH NATURAL AERATION
59

COMPOSTING PLANT
OUTSIDE PLATEFORM WITH NATURAL AERATION
compost
Retourneur enjambeurTurner
GREEN WASTE
COMPOSTING
60

COMPOSTING COSTS
920
500
320
260 230 220 220
0
500
1 000
5 000 15 000 50 000 100 000 160 000 225 000 260 000
t/year
S.P./ton
61

DIFFERENT TYPE OF LANDFILL
 Depending on type of admitted waste
 1st class: for hazardous waste
 2nd class: for domestic waste or non hazardous
industrial waste
 3th class: for demolition waste (inert)
62

CHARACTERISTICS OF SITE
FOR LANDFILLING
Criterion Characteristics
Localisation Distance : 5 km of habitations and others
activities.
Geology Limited ground settlement
Impermeable materials in bottom and around
the site.
Hydraulic Permeability:
1m with permeability < 1.10-9 m/s + 5m
with permeability < 1.10-6 m/s
Hydro-geology Site basis over the maximum level of the
water table
63

General design
Typical multiple active and passive barrier
Géotextile
Géomembrane PEHD
groundwater
Clay 1m – 10-9
m/s
Clay or equivalent
5m – 10-6 m/s
WASTE
At least 10 meters
Geotextile
Géomembrane PEHD
groundwater
Clay 1m – 10-9
m/s
Clay or equivalent
5m – 10-6 m/s
WASTE
At least 10 meters
passive
Substratum
Rock/soil
active
65

Control and supervision
Underground water -monthly sampling and analysis,
-control of water level,
Superficial water -implementation of reject points,
-monthly analysis
Leachate -treatment to define in special
conditions,
-implementation of reject points,
-monthly analysis,
-quality of rejects to be define in special
conditions book,
Biogaz -analysis of composition (6 per year),
-quality of rejects to be define in book of
special conditions
Documents -plan of operation,
-annual hydric balance
66

BIOGAZ IN LANDFILLS
NETWORK OF
COLLECTION
CONTROLED BURNING PRODUCTION OF ENERGY
67

LEACHATE TREATMENT
STORAGE AND TREATMENT
68

CONSTRUCTION OF COMPARTMENT
69

Cost per ton landfilled in relation with the landfill annual
capacity
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 350 000 400 000 450 000 500 000
Capacity in tons
CostinSP/ton
70

MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
The priority : separative collection of medical waste in the hospital
71

Syria – Medical Waste Facilities Nominal Treatment capacities - 5000 t in 2014
Al Quneitra
JORDAN
Aleppo
El Hasakeh
Miadeen
Homs
As Suweida
Dar’a
Damascus
Edleb
Hama
Tartus
Lattakia
A’ Zaz Al Bab
Manbij
El Thaourah
Ar Raqqa
El Qamishli
Deir ez Zor
Abu kamal
Tadmor
Masyaf
Nabk
Duma
Busra
Orontes
E
uphrates
Buhayrat al’ Asad
Jebleh
Yabroud
950 t/y
500 t/y
100 t/y
100 t/y
150 t/y
1 000 t/y
1 000 t/y
300 t/y
300 t/y
Medical Waste Treatment
Facility by Steam Disinfection
300 t/y
100 t/y
300 t/y
100 t/y
300 t/y
Al Quneitra
JORDAN
Aleppo
El Hasakeh
Miadeen
Homs
As Suweida
Dar’a
Damascus
Edleb
Hama
Tartus
Lattakia
A’ Zaz Al Bab
Manbij
El Thaourah
Ar Raqqa
El Qamishli
Deir ez Zor
Abu kamal
Tadmor
Masyaf
Nabk
Duma
Busra
Orontes
E
uphrates
Buhayrat al’ Asad
Jebleh
Yabroud
950 t/y950 t/y
500 t/y500 t/y
100 t/y100 t/y
100 t/y100 t/y
150 t/y150 t/y
1 000 t/y1 000 t/y
1 000 t/y1 000 t/y
300 t/y300 t/y
300 t/y300 t/y
300 t/y300 t/y
100 t/y100 t/y
300 t/y300 t/y
100 t/y100 t/y
300 t/y300 t/y
72

 RECOMMENDATION :
A specific collection with safety rules and specific trucks
for medical waste, with regular disinfection
73

The best solution : steam disinfection
74

 RECOMMENDATION FOR SYRIA:
1 plant per governorate for steam disinfection, with :
- 1 large plant in big areas (500 to 1 000 t/year),
- 1 small plant in other areas (100 to 150 ton/year).
New jobs : 4 to 6 persons per facility.
75

Al Quneitra
JORDAN
Aleppo
El Hasakeh
Miadeen
Homs
As Suweida
Dar’a
Damascus
Edleb
Hama
Tartus
Lattakia
A’ Zaz Al Bab
Manbij
El Thaourah
Ar Raqqa
El Qamishli
Deir ez Zor
Abu kamal
Tadmor
Ariha
Ma’ arrar
Masyaf
Al Qusayr
Nabk
Duma
Busra
Orontes
E
u
ph
rates
Buhayrat al’ Asad
Jebleh
Yabroud
1000 t/y
150 t/y
100 t/y
100 t/y
Facility by Incineration
1500 t/y
1500 t/y
1500 t/y
Al Quneitra
JORDAN
Aleppo
El Hasakeh
Miadeen
Homs
As Suweida
Dar’a
Damascus
Edleb
Hama
Tartus
Lattakia
A’ Zaz Al Bab
Manbij
El Thaourah
Ar Raqqa
El Qamishli
Deir ez Zor
Abu kamal
Tadmor
Ariha
Ma’ arrar
Masyaf
Al Qusayr
Nabk
Duma
Busra
Orontes
E
u
ph
rates
Buhayrat al’ Asad
Jebleh
Yabroud
1000 t/y
150 t/y
100 t/y
100 t/y
1500 t/y
1500 t/y
1500 t/y
Al Quneitra
JORDAN
Aleppo
El Hasakeh
Miadeen
Homs
As Suweida
Dar’a
Damascus
Edleb
Hama
Tartus
Lattakia
A’ Zaz Al Bab
Manbij
El Thaourah
Ar Raqqa
El Qamishli
Deir ez Zor
Abu kamal
Tadmor
Ariha
Ma’ arrar
Masyaf
Al Qusayr
Nabk
Duma
Busra
Orontes
E
u
ph
rates
Buhayrat al’ Asad
Jebleh
Yabroud
1000 t/y
150 t/y150 t/y
100 t/y100 t/y
100 t/y100 t/y
1500 t/y
1500 t/y
1500 t/y
76

Incineration of hospital wastes
1. Automatic Loader
2. Automatic Bucket Upturn System
3. Combustion Chamber
4. Combustion Burner
5. Post Combustion Chamber
6. Post Combustion Burner
7.By-pass
8. Energy recuperation boiler
9. Radiator
10. Reactor I
11. Injection System I
12. Reactor II
13. Injection System II
14. Ceramic Filter
15. Clean Gas
16. Gas Extracting Fan
17. Platform for analysis
18. Chimney
77

Incineration of hospital wastes
78

Geotextile
Géomembrane HDPE
Drainage layer 0,5 m
K = 10 -4 m/s
Substratum
Rock/soil
groundwater
Clay or equivalent
5m K=10-9 m/s
Hazardous and medical WASTE
Geotextile
Géomembrane HDPE
Drainage layer 0,5 m
K = 10 -4 m/s
Substratum
Rock/soil
groundwater
Clay or equivalent
5m K=10-9 m/s
Hazardous and medical WASTE
79

HAZARDOUS WASTE
 Hazardous waste collection is an absolute priority :
great impact on compost quality , on environment and
water pollution
80

HAZARDOUS WASTE STORAGE
 In municipal services or fire station : a closed cupboard
with retention system on the soil
81

HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT
Aim for Syria : carry out one plant for toxic waste
Several activities in the Syrian plant :
- Recovery,
- Physical and chemical treatment,
- Incineration.
- For specific toxic waste, export is necessary : PCB for example
(Europe, Asia…).
- Suggestion : partnership between Middle East countries to set up a
network of plant for all toxic waste
82

FINANCING OF INVESTMENT
 Government or regional grant
 Budget of municipality (need financial reserves)
 Bank loan
 Private ( by B.O.T: built, operate and transfer tendering
procedure)
83

Al Quneitra
Aleppo
El Hasakeh
Miadeen
Homs
As Suweida
Dar’a
Damascus
Edleb
Hama
Tartus
Lattakia
A’ Zaz Al Bab
Manbej
Al Thora
Al Raqqa
El Qamishli
Deir ez Zor
Abu kamal
Tadmor
Masyaf
Nabk
Duma
Busra
Orontes
Euphrates
Buhayrat al’ Asad
Jebleh
Yabroud
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Al Quneitra
Aleppo
El Hasakeh
Miadeen
Homs
As Suweida
Dar’a
Damascus
Edleb
Hama
Tartus
Lattakia
A’ Zaz Al Bab
Manbej
Al Thora
Al Raqqa
El Qamishli
Deir ez Zor
Abu kamal
Tadmor
Masyaf
Nabk
Duma
Busra
Orontes
Euphrates
Buhayrat al’ Asad
Jebleh
Yabroud
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Map of main Syrian facilities
(Integrated centres and landfill)
84

Al Malkiye (81 820)
El Hasakeh (251 000)
Amuda (38 000)
Ash Sadaddih
Tall Tamir (3 500)
Qamischli (180 000)
Ain Diwar (
7 000)
Tel Halaf ( 7 000)
Ras al Ein
(51 000)
Ad Dughayrat
Al Hawl (6 200)
Al Khatuniya (4 500)
Al ‘Ya Rubiyeh
Tall Brak
Darbasiyah (24 000)
39
27 28
27
50
42
13
30
35
60
41
56
Area A
Population 700 000 inh
Total domestic waste 145 600 ton/year
Transferred waste 43 800 ton/year
Sorting of recyclable 27 230 ton/year
Composting 93 450 ton/year
Landfilling 75 845 ton/year
Area C
Composting 0 ton/year
Area B
Area D
10
Tal Hamies ( 20 000)
Al Qahtaniyeh (22 000)
Al Jawadiyah (3 270)
31
Marqadeh
39
35
30
44
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Transfer plant
Sorting plant
Governorate of Hasakeh – 1 620 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 336 960 ton/year in 2014
85

Miadeen (50 000)
Der ez Zor (230 000)
Abu kamal (70 000)
Al Thibnah (10 000)
Suwar (10 000)
Al Kasrah (10 000)
Muhasan (22 000)
Al Asharah (23 000)
Hajin (43 200)
41 8
25
64
57
Ziban (14 000)
54
20
13
37
16
50
Bussayra (20 000)
Al Kharayej (27 000)
Area A
Population 1 115 000 inh
Area B
Transferred waste21 000 ton/year Sorting of recyclable 6
000 ton/year
10
Sbeikhan (24 000)
Ash Shafeh (21 000)
16
40
16
15
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Transfer plant
Sorting plant
Governorate of Deir Es Zor – 1 315 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 273 520 ton/year in 2014
86

Al Thora (80 000)
Al Raqqa (250 000)
Sluk (16 000)
Halabiyeh
Al Madane (9 000)
Al Karamah (35 000)
Ayn Isa (16 800)
As Sabkha (26 000)
Tal Abiad (50 000)
21
28
52
30
26
33
24
27
23
42
Dibsi’Affnan (24 000) 32
Qantari11
17
58
Al Jirniyeh (18 000)
Area A
Area C
Transferred waste 25 200ton/year
Area B
Kafifeh
20
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Transfer plant
Sorting plant
Governorate of Raqqah – 910 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 226 590 ton/year in 2014
87

Ain Al Arab (45000)
A’ Zaz (70 000)
Al Bab (120 000)
Manbij (186 000)
Maskaneh (10 000)
Tal Adaman (8000)
Daret Azze (40 000)
Der Hafer (26 400)
As Sufira (91 600)
Kanasir (14000)
Ifrin (46 000)
Nubul (29 000)
Tal Rifaat (31 000)
Mare (40 000)
Al Rai (12 300)
38
Jarablos (38 000)
32
15
13
18
10
23
40
25
Athareb ( 20 000)
28
60
45
Hreitan (17 000)
Rajo ( 6 600)
Jandires (13 000)
Cheikh Al Hadid (10 000)
Bolbol (10 500)
Sarba ( 4 600)
Akhtarin (14 000)
Tadef (33 000)
Al Ghandourah (7 000)
Abu Kolokol (5 000)
Khafseh (18 000)
Al Mahmoudyah (9 000)
35
35
47
37
15
Serrin Al
Chamalieh
(10 000)
18
30
24
24
26 10
8
31
18
20
20
16
40
40
Aleppo
(2 800 000)
Area A
Population 3 110 000
Area C
Transferred waste16 250 ton/year Sorting
of recyclable 7 500 ton/year
Area B
Transferred waste30 000 ton/year Sorting of recyclable
19 320 ton/year
Area D
Transferred waste24 000 ton/year Sorting
of recyclable 7 000 ton/year
Area E
30
Area F
Population 400 000
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Transfer plant
Sorting plant
Governorate of Aleppo – 4 740 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 1 019 100 ton/year
in 2014
88

Msebin
Idleb ( 113 000)
Taftanaz (10 000)
Sarahqueb (35 000)
Sinjar (3000)
30
16
15
27
Ma’ arrat an Numan (70000)
Ariha (50 000)
Abu Dhour
(12 000)
Khan Chekhoun (52 000)
Kafr Nobol (22 000)
Ehsem (11 000)
Mambel (8 000)
Jisr Al Shoghour (38 000)
Bdama
(6 000)
Harem (30 000)
Banesh (28 000)
Al Dana (20 000)
Ma’artamsrin (30 000)
20
15
22
15
10
12
12
37
29
25
20
9
30
7
S.landfill of
Hantoutin
27
NOTA: The site south of Ehsem planned by the municipalities in
the SW area is useless. The surrounding municipalities could join
the Hantoutin landfill.
Area C
Area A
Area B
18 055 ton/year
Area D
Salquin (29 000)
Kafr Takharim (21 000)
Darkush (10 300)
Foua’a (21 000)
Sarmin (18 000)
Armanaz (20 000)
Kelli (11 000)
20
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Transfer plant
Sorting plant
Governorate of Idleb - 1 450 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 311 750
ton/year in 2014
89

Slinfa (2000)
Lattakia
465 000
Al Haffeh (12 000)
Jableh
(62 000)
Sharquiyah (4 000)
Kassab (4 000)
Jobet Birghal (3 000)
Al Qardaha (20 000)
20
22
20
14
20
Watal Khan
Rabiah (8 000)
Qastal Ma’ar (5 400)
Einl Baidah
Al Bahloulieh (9 400)
Kansabba (5 000)
Ayn al Tinah (4 500)
Fakhurah (10 000)
16
24
Projected S.landfill of
Al Qasia + composting
plant
Qutelbiya (15 000)
Ad Dalieh (12 000)
12
13
20
Rehabilitation of the composting
plant
25
20
45
41
28
24
5
12
16
20
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Transfer plant
Sorting plant
Governorate of Lattakia – 1 050 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 316 050
ton/year in 2014
90

Governorate of Tartus – 785 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 202 530 ton/year in 2014
Al Hamadiyah (10 000)
Banias (35 000)
Tartous
(150 000)
Dreykish (19000)
Al Quadmus (6 000)
Hamman wasel (5 000)
Sheikh Badr (15 100)
20
36
20
18
45
Al’Annazeh (6 000)
At Tawaheen (2 000)
Ar Rawda (6 000)
As Sawda (7 000)
Himmeen (9 000)
Mashtal’halu (7 000)
Safita (27 000)
As Safateh (7 000)
Kirbetl’Nizeh
35
Taleen (5 600)
17
14
9
9
11
23
24 16
29
18
13
26
Hade Valley
Arwad Island (18 000)
16
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Transfer plant
Sorting plant
91

Governorate of Hama – 1 700 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 365 500 ton/year in 2014
Misyaf (30 000)
Sabouhra (10 000)
Karnaz (13 000)
Al Sequelbiya (15 000)
Kafr zeta (20 000)
As Sa’an (10 000)
Bural Sharqi ( 6 000)
24
18
25
47
33
20
Qalaat Almadiq (18 000)
Muharde (20 000)
13
20 30
Al Hamra (28 000)
A’ Qeirbat (5 000)
15
25
40
Murek (16 000)
Hama ( 460 000)
Talsalhab (17 000)
Salameya
(85 600)
Area A
52 595 ton/year
Landfilling 150583 ton/year
Area C
Landfilling 17 980 ton/yearArea B
6 000 ton/year
Az’ziara (9 000)
Shat hat attahtah (8 600)
Kafrbhm (17 000)
Wadiel I’Youn (10 000)
Aoj (5 000)
Ein Halakim (5 000)
Al Hmeri (4 000)
Hilfaya (20 000)
Kafrnabude (15 000)
11
25
13
24
Soran (28 000) + Tibet Aliman (27 000)
5
6 8
12
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Transfer plant
Sorting plant
92

Governorate of Homs – 1 900 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 490 200 ton/year in 2014
Area A
Talkalak (30 000)
An’Nasra
(21 000)
As Suknah (36 500)
Ar Rastan (50 000)
Tal Daw (21 000)
Talbissé (37 000)
Sadad (13 000) Al Quaryatayn (30 000)
120
115
25
40
25
Al Qseir (50 000)
Shin (15 000) 20
20
Hasya ( 6 400) Al Raqana (5 000)
Al Fruglos (7 000)
Mkharram Foqani (9 000)
Jibl Jarrah (4 000)
Mhin (12 500)
Al Basiri
24
35
25
40
25
35
Homs ( 1 037 000)
Area D
Area C
Transferred waste 28 000 ton/year Sorting of
recyclable 3 300 ton/year
Area B
Tal Zahab (14 000)
Kafr laha (21 500)
Quateeneh (7 500)
Mishfreh (11 000)
Area F
2 400 ton/year
(Maghliah in a second term)
75
Area E
85
14
3
4
15
17
30
32
33
10
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Transfer plant
Sorting plant
*The Master plan recommends to transfer the waste to Homs landfill. Nevertheless the
any municipality could decide to implement a landfill in condition a suitable site is found
*
93

Nabk (47 000)
Qtaifé (40 000)
Duma (300 000)
Yabroud (38 000)
Raqqleh
Al Kiswah (22 000)
Jeiroud (42 000)
Ar Ruhaybah (28 000)
Dumeir (40 000)
Sadaneya (10 000)
Zabadani (40 000)
Tall (50 000)
Harasta (150 000)
Al Gusnalié (10 000)
Quatana (47 000)
Daraya (85 000)
30
15
5 35
26
39
12
9
40
7
Kanakir (13 000)
Sa’asa’a (47 000)
15
23
14
7
34
18
Jeiroud
Existing S.landfill of Al
Jaronia
18
Existing sorting plant
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Transfer plant
Sorting plant
Area A
Area B
Area C
Area D
Deir Atiyeh (20 000)
Qara (20 000)
9
8
To Al Quneitra
landfill
Governorate of Damascus Countryside – 3 140 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 945 140 t/year in 2014
94

Al Gusnalié
Governorate of Damascus – 3 400 000 inhabitants in 2014 - 584 800 ton/year in 2014
Damascus
40
Existing landfill of Al Jaronia
Transfer station to implement
Existing composting plant to extend
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Transfer plant
Sorting plant
95

Governorate of As Suweida – 360 000 inhabitants in 2014 –
74 880 ton/year in 2014
As Suweida (57 000)
Shaba (14000)
Ariqa (6500)
As Sijn (4400)
Shaqqa (7000)
Al Mushanaf (3 000)
Salkad (12700)
Mallah (10 000)Al Qraya (6000)
Dibin (4400)
15
18
15
22
17
13
Assoura
22
21
12
20
14
19
10
15
At Taleh (10 500)
Al Qanawat (10 000)
Arman (10 000)
At Theel ( 9 000)
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Transfer plant
Sorting plant
96

Al Musaifra (11 000)
Kirbeth Ghazaleh (17 000)
Bosral Harir (14 000)Tseel (16 000)
Ash Shajara (8 000) Daele (27 000)
Governorate of Daraa – 1 040 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 216 320 ton/year in 2014
Nawa (55 000)
As Shaykh (23 400)
Izraa (25 000)
Al Harrak (22 000)Tafas (30 000)
Dar’a
(100 000)
Bosra (25000)
Khabab
Assanamein (24 000)
Al Harrah (18 400)
Jasem (38 000)
15
15
12
11
22
25
Seda (12 000)
Al Mismiyeh (4 000)
Ghabagheb (11 000)
Kafrshams (14 000)
5
10
25
30
10
8
15
15
18
Area A
25 674 ton/year
Area B
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Transfer plant
Sorting plant
97

Governorate of Al Quneitra – 190 000 inhabitants in 2014 – 38 000 ton/year in 2014
Al Khshniyeh
Al Quneitra
Mas’ada
Ar’afied
Khan Arnabeh (10 000)
Afik
15
22
25
10
Waste from Sa’asa’a
transfer station
Occupied Area
Treatment unit
Sanitary landfill
Transfer plant
Sorting plant
98

The total investment to set up all the facilities and
equipments is about 21,20 billion SP, that is about
2,12 billion SP per year.
The total annual cost including investment pay off and
operations (within 2014) will be about 11,5 billion
SP/year without separative collection,
MASTER PLAN COST
The total annual cost is 488 s.p / inhab.
99

Population 2014 Ton/year Investment
Annual collection cost (syrian
pound)
Annual transport cost
(syrian pound)
Annual manual sorting
cost (SP)
3,400,000 585,000
1,502,280,000
1,105,000,000 46,800,000 -2,700,000
Annual treatment (SP)
Annual cost
(syrian pound)mechanical preparation
and sorting before
composting
composting 1 composting 2
sanitary landfill -pay
off + op.cost)
hazardous waste medical waste
32,200,000 41,400,000 49,500,000 185,705,000 122,400,000 6,077,500 1,586,382,500
Mohafazat
Damascus City
MASTER PLAN COST
100

MASTER PLAN COST
Area Population 2014 Ton/year Investment
Annual collection cost (syrian
pound)
Annual transport cost
(syrian pound)
Annual manual sorting cost
(SP)
Douma
- B
1,000,000 301,000
1,075,200,000
991,504,000
711,482,000
711,482,000
275,000,000 20,468,000 180,000
Jaronia
- A
920,000 277,000 253,000,000 13,296,000 180,000
Jeiroud
- C
610,000 184,000 167,750,000 10,304,000 5,830,000
Daraya
- D
610,000 184,000 167,750,000 11,040,000 5,830,000
Total Mohafazat Damascus
Countryside
3,140,000 945,000
3,489,668,000
863,500,000 55,108,000 12,020,000
Annual treatment (SP)
Annual cost
(syrian pound)
Area
mechanical preparation and sorting
before composting
composting 1
sanitary landfill -pay off +
op.cost)
Hazardou
s waste
Medical
waste
Douma
- B
26,950,000 45,000,000 96,100,000 36,000,000 6,077,500 505,775,500
Jaronia
- A
26,750,000 45,000,000 88,690,000 33,120,000 460,036,000
Jeiroud
- C
23,100,000 33,125,000 76,077,000 21,960,000 338,146,000
Daraya
- D 23,100,000 33,125,000 76,077,000 21,960,000 338,882,000
Total Mohafazat Damascus
Countryside 99,900,000 156,250,000 336,944,000 113,040,000 6,077,500 1,642,839,500
Mohafazat Damascus Countryside
101

MASTER PLAN COST
Mohafazat Daraa
Area
Population
2014
Ton/year Investment
Annual
collection cost
(syrianpound)
Annualt
ransport cost
(syrian pound)
Annual
Manual
sorting cost
(SP)
Daraa - A 660,000 137,000
644,520,000
181,500,000 6,576,000 1,980,000
Al Sanamain - B 380,000 79,000
444,260,000
104,500,000 5,056,000 5,830,000
Total
Mohafaz
Daraa
1,040,000 216,000
1,088,780,000
286,000,000 11,632,000 7,810,000Annual treatment (SP)
Annual cost
(syrian pound)mechanical preparation and
sorting before composting
composting 1
Sanitary
landfill –pay
off + op.cost)
Hazardous
waste
Medical
waste
21,390,000 23,375,000 57,945,000 23,760,000 2,145,000 318,671,000
16,510,000 15,100,000 40,445,000 13,680,000 201,121,000
37,900,000 38,475,000 98,390,000 37,440,000 2,145,000 519,792,000
102

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
0 - Promote the national MSW Master Plan (documents, internet site, seminars) 5
A - Planification: Regional Master Plans 15 15
B - Waste Minimization 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
C - Pilot Project 16 24 19 8 5
Arward island 5 5 5
Home composting 1 1 1
Plastic bags reuse campaign 3 3 3
Dropp-off centres in rural and urban areas ( Damascus and Tartus) 10 5
Separative collection in 1 large city (to be chosen) 10 10 5 5
D - Collection 710 732 733 697 697 697 697 697 697 697
Containers 33 33 33
Trucks and compactors 670 670 670 670 670 670 670 670 670 670
Hazardous Waste storage 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Dropp-off centres 22 23 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
E - Transfer and Transportation 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172
E1 - Main towns of each Mohafazat : Lattakia, Tartus, Aleppo, Damascus, Damascus countryside (Duma, Jaronia), 172 172 172 172 172
Al Bab, Salameya,Daraa, Hasakeh, Hama,Sweida, Deir Es Zor,Homs,Magliah and urgent situations
E2 - Other towns of the mohafazats : Al Quneitra, Damascus countryside ( Rakkleh, Jeiroud,Sa'asaa), Idleb, Qamischli, 172 172 172 172 172
Jawadijeh, Al Thora, Ain al Arab, Kassab, Talkhalak, Al Qseir,Abu kamal,Al Dana, Maharde, As Suknah,
Raqqah, Manbej, Ma'ar'at, Tadmur, Khabab, Tall Tamir, Ayn Isa, Quaryatayn, Ifrin, Jisr Al Shoghur,
F - Integrated Centres (mechanical separation, composting and sorting plants) 770 770 770 770 770 770 770 770 770 770
F1 - Main towns of each Mohafazat : Lattakia, Tartus, Aleppo, Damascus, Damascus countryside (Duma, Jaronia), 770 770 770 770 770
Daraa, Hasakeh, Hama,Sweida, Deir Es Zor,Homs,
F2 - Other towns of the mohafazats : Al Quneitra, Damascus countryside ( Rakkleh, Jeiroud), Idleb, Qamischli, 770 770 770 770 770
Raqqah, Manbej, Ma'ar'at, Tadmur, Khabab
G - Sorting Centres 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228
G1 - Main towns of each Mohafazat : Lattakia, Tartus, Aleppo, Damascus, Damascus countryside (Duma, Jaronia), 228 228 228 228 228
Daraa, Hasakeh, Hama,Sweida, Deir Es Zor,Homs,
G2 - Other towns of the mohafazats : Al Quneitra, Damascus countryside ( Rakkleh, Jeiroud), Idleb, Qamischli, 228 228 228 228 228
Raqqah, Manbej, Ma'ar'at, Tadmur, Khabab, Tall Tamir, Ayn Al Arab, Kanasir,Al Bab, Abu Kamal, Misyaf, Quaratayn,
Jisr Al Shogour, Salameya, Jawadiyeh, Ayn Isa, Talkhalak, Al Kseir,
H - Controlled Sanitary landfills 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228
H1 - Main towns of each Mohafazat : Lattakia, Tartus, Aleppo, Damascus, Damascus countryside ( Duma, Jaronia), 228 228 228 228 228
Abu kamal, Salameya, Daraa, Sweida, Homs, Magliah,
H2 - Other towns of the mohafazats :Al Quneitra, Hasakeh, Damascus countryside ( Rakkleh, jeiroud), Idleb, Hama, 228 228 228 228 228
Jawadijeh, Al Thora, Ain Al Arab, Qamischli, Al Bab,Deir Es Zor,Manbej, Ma'ar'at, Tadmur, Khabab, Tall Tamir, Ayn Isa,
Raqqah,Al Dana, As Suknah, Quaryatayn, Ifrin, Jisr Al Shoghur, Sequelbiah
I - Rehabilitation of dumpsites
Plannification of rehabilitation
Choice of the sites (will depend upon the creation of the sanitary landfills)
Environmental Studies
Rehabilitation work
J - Medical Waste Treatment 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
Medical Waste Steam Disinfection in Damascus, Aleppo, Deir Es Zor, Douma, Homs, Lattakia 25 25 25 25 25
Medical Waste Steam Disinfection in Idleb, Tartus, Hama, Hasakeh, Raqqah, Tadmur, Daraa 25 25 25 25 25
Estimated Yearly Investment in 1000 SP 5 2 189 2 219 2 200 2 153 2 150 2 145 2 145 2 145 2 145 2 145
Previsionnal schedule for the implementation of the actions
evaluation after inventory of municipal dumpsites
103

REFERENCES:
 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT MASTER PLAN IN SYRIA
TRIVALOR COMPANY - FRANCE
 CURRENT STUATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SYRIA
ENG. AMIR ALBOUKHARI
 ANNUAL REPORT FOR CLEANLINESS SERVICES IN DAMASCUS
GOVERNORATE (2003)
104

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