2. INTRODUCTION
Lactose is a disaccharide of β-D-galactose
and β-D-glucosein β(1,4) linkage.
It is digested by enzyme lactase to
form glucose and galactose in the
brush border of the intestine.
4. Lactose intolerance is the
inability to digest lactose, This
occurs due to a deficiency of
the enzyme lactase, which is
needed to break down lactose in
the small intestine.
Lactose intolerance is not an
allergy because it is not an
immune response but caused by
lactase deficiency.
WHAT IS LACTOSE
INTOLERANCE?
5. is agenetically determined absenceor decrease in the
enzyme is noted.
Jejunal morphology is normal.
primary lactase deficiency
Secondary, acquired,or transient lactase deficiency is
due to the small intestinalmucosal disease, abnormalities
of brush border cells and transport processes.
It is often associated with celiac sprue
6. When lactose enters
the body there isn’t
lactase to break it
down so it
accumulates in the
small intestine which
disturbs water
absorption
7. The unabsorbed
water and lactose
enter the large
intestine where
bacteria metabolize
the lactose which
generates gas which
causes pain
8. The most common
symptoms of lactose
intolerance include bloating,
gas, diarrhea (from the
unabsorbed water), and
abdominal discomfort after
consuming lactose-
containing foods. These
symptoms typically occur
within 30 minutes to 2
hours after ingestion.
C O MMO N
SYM PTOM S
9. Diagnosis of lactose intolerance
involves clinical assessment of
symptoms, as well as laboratory
tests such as the lactose tolerance
test and hydrogen breath test.
These tests help to confirm the
presence of lactose malabsorption.
DIAGNOSIS AN D TESTING
10. DIETARY MANAGEMENT
Managing lactose intolerance
involves adopting a low-lactose
diet, which includes consuming
lactose-free or lactose-reduced
dairy products, as well
as incorporating non-dairy
sources of calcium and vitamin D
into the diet.
