1. Dear God,
We thank You for the school that we have.
We pray to You that this may serve as a safe place for all of
us to learn, have fun, and build strong friendships.
Thank you for the teachers who patiently teach us.
Thank you for the friends – the people we can learn new
things with.
And thank you for the beautiful day you give us to learn, to
serve others, and to remember the Truth of Your Glory!
In Jesus Christ mighty name. Amen.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region IV A-CALABARZON
Division of Laguna
Santa Cruz
21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES
AND THE WORLD
BASIC ELEMENTS OF A SHORT STORY
PREPARED BY:
AMIHAN COMENDADOR GRANDE
T-II
7. Objectives:
1. demonstrate understanding of a short story;
2. analyze a short story by identifying its basic elements;
3. appreciate the use of multimedia in sharing the lessons
learned from a short story; and
4. perform a self or peer-assessment in evaluating one’s
work.
8. The learner will be able to understand and appreciate the elements and
contexts of 21st century Philippine literature from the regions.
The learner will be able to demonstrate
understanding and appreciation of 21st Century
Philippine literature from the regions through:
1. a written close analysis and critical
interpretation of a literary text in terms of
form and theme, with a description of its
context derived from research; and
2. 2. an adaptation of a text into other creative
forms using multimedia.
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCIES/ OBJECTIVES
Do self- and/or peer-assessment of
the creative adaptation of a literary
text, based on rationalized criteria,
prior to presentation
EN12Lit-Ie-31.3
11. How do you define
anecdotes?
• An anecdote is a short entertaining or
interesting story about a real incident
or person (Nagpal 2016).
• Anecdotes tell about a variety of
stories and tales, since they can be
about any topic under the sun. It is a
short story about a real person or
event which usually intends to make
the listeners laugh or ponder over a
topic (Your Dictionary 2020)
29. Overview
• A Short Story is similar to your
dish. It needs the best ingredients
for you to enjoy its delectable taste.
• Stories are made up of four
important elements:
• Setting
• Characters,
• Plot,
• and Theme
Elements of a Short
Story
30. Marie Aubrey J. Villaceran
The short story "Sinigang" is written in 2001 by
Marie Aubrey J. Villaceran. She is a faculty member
of the Department of English and Comparative
Literature in the University of the Philippines,
Diliman and also the Deputy Director for Research
and Publication at the Center for Women's and
Gender Studies since June 1, 2018. She has a BA and
MA in Creative Writing from the University of the
Philippines and was conferred a PhD in Sociology by La
Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. She teaches
and writes creative nonfiction and her research interests
are gender and migration.
33. First, the story begins with Liza, a
young girl, and her Tita Loleng
preparing Liza's favorite dish,
Sinigang. It was never Liza's turn to
assist her Tita Loleng in making
sinigang. Today, however, Liza was
tasked by her Tita Loleng with
selecting the vegetables to be used in
the Sinigang. They talked about Liza
while cooking because she was at the
funeral of her half-brother, Lem. Lem
died of cancer, but it was clear that he
was her father's son. When he was
still alive, Lem was not always the
nicest to Liza. Despite the fact that he
was a church acolyte, he always
referred to Liza as "sinverguenza," the
shameless daughter.
34. Then, Liza remembered being
greeted by Lem's mother at the
funeral. She stated that she was
not as attractive as her mother.
Liza simply nodded in response to
Lem's mother's request for
forgiveness. Liza was hugged by
Lem's mother, who took this as a
yes. She remembered that she
smelled like perfume and sweat,
but she didn't move to avoid being
impolite. Liza had always
wondered who the boy was who
kept calling his father on the
phone every day when she was a
kid.
35. Finally, she'd found out, it broke
her heart. She had always been
Daddy's girl. When it was time for
Lem's burial, Liza's father looked at
her and apologized as they watched
his coffin being lowered. Dinner will
be served with the sinigang she and
her Tita Loleng prepared. Everything
will be the same, but not the same.
Her father would tell her mother
about his day and then ask each of
them about theirs. Her father would
compliment her on the Sinigang they
cooked, and she would smile at him
as she always did. This time, however,
her smile will not even reach her
eyes.
36. DIRECTIONS: Study the following questions carefully
and write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Where
did the
story
happen?
A. at
the
hospital
B. at
Lem’s
funeral
C. in
the
kitchen
37. DIRECTIONS: Study the following questions carefully
and write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
2. Who are
the
characters
in the story?
A. Liza,
Tita
Loleng,
Sylvia
B. Liza,
Tita
Loleng,
Sylvia,
Dad
C. Liza,
Tita Loleng,
Sylvia, Dad,
Lem, Mom,
Liza’s sister
38. DIRECTIONS: Study the following questions carefully
and write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
3. What do you
think led to the
emotional
separation of
Liza from her
father?
A. the fact
that the
father had
an affair
with
another
woman
and had a
son
B. the fact
that Dad
did not
complimen
t Liza in
cooking
the“siniga
ng”
C. the fact
that the
“sinigang”
was served
in dinner
because it
didn’t
taste good
39. DIRECTIONS:
Study the
following
questions carefully
and write your
answers on a
separate sheet of
paper.
4. What was the most interesting part of the story?
A. when Sylvia, Dad’s other woman asked for
forgiveness
B. when they would eat dinner together as a family
after Lem’s burial
C. Both A and B
44. 1. Character
A character in a short story is
a person, in some stories an
animal, who takes part in the
action of the story or other
literary work.
45. The two most important
characters in a short story:
46. a. The Protagonist
the main character or
most important of all the
characters;
the hero of the story;
the character who learns
something or undergoes
some
changes throughout the
course of the story.
48. The place (locale)
and time (period)
when the story
happens
use descriptive
words to describe
the landscape,
scenery, buildings,
season, or weather
49. 3. Plot
It is the actual story.
It is what the story is all about.
It is also the series of events and
characters’ actions that lead to the
highest point of interest in a short story.
50. a. Exposition
the beginning of the story. This is where the author
introduces the characters, identifies where the story
is happening, and establishes
the main conflict.
51. b. Rising Action
This event occurs as you begin to
move throughout the
story.
This is where conflicts start to
build.
52. c. Climax
– It is the most
exciting part of a
short story.
This is the part in
the story when
important
decisions are
made or
important things
are discovered.
53. d. Falling Action
This point occurs after the
climax as the problems in the
story start to work
themselves out.
The excitement becomes less
and less as the conflict is
resolved.
54. e. Resolution
The solution to the problem in a
story.
The solution may not be what
you hoped for but as long as it
fits the story in tone and theme,
the conflict has been resolved.
56. The main character may be
faced with one of the four
different types of conflict.
These four types of conflict
are:
man versus man;
man versus nature;
man versus himself; and
man versus society.
57.
58. 5. Theme- This is the central idea
in a short story and a general
truth. This is considered as the
author’s message to the readers.
59. 6. Point of View – This
is the way the story is
told or narrated. It is
also known as the
vantage point that a
writer uses to narrate
the story. The
following are the types
of point of view in a
short story:
a. First Person – the narrator participates in and tells the
story using the pronoun ‘I’.
b. Limited Third Person – the narrator is not in the story
and narrates using the pronouns ‘she’ or ‘he’. Also, the
narrator is unable to see into the minds of the
characters.
c. Omniscient Third Person – the narrator is not in the
story and tells the story using the pronouns ‘she’ or ‘he’.
In this point of view, the narrator can tell the thoughts
of the characters as he can see into their minds.
60. What’s More
The elements of a
short story are the
characters, setting,
plot, conflict, theme,
and point of view.
The plot structures
are the following:
exposition, rising
action, climax, falling
action and resolution
61. A. DIRECTIONS: Identify the six (6) elements from the
short story Sinigang.
1. Setting : _____________________________________________________
2.Characters____________________________________________________
3. Plot : _______________________________________________________
4. Conflict : ____________________________________________________
5. Theme : _____________________________________________________
6. Point of View : ________________________________________________
62. B. DIRECTIONS: In this activity, you have to identify the plot
structure of the story “Sinigang”. Write A for exposition; B for
rising action; C for climax; D for falling action; and E for
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. “Did you
meet…her?” Tita
Loleng asked.
2. The woman
looked to me like
she was in her
forties—the same
age as my mother.
63. B. DIRECTIONS: In this activity, you have to identify the plot
structure of the story “Sinigang”. Write A for exposition; B for
rising action; C for climax; D for falling action; and E for
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
3. The woman, upon
seeing my curious
stare, had explained,
“I am Sylvia.”
4. I finally turned to
him. There was only
one question I
needed to ask.
“Why?”
64. B. DIRECTIONS: In this activity, you have to identify the plot
structure of the story “Sinigang”. Write A for exposition; B for
rising action; C for climax; D for falling action; and E for
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
5. I wanted to
scream at her to let
go but I did not
move away.
6. All my muscles tensed
upon hearing her name. It
took all my self-control to
outwardly remain calm and
simply raise an eyebrow.
65. B. DIRECTIONS: In this activity, you have to identify the plot
structure of the story “Sinigang”. Write A for exposition; B for
rising action; C for climax; D for falling action; and E for
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
7. When my Dad had come out
of the room, I remembered
sensing it immediately—the
same way an animal
instinctively perceives when it
is in danger.
8. When her weeping had
subsided, she raised her head
and looked at me. “Everyone
makes mistakes, Liza.” Her eyes
begged for understanding.
66. B. DIRECTIONS: In this activity, you have to identify the plot
structure of the story “Sinigang”. Write A for exposition; B for
rising action; C for climax; D for falling action; and E for
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
9. I continued to pick out
tomatoes for the sinigang
we were to have for
dinner. I wasn’t usually the
one who assisted my aunt
with the cooking.
10. “I’m sorry,” he had told
me.
67.
68. What I Have Learned
DIRECTIONS: Reflect on the short story,
“Sinigang”, by Marie Aubrey J. Villaceran
and answer the questions below. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
1.What significant lesson have you
learned from the story? How will you
apply it in your own life?
2. Why do you think some married men
commit extramarital affair?
3. React on this: It is ordinary in our
Filipino culture for husbands to commit
adultery and look for another woman who
can satisfy their desires simply because
they are men and not saints.
69. What I Can Do
Directions: Choose a part in the story, Sinigang, which you
find the most interesting. Then, produce a three-minute
video of it using the characters’ lines and depicting their
feelings. You may involve a friend or a family member in the
video.
Additional Activities:
Activity 1: Act It Out
70. This is the rubric of the Act It Out or
Role Play:
Script: 1-5 points
Delivery: 1-5 points
Organization: 1-5 points
Elements presented: 1-5 points
TOTAL: 20 points
71.
72. Activity 2: Blog
Directions: Create a blog on moral values that you got from the short
story "Sinigang" and its impact to you as a 21st century learner. Share
it to the world by posting your blog in Facebook. Let your classmate or
friend evaluate your work using the rubric below.
Tick the box of the score given. Be guided of the score and its
description.
Score Description:
5 Excellent
4 Very Good
3 Good
2 Fair
1 Poor
