1. Allenhouse Institute of Technology
Presented on
Industrial Training
PRESENTED BY: GUIDENCE BY:
Akshaya kumar Civil Engg. dept.
Civil – 4th
2. ABOUT U.P. BRIDGE CO. LIMITED
U.P. State Bridge Corporation Ltd. started functioning on 1st March
1973 as a company under U.P. State Government to accelerate the
activities of design and construction of Bridges in the state. U.P. State is
rich in Geographical and topographical diversities like small and big
rivers, varying terrain all through the state. For the speedy
development of the state it was necessary to connect all part of the
state by roads and bridges.
3. INTRODUCTION
The main objective of this training is to gain the knowledge about the
bridge construction but our training is concentrated on the pile
foundation and on the other hand the objective of this project in the
Banaras is to easily movement of the vehicles on the bridge.
4. BRIDGE
A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles without closing
the way underneath such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the
purpose of providing passage over the obstacle.
5. PILE
A deep foundation is a type of foundation which transfers building loads
to the earth farther down from the surface than a shallow foundation
does, to a subsurface layer or a range of depths.
OR
A pile is a vertical structural element of a deep foundation, driven or
drilled deep into the ground at the building site
6. WHY USE PILE
When there is a layer of weak soil at the surface. This layer cannot
support the weight of the building, so the loads of the building have to
bypass this layer and be transferred to the layer of stronger soil or rock
that is below the weak layer.
When a building has very heavy, concentrated loads, such as in a high
rise structure, bridge, or water tank.
Pile foundations are capable of taking higher loads than spread
footings.
7. TYPE OF PILE
There are two types of pile foundations, each of which works in its own
way.
1. End Bearing Pile
In end bearing piles, the bottom end of the pile rests on a layer of
especially strong soil or rock. The load of the building is transferred
through the pile onto the strong layer. In a sense, this pile acts like a
column. The key principle is that the bottom end rests on the surface
which is the intersection of a weak and strong layer. The load therefore
bypasses the weak layer and is safely transferred to the strong layer.
8.
9. 2. Friction Pile
Friction piles work on a different principle. The pile transfers the load of
the building to the soil across the full height of the pile, by friction. In
other words, the entire surface of the pile, which is cylindrical in shape,
works to transfer the forces to the soil.
10. PILE CAP
A pile cap is a very thick cap of concrete that extends over a small group
of piles, generally pile cap transfers the load from the structure to the pile
group, then the load further transfer to the soil.
Pile Cap
11. PIER
A pier is that portion of the bridge between that provides intermediate
support of the superstructure and the foundation.
pier
12. GEO-GRID
A geo grid is geo synthetic material used to reinforce soils and similar
materials. Geo grids are commonly used to reinforce retaining walls.
Geo grids are commonly made of polymer materials, such as polyester
Poly vinyl alcohol, polyethylene or polypropylene. Geo grids are strong
intension. These products are flexible, very durable, and have long-
term design strength.
Geo-Grid
