BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE -URBAN DESIGN - PATRICK GEDDES - GARDEN CITY - TEL AVIV CASE STUDY-AN urban miracle geddes @ tel aviv

1. PRESENTATION OF URBAN DESIGN
P.AKALYA
ISRAEL –PATRICK GEDDES - TEL AVIV CASE STUDY– GARDEN CITY

2. • SIR PATRICK GEDDES
Scottish biologist , scociologist ,
geographer .
Innovative thinking Fields of
Urban planning .
• WHAT ?
• Urban design art of creating and
shaping cities .
• innovative thinking fields of urban
planning .
• Blends architecture and landscape
architecture .
• To make areas functional and attractive .
• WHY ?
• Strategy to develop its economy level ,
livability conditions .
TOWN CITY
CLOISTER
SCHOOL
GEDDES PLAN CONCEPT
ACTIVIT
Y
PLACE
PEOPLE

3. • INTRODUCTION
•NATIONAL HERITAGE SITE .
• Tel Aviv On Israel’s Mediterranean coast .
•CLIMATE – Sub tropical dry summer
•Tel – Aviv cultural , financial &commercial centre
• Urban planned city – Planned by Sir Patrick
Geddes was the first master city plan
•Known as father of modern town planning .
•Designed in 1925 – 1929 . (accepted)
•Good example of early planned city .
•Outstanding example in large scale in 1st part of
20th century .
•The Garden City(founder) & Modern Movement .
ISRAEL – TEL AVIV
• Total area – 52 sq.km
• Residents – 400 thousand
DEMOGRAPHICS

4. LOCATION MAP & SITE
CENTRAL TEL AVIV JAFFA
• Jaffa is near central Tel Aviv in the city Tel
Aviv which is located in Israel .
• TEL AVIV Founded in 1909
• The white city was constructed from early
1930 till 1948 based on urban planning .
• Reflecting modern organic planning
principles .
• They created an outstanding architectural
ensemble of modern movement .

5. LAND
USE
SEA
MICRO
ZONING
MACRO
ZONING

6. IRON& GOLDSMITH TIMBER& FURRIER & BAKER BUTCHER JAM BREWERY PORT& FISHING
STEEL PAPER WOOL INDUSTRY
GEDDES VALLEY SECTION
• Sketches proposed by him.
• Urban & Rural planning
• He knows very well not to mix
‘Nature’ with ‘urbanity’
• There mare no trees in the
town in urban sketch

7. PATRICK GEDDES IDEA
• Narrow stretches of
green open spaces .
• Gardens for each
neighbourhood
• Public public squares
has to be proposed .

8. • Orthodox grid division blocks size
150 / 100 .
• Low medium density prospect .
• Commercial street to north
• Break every 100M or less to allow
cool breeze .
• Public squares has to be proposed
.
• His plan is called a clear
distinction between streets and
vegetation pedestrian .

9. TEL AVIV– CHARACTERISTS , INFLUENCES,INSPIRATION.
• The building were built according to the
modern movement .
• Functional ,
• Flat roof .
• Large windows .
• White walls .
• Without decoration for its own sake .
• Flat roofs , Pilotis .
• Clear separation structure
envelope .
• Façade was asymmetrical , horizontal line ,
combined vertical line including staircase .
• Adaptation to climatic conditions .
LE CORBUSIER
•Construction & columns .
•Roof gardens .
•The free plan .
•Ribbon windows .
•Free facade

10. GARDEN CITY
• Term means ‘a city in gardens or city of
gardens’ .
• He influenced garden city movement.
• A Garden city is a town designed for
healthy living and industry ; of a size
that makes possible a full measure of
social life ; surrounded by a rural belt ;
the whole of the land being in public
ownership or held in trust for
community
• It would accommodate 32,000 people
on the site of 6 acres with concentric
pattern with open spaces , public parks
and radial boulevards .
• Introduced use of Green Belts

11. EVOLUTION – TEL AVIV
• The city of Tel Aviv 1880’s
Jews moved outside the walls
of Jaffa Development
continues through planned
expansions to current position
to large Metropolitian city.
• In attempt to create
neighbourhoods without the
needs of defensive system of
town walls which no longer
added protection . These
neighbourhoods used low rise
buildings .
• The major places in Tel - Aviv are
Menshiyeh and Jaffa .
• Jaffa is one of the most important
ports in Israel.
• Geddes bringing the new in
connection with old city of Jaffa .

12. EVOLUTION – TEL AVIV
• They added small green
spaces , wider street with
more advanced housing
layouts with better
ventilation ,light penetration
and sanitary systems .
• They can be seen
with poor
standards of
traditional urban
model with
limited size
• As of a jewish city
after 1st world war
Tel Aviv was
announced as a
town by Jaffa
municipality

13. THE GEDDES PLAN
• Tel Aviv’s rapid development
built – up area , population 1925 .
• By the end 1925 population
reached 34,200 inhabitants built
up area was covered about 885 acre
(dunam) 2600 buildings
1500 tents & shacks .
• Rapid development required new
comprehensive planning .
• A key feature of the plan is how it
handled the circulation of traffic
• Together with the setbacks and tree
planting this arrangement still provides
a pedestrian – friendly environment .
• Geddes scheme for Tel Aviv can be seen
not as a scheme for model garden city ,
but as an adaption for his idea of
garden city .
• The plan specifies a village like
environment. To be materialized
especially in the low density in high
restrictions of building , particularly in
residential areas .

14. THE GEDDES PLAN
• Some restrictions
originating in
contemporary
evaluation of European
urban conditions were
considered necessary to
allow every house and
street to receive the
maximum amount of
sunlight & to reduce the
congestion of narrow
streets in urban areas .
• The city is designed
with a careful
attention to open
green areas in both
private and public
areas .
• In accordance with
these goals his plan
develops a concept of
metropolitan , urban &
neighbourhoods scale .
•Before completion the
dwelling were sold .
•The building becomes
property co-owned by
residents .
•Each dwelling was
owned privately while all
public spaces , including
ground roof , the
building shell , the access
spaces were commonly
owned & maintained .

15. PROPOSALS OF HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

16. • The plumbing pipes are kept hidden ,
public spaces of the apartment are faced
to the streets .
• A large balcony usually one window
dominated with a façade, later on the
balcony was closed due to practical
reasons to allow the space to use as an
extra room
This allowed the best condition of air &
light

17. GEDDES PLAN
• Maximizing the area of the plan for each
building resulted in four storey with walk up
of single vertical access .
• Each floors consists of 3 – 4 dwellings , each
occupying corner of the building and
stairwell at the core .
• This allowed the best condition of air & light .
• First floor supported with pilotis
• All services like kitchen , bathroom ,toilets
located on the sides & balcony sometimes as
utility function area such as laundry , kitchen
storage .

18. PLAN & SECTION

19. 3 LEVELS OF GARDEN CITY(PLANNING)
THE METROPOLITAN SCALE
• Plan addresses the
metropolitan issues of Tel Aviv
to Jaffa in terms of major
functions
• Addresses the status of Jaffa’s
port of rail connections
between cities development of
seashore as recreation area.
• Regulates the location of
industrial area , markets ,
slaughter’s house to preserve
the quality of residential area .
THE URBAN SCALE
• The plan’s main contribution
is in the creation of street
hierarchy differentiating quiet
residential streets from major
throughways .
• The major streets defines the
large urban blocks structured
by narrow residential streets
with pedestrian lane leads to
public parks and communal
facilities to tennis courts &
playgrounds .
THE URBAN SCALE
• A couple of streets with green
boulevards go east – west
through shoreline & most of
the streets runs parallel
through shoreline .
• Here the plan fails to see the
full potential of the sea .
• To attract the multitudes , the
garden city was designed to be
cheap for both the builder and
buyers .

20. 3 LEVELS OF GARDEN CITY(PLANNING)
THE NEIGHBOURHOOD SCALE
• The spirit of garden village is
best preserved in Geddes village
of home block .
• Small residential blocks
connected to inner space – 1.5 m
roses & vines .
• The passages at the private plots
, allow the residents easy access
for the communal space in
centre .
THE NEIGHBOURHOOD
SCALE
He continuously sees terrace
houses according to climatic
conditions Geddes strongly
recommends detached houses
with no more than two storeys ,
open verandahs and private
garden .
• In tradition of the
garden city Geddes
strongly opposes
apartment type .

21. TEL AVIV GROWTH
YEAR POPULATION NO OF
HOUSES
NUMBER OF
ROOMS
1910 300 60 300
1914 1416 139 995
1919 2084 182 1424
1931 44,116 4029 24,544
1936 80,000 5000 35,000
YEAR BUILT
AREA(m2)
INVESTMENT
1923 33,506 135,000
1926 53,962 216,000
1929 28,710 130,000
1933 353,322 1,767,000
1936 261,224 1,567,000

22. SUPER BLOCK
• The super block –
Open spaces / public
buildings at the core .
• The opposition of
plan came for those
who wanted to build
on the valuable land
that was left in the
core of super block .
SUPER BLOCK CORE

23. HOUSE DEVELOPMENT
• According to the generation of typical
houses their impact was mainly at the
architectural based on modern
movement like striped windows ,
projected balconies , pilotis &flat roofs.
• Tel Aviv modern architecture is rigid
and strict , the purity of style
• Streets , services are separated from
housing .
• Proposals current ideas with
modern movement
• The development mode reduced the
garden city idea

24. ANALYSIS AND CONSEQUENCE OF LAYOUT

25. BUILDING MATERIALS
• Concrete and concrete products
• Reinforced concrete skeleton of columns and
slabs filled with pressed hollow concrete
blocks plastered both sides .
• Interior walls are white washed or while the
exterior walls are white washed or either
decorated with plaster patterns .
• Floors are finished with terrazzo tiles .
• Windows were wood and steel , later on they
were changed to aluminium

26. Two way grid
• North south parallel to
the road
• East west facing the
sea
Main road – 15 to 30 m width
Secondary roads -10 to 12m width
Main street vehicular movement
Sub street pedestrian movement
Main street
Geddes plan
Secondary street
Garden

27. INNER STREET – HOMEWAY
• Public garden within block
• Separation between housing & traffic
• Front yards as buffer .
• Foot path – main and inner street.
Maximum building heights
Junction
• Commercial main roads – 15M
• Other main roads – 14M
• Secondary roads – 9M

28. TEL AVIV URBANSCAPE
• The main success of
Geddes plan is its
provision of a street
hierarchy which
differentiates main
throughways .
• The street pattern
distinguishes
successfully the local
street system
maintaining
pedestrian scale
roads
LOCAL STREET SYSTEM
THE GENERAL PLAN

29. SECTION & VIEWS
The Geddes Plan Boulevards-Sea
Connection .
The combination modern
architecture and advanced
planning
More than 4,000 building are
built in international style .
THE FINAL REVISED PLAN

30. The Aerial photography
of the entire city today
The White city by the sea
TEL AVIV TODAY
• The historic downtown of Tel
Aviv , known as the white city
was recognized as a world
heritage site by UNESCO .
• Tel Aviv has the smartest
residents and push forward for
the smartest city in the world .
• The original plan still serves as a
relavent commodity for city
planners .
• 21st century planners became
Geddes inspiration .

31. LAND USE
2000-2050

32. INFERENCE
• Only no harmful industries were allowed .
• The modern architecture principles such as
minimalism ,functionalism austerity the
principles fitted well the needs and character
and society modest in means and simple in
life
• The spatial dimensions has the strongest
combination to pedestrian movement .
• Many Israel cities are characterized by the
streets

33. THANK YOU