AIDS AND ITS TREATMENT BY ABHISHEK I.S.M

1. HISTORY OF MEDICINE PROJECT
TOPIC- TREATMENT OF
A.I.D.S,WAYS
BY- ABHISHEK
GROUP NO-17
2nd semester,I.S.M

2. INTRODUCTION
 AIDS was first reported in 1981 and in last 25yrs or so it has spread all over the world,
 killing more than 25 million people. O It is an immunodeficiency disease caused by
 retrovirus called Human Immunodeficiency Virus which has RNA as its hereditary
 material. O High risk groups who become infected with this are homosexual men , bisexual men ,
male & female intravenous drug user.

3. SURVEY IN INDIAN CONTEXT

4. Main symptoms of AIDS

5. HIV
 HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It
 is the virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS if not
 treated. O Scientists identified a type of chimpanzee in
 Central Africa as the source of HIV infection in humans.
 They believe that the chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus most likely was transmitted
to humans and mutated into HIV when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came into
contact with their infected blood.

6. HIV GENOMIC STRUCTURE
H.I.V

7. Lentiviruses
Virus Diseases
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Human AIDS
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) AIDS in monkeys
Visna/maedi Virus Neurologic disease Virus

8. Stages of HIV
 Acute HIV Infection
 HIV Dormancy

9. Serological profile of HIV infection

10. Process Of HIV Infection

11. Diagnosis of HIV infection
 C4+ count
 Total leukocyte and lymphocyte count
 T-cell subsets assays
 Platelet count
 IgA and IgG levels
 Diminished cell mediated immunity
 Lymph node biopsy
 Isolation of antigens and antibodies

12. Elisa test

13. HARRT
 HARRT stands for Highly Active Anti
 Retroviral Therapy. It combines drugs from different classes
 slowing HIV replication down at different stages. Combinations are used for;

14. Blocking HIV replication by ART

15. Drugs involve HARRT
 Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
 Protease inhibitors
 Integrase inhibitor
 Fusion inhibitors
 Cytochrome P4503A inhibitors
 Chemokine co-receptor antagonist

16. Immune deficiency in HIV Infection
 Decreased cell mediated immune response
 Decreased activity of NK cells
 Decreased number of t helper cells
 Decreased activity of B lymphocytes
 Decreased activity of monocytes
 Macrophages

17. Immunotherapy for AIDS
 In this phenomenon transfusion based
 treatment is designed to replace lost immunoglobulins needed to fight HIV infection and it can be
done by;

18. Stem cell therapy for AIDS
 Researcher harvest HIV patients' own stem cells
 and attempt to genetically modify them so that they are able to block HIV from infecting CD4 T-cells.
 A donor who carries the mutation and is also a stem cell match for the patient is such a daunting
challenge.
 City of Hope's study seeks to find out if introducing a mimicked form of the CCR5 mutation will have
the same effect.
 The hope is that the mutated cells will survive, persist and replicate in the body, safely forming
protection against the HIV virus.


19. Conclusion
 AIDS is an immunodeficiency disease cause byHIV.
 HIV is highly mutable virus and exhibits frequent antigenic variations.
 HARRT is a life time therapy as it is only able to suppress HIV infection.
 Immunotherapy and stem cell therapy for AIDS is under research.
 No permanent cure for AIDS is present because of its high antigenic variations.


20. References
 Immunotherapy in HIV Infection, Division of Basic Science andVaccine Research, Institute of Human
Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 2013 by Bhawna Pooniama
 HIV stem cell trials patient strives, Cycles for cure, 2017 | by Samantha Bona
 Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an update by Schnittman
SM, Fauci AS
 Avani Sharma and Dr. Pushpa Maurya, 2011 |HIV with
 Special Reference to Antiretroviral Drugs- A thesis submitted to, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna
Garhwal University (Uttarkhand)
 Kuby,Owen, Punt,Stranford (2013),AIDS and other Immunodeficiencies Immunology (431-461)
 Activate Windows O Sarita Aggarwal (2008), Human disease | Biology (683-695)