about aids and its recent treatment method

2.  AIDS was first reported in 1981 and in last
25yrs or so ,it has spread all over the world,
killing more than 25 million people.
 It is an immunodeficiency disease caused by
retrovirus called Human Immunodeficiency
Virus which has RNA as its hereditary
material.
 High risk groups who become infected with
this are homosexual men , bisexual men , male
& female intravenous drug user.

5.  HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It
is the virus that can lead to acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS if not
treated.
 Scientists identified a type of chimpanzee in
Central Africa as the source of HIV infection in
humans. They believe that the chimpanzee version
of the immunodeficiency virus most likely was
transmitted to humans and mutated into HIV
when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat
and came into contact with their infected blood.

7. Virus Diseases
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)
Human AIDS
Simian
Immunodeficiency
Virus (SIV)
AIDS in monkeys
Visna/maedi
Virus
Neurologic disease
in sheep

8.  .
Acute HIV
Infection
• Within 2 to 4 weeks after infection with HIV, people
may experience a flu-like illness, which may last for a
few weeks. When people have acute HIV infection,
they have a large amount of virus in their blood and
are very contagious. Cd 4+ level is >500/μl in blood.
HIV
Dormancy
• During this phase, HIV is still active but reproduces at
very low levels. People may not have any symptoms
or get sick during this time. For people who aren’t
taking medicine to treat HIV, this period can last a
decade or longer, but some may progress through this
phase faster. Cd 4+ level is upto 300/μl in blood.

11.  Cd4+ count
 Total leukocyte and lymphocyte count
 T-cell subsets assays
 Platelet count
 IgA and IgG levels
 Diminished cell mediated immunity
 Lymph node biopsy
 Isolation of antigens and antibodies

13.  HARRT stands for Highly Active Anti-
Retroviral Therapy.
 It combines drugs from different classes
slowing HIV replication down at different
stages. Combinations are used for;
To increase antiviral activity
Reduced dose of individual drug
Reduced risk of toxicity
Reduced risk of resistance

15.  Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
 Protease inhibitors
 Integrase inhibitor
 Fusion inhibitors
 Cytochrome P4503A inhibitors
 Chemokine co-receptor antagonist

16. Decreased
number of
t helper
cells
Decreased
cell mediated
immune
response
Decreased
activity of B
lymphocytes
Decreased
activity of
monocytes
and
macrophages
Decreased
activity of
NK cells

17.  In this phenomenon transfusion based
treatment is designed to replace lost
immunoglobulins needed to fight HIV
infection and it can be done by;
Passive
immunotherapy
To provide
cellular factor like
IL-2
To replace altered
immune cells
harboring the
virus

18.  Researcher harvest HIV patients’ own stem cells
and attempt to genetically modify them so that
they are able to block HIV from infecting CD4 T
cells.
 A donor who carries the mutation and is also a
stem cell match for the patient is such a daunting
challenge, City of Hope’s study seeks to find out if
introducing a mimicked form of the CCR5
mutation will have the same effect. The hope is
that the mutated cells will survive, persist and
replicate in the body, safely forming protection
against the HIV virus.

19.  AIDS is an immunodeficiency disease cause by
HIV.
 HIV is highly mutable virus and exhibits
frequent antigenic variations.
 HARRT is a life time therapy as it is only able
to suppress HIV infection.
 Immunotherapy and stem cell therapy for
AIDS is under research.
 No permanent cure for AIDS is present because
of its high antigenic variations.

20.  Immunotherapy in HIV Infection, Division of Basic Science and
Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of
Maryland School of Medicine,2013 | by Bhawna Pooniama
 HIV stem cell trials patient strives, Cycles for cure, 2017 | by
Samantha Bona
 Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome: an update |by Schnittman SM,
Fauci AS
 Avani Sharma and Dr. Pushpa Maurya, 2011|HIV with
Special Reference to Antiretroviral Drugs- A thesis submitted
to, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University
(Uttarkhand)
 Kuby,Owen,Punt,Stranford (2013),AIDS and other
Immunodeficiencies |Immunology (431-461)
 Sarita Aggarwal (2008), Human disease| Biology (683-695)