Epidemiology person, place, time graph

1. HYPERTENSION

2. HYPERTENSION
• Hypertension, also known as high or raised blood pressure, is a condition in
which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure.
• Blood is carried from the heart to all parts of the body in the vessels.
• Each time the heart beats, it pumps blood into the vessels.
• Blood pressure is created by the force of blood pushing against the walls of
blood vessels (arteries) as it is pumped by the heart.
• The higher the pressure the harder the heart has to pump
• Chronic disease causing disability.
• Its fatal through its complications.
• A public health problem.

3. RISK FACTORS ( MODIFIABLE )
• High salt intake.
• Obesity
• Sedentariness.
• Mental stress.
• Alcoholism
• Reduced potassium intake.
• Hormonal contraceptives.
• Saturated fats.
• Socio-economic status.
• Others- Noise, vibration
temperature & humidity.

4. TYPES OF HYPERTENSION
• Essential
• No underlying cause.
• Accounts for 90% of
cases.
• Onset in age of 40-50.
• Genetic predisposition.
• Family history.
• Racial patterns.
• Secondary
1. Identifiable etiology.
2. Causes are associated
with ;
• Toxemias.
• Kidney diseases.
• Adrenal tumors.

5. PERSON

7. PLACE

10. PREVENTION
• PRIMARY PREVENTION
• The best approach to the primary prevention of hypertension is a
combination of lifestyle changes: weight loss in overweight persons;
increased physical activity; moderation of alcohol intake; and
consumption of a diet that is higher in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat
dairy products and lower in sodium content.
• Secondary prevention
• Secondary prevention measures as those that identify and treat
asymptomatic persons who have already developed risk Examples
include: regular exams and screening tests to detect disease in its
earliest stages (e.g. mammograms to detect breast cancer) daily,
low-dose aspirins and/or diet and exercise programs to prevent
further heart attacks or strokes. factors or preclinical disease but in
whom the condition is not clinically apparent.

11. PREVENTION
• Tertiary Prevention
• Tertiary Prevention This method involves the
treatment of existing diseases in patients. At this
point of care, nurses are tasked with helping
individuals execute a care plan and make any
additional behavior modifications necessary to
improve conditions

12. THANK YOU