Epidemiology person, place, time graph

1. STROKE

2. STROKE IN INDIA
•Prevalence: 84-262/100,000 in rural and 334-424/100,000 in urban
areas.(WHO 2008)
• Incidence: 89/100,000 in 2005, projected to 91/100,000 in 2015
and 98/100,000 in 2030. (Ezzati et al 2004)
• Accounted for 0.9% to 4.5% of total medical admissions and
9.2%-30% of admission to neurological wards. ( Bharucha +
Kuruvilla 1998)

3. PREVENTION
•The best way to prevent a stroke is to address the underlying
causes.This is best done by living healthily, which means:>
•Eating a healthy diet
• Maintaining a healthy weight
•Exercise regularly
• Not smoking
•Avoiding alcohol or moderating consumption.

4. EPIDEMIOLOGY
•Third most common cause of death after cancer and
ischemic heart disease.
•Most common cause of severe physical disability
•Prevalence of stroke in India is about 1.54 per 1000
•Death rate is about 0.6 per 1000
•Incidence and prevalence of stroke is on the rise due to
increasing adoption of unhealthy lifestyle & an increasing
life expectancy

5. Non-modifiable risk factors
•Age:- The risk of stroke increases with age- Stroke risk increased by 9% /y
in men and 10%/y in women (Data from 8 European countries) -The risk of
ischemic stroke and ICH doubles for each successive decade after age 55
•Sex:generally, M>F
•Race:Blacks 38% > whites
•Family history of stroke increases risk by ~ 30%• Father x 2.4, mother x
1.4
•Low birth weight- The odds of stroke in 2500g > 2 x that of 4000 g

6. Stroke Risk Factors
•Risk factors = attributes or exposures associated with increased
probability of disease but are not necessarily causal-
• They directly increase disease probability and if absent or removed
reduce disease probability
•.Stroke risk factors-
• Non-modifiable-
• Modifiable
• Well-documented..
• Less well-documented

15. THANKYOU