Epidemiology person, place, time graph

1. HIV

2. INTRODUCTION
• HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a
virus that attacks the body’s immune
system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead
to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome).
• Other infections -
• Average survival time infection with HIV-
• Infection transfer-
• EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Males>females Occurs in all ages and
ethnic groups.
• All areas of the country are affected .

3. Annual AIDS-Related Deaths and ART Scale-up, India, 2000-14
Since 2007, when the number of AIDS related deaths (ARD) started to show a declining trend,
the annual number of AIDS related deaths has declined by 54%. In 2015 an estimated 67.6
[46.4–106.0] thousand people died of AIDS-related causes nationally (Figure 5, Table 5). This
decline is consistent with the rapid expansion of access to ART in the country. It is estimated that
the scale-up of free ART since 2004 has saved cumulatively around 4.5 lakhs lives in India until
2014.
ARD Aids Related Death
ART-Antiretroviral Therapy

4. Distribution of PLHIV in Select States, 2015
Madhya Pradesh 2%
The total number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in India is estimated at 21.17 lakhs (17.11 lakhs–26.49
lakhs) in 2015 compared with 22.26 lakhs (18.00 lakhs-27.85 lakhs) in 2007. Children (< 15 years) account for
6.54%, while two fifth (40.5%) of total HIV infections are among females. Undivided Andhra Pradesh and
Telangana have the highest estimated number of PLHIV (3.95 lakhs) followed by Maharashtra (3.01 lakhs),
Karnataka (1.99 lakhs), Gujarat (1.66 lakhs), Bihar (1.51 lakhs) and Uttar Pradesh (1.50 lakhs). These seven
States together account for two thirds (64.4%) of total estimated PLHIV.

5. Estimated New HIV Infections in India, 1998–2015
India is estimated to have around 86 (56–129) thousand new HIV infections in 2015 (Table 1), showing
66% decline in new infections from 2000 and 32% decline from 2007, the year set as baseline in the
NACP-IV . Children (<15 years) accounted for 12% (10.4 thousand) of total new infections while the
remaining (75.9 thousand) new infections were among adults (15+years).

6. SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE
• Some people have flu-like symptoms within 2 to 4 weeks
after infection (called acute HIV infection). These
symptoms may last for a few days or several weeks.
Possible symptoms include
• Fever,
• Chills,
• Rash,
• Night sweats,
• Muscle aches,
• Sore throat,
• Fatigue,
• Swollen lymph nodes, and
• Mouth ulcers.
See a health care provider if you have these symptoms and
think you may have been exposed to HIV. Getting tested for
HIV is the only way to know for sure.
Lymph node
swelling
Respiratory system
Dry Cough
Pneumoniae
Sore throat
Muscle
Pain
Joints
Pain
Headache and difficulty
in concentration
Skin
Rashes
Fever
Night sweat
Digestive system
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Nails
Thickening and curving
weight loss and Fatigue

7. RISK FACTORS
• Anyone of any age, race, sex or sexual orientation can be infected
with HIV, but there is greatest risk of HIV/AIDS if you: Have
unprotected sex with someone who is HIV-positive.
• Have another sexually transmitted disease, such as syphilis,
herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea or bacterial vaginosis.
• Share needles during intravenous drug use.
• Received a blood transfusion or blood products before
1985.Newborns or nursing infants whose mothers tested positive
for HIV but did not receive treatment also are at high risk.
• Acute phase has high level of viral production and
mononucleosis-like fever, sore throat, rash, lymphadenopathy,
diarrhea, etc.

8. DIAGNOSIS
Nucleic acid tests (NAT)
Antibody tests
Antigen/antibody tests

9. PREVENTION
• PRIMARY
• Today, more tools than ever are available to prevent HIV. You can use strategies such as
abstinence (not having sex), never sharing needles, and using condoms the right way
every time you have sex. You may also be able to take advantage of HIV prevention
medicines such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
• SECONDARY PREVENTION
• You can use strategies such as abstinence (not having sex), never sharing needles, and
using condoms the right way every time you have sex. You may also be able to take
advantage of HIV prevention medicines such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
• TERTIORY PREVENTION If you're HIV-positive Tell your sexual partners you have HIV..
• Don't share needles or syringes.
• Don't donate blood or organs.
• Don't share razor blades or tooth brushes.
• If you're pregnant, get medical care right away.

10. TREATMENT
There's no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and
no cure for AIDS. But it's possible to protect
yourself and others from infection.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART)

11. THANKS!