Hydrogen as a Fuel in Bike Engine.

1. WATER FUEL BIKE ENGINE

2. PROJECT MEMBERS:-
1)G.JEEVENDRAN (622212114047)
2)V.JOHN VIYAGUL PRIYAN (622212114049)
3)M.KARTHI (62212114052)
4)D.KEERTHIRAJ (622212114060)
PROJECT GUIDE:- Mr.T.MANIKANDAN (AP/MECH)

3. ABSTRACT
A Water fuel engine (hydrogen vehicle) is an alternative fuel vehicle that uses hydrogen as its onboard fuel for motive
power. The term may refer to a personal transportation vehicle, such as an automobile, or any other vehicle that uses
hydrogen in a similar fashion, such as an aircraft. The power plants of such vehicles convert the chemical energy of
hydrogen to mechanical energy either by burning hydrogen in an internal combustion engine, or by reacting hydrogen
with oxygen in a fuel cell to run electric motors. Widespread use of hydrogen for fueling transportation is a key
element of a proposed hydrogen economy.
Hydrogen fuel does not occur naturally on Earth and thus is not an energy source, but is an energy carrier. Currently it
is most frequently made from methane or other fossil fuels. However, it can be produced from a wide range of sources
(such as wind, solar, or nuclear) that are intermittent, too diffuse or too cumbersome to directly propel vehicles.
Integrated wind-to-hydrogen plants, using electrolysis of water, are exploring technologies to deliver costs low
enough, and quantities great enough, to compete with traditional energy sources.

4. IC ENGINE
IC engines are those heat engines that burn their fuel inside the engine cylinder. In internal
combustion engine the chemical energy stored in their operation. The heat energy is converted in to
mechanical energy by the expansion of gases against the piston attached to the crankshaft that can rotate.
PETROL ENGINE
The engine which gives power to propel the automobile vehicle is a petrol burning internal
combustion engine. Petrol is a liquid fuel and is called by the name gasoline in America. The ability of petrol
to furnish power rests on the two basic principles;
• Burning or combustions always accomplished by the production of heat.
• When a gas is heated, it expands. If the volume remains constant, the pressure rises according to Charle’s
law.

5. WORKING
There are only Two strokes involved namely the compression stroke and the power stroke; they are usually
called as upward stroke and downward stroke respectively.
ENGINE SPECIFICATION
Type of fuel used : Petrol/Hydrogen
Cooling system : Air cooled
Number of cylinder : Single
Number of stroke : Two Stroke
Arrangement : Vertical
Cubic capacity : 100 cc

6. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
Hydrogen Gas is a volatile gas at room temperature, it makes the perfect fuel. Hydrogen’s greatest feature, as a
fuel, is that it causes no pollution.
A hydrogen fuel cell works by combing hydrogen gas with atmospheric oxygen. The resulting chemical
reaction generates electric power, and the only by-product it produces is clean water. At a time when there is real
concern about global warming due to carbon emissions, this makes hydrogen fuel a desirable technology and
perhaps the most feasible alternative to petrol and gasoline.
HYDROGEN GAS FROM WATER MIXED WITH KOH:-
Here's some information on a simple homegrown method for producing pure hydrogen gas. The beauty of
this system is that it uses a common inexpensive chemical which is not consumed in the reaction, so it can be
used again and again almost indefinitely (if you use pure water in the reaction).

7. Hydrogen based fuel could potentially be used to run our cars or even drive larger scale power plants,
generating the electricity we need to light our buildings, run our kettles and fridges, and power our computers.
But hydrogen does not occur naturally and it has to be processed.
The chemical is Potassium hydroxide, commonly called caustic potash. It's chemical formula is KOH, and its
used to manufacture soaps, dyes, alkaline battery adhesives.
The chemical reaction we are interested in occurs with water in the following equation.
KOH + H2O = KOOH + H2
The balanced equation is,
2KOH + 2H2O = 2KOOH + 2H2

8. Hydrogen Gas Production From KOH

9. BATTERY
LEAD-ACID WET CELL:
Where high values of load current are necessary, the lead-acid cell is the type most commonly used. The
electrolyte is a dilute solution of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). In the application of battery power to start the engine
in an auto mobile, for example, the load current to the starter motor is typically 200 to 400A. One cell has a
nominal output of 2.1V, but lead-acid cells are often used in a series combination of three for a 6-V battery and
six for a 12-V battery.
The lead acid cell type is a secondary cell or storage cell, which can be recharged. The charge and
discharge cycle can be repeated many times to restore the output voltage, as long as the cell is in good physical
condition. However, heat with excessive charge and discharge currents shortends the useful life to about 3 to 5
years for an automobile battery. Of the different types of secondary cells, the lead-acid type has the highest
output voltage, which allows fewer cells for a specified battery voltage.

10. WORKING PRINCIPLE
The hydrogen gas is produced by mixing the KOH and water with the help of cathode and anode
terminals. The 12 volt battery supply is given to these electrodes, so that the hydrogen is comes out from the
negative terminal tank. This output gas is dipped to the water tank so that hydrogen is produced. This will
explained in the above chapter.
Here's some information on a simple home grown method for producing pure hydrogen gas. The
beauty of this system is that it uses a common inexpensive chemical which is not consumed in the reaction, so it
can be used again and again almost indefinitely (if you use pure water in the reaction). The chemical is
Potassium hydroxide, commonly called caustic potash. It's chemical formula is KOH, and its used to
manufacture soaps, dyes, alkaline batteries, adhesives, fertilizers, drain pipe cleaners, asphalt emulsions, and
purifying industrial gases.

11. The chemical reaction we are interested in occurs with water in the following equation.
KOH + H2O = KOOH + H2
The balanced equation is
2KOH + 2H2O = 2KOOH + 2H2
which means controlling the reverse reaction to recover the KOH without giving back the
hydrogen. There is an easy way to do this however. The gas is stored in a tank. This Gas is given to the gas kit
and this output is given to the input of the carburetor. Before given to the carburetor and the Hydrogen gas top
is mixed in the prober ratio so that the vehicle runs continuously. The reactants flow into the cell, and the
reaction products flow out of it, while the electrolyte remains within it. Fuel cells can operate continuously as
long as the necessary reactant and oxidant flows are maintained. Fuel cells are different from conventional
electrochemical cell batteries in that they consume reactant from an external source, which must be replenished
– a thermodynamically open system.

12. CALCULATIONS
10g of KOH Dissolves in 100 ml of water.
100g of KOH Dissolves in 1Litre of water.
1 Tablet (KOH) = 0.5g
Therefore,200 Tablet for 1Litre.
FUEL EFFICIENCY:
1 Litre (petrol) = 45km
1Litre (KOH +Water Mixture) = 60km
COST:
1 Litre (Petrol)= Rs.63
1 Litre (KOH +Water Mixture)= Rs.20

13. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANGES
Hydrogen cars are beneficial for the environment in a number of ways. For example, they do not emit
greenhouse gases that are harmful for the welfare of the ecosystem. These cars are much more fuel efficient than
gasoline vehicles, and let out less pollution overall.
GOING GREEN
The main objective of using hydrogen cars is to save the environment from the negative impacts of
burning fossil fuels. According to greenliving.com, hydrogen fuel is better because it does not release carbon
dioxide into the air. Hydrogen cars also give more mileage as compared to gasoline-powered vehicles; for
example, a car using hydrogen fuel can go up to twice the mileage as a gasoline car on the same amount of fuel.
ENGINE DURABILITY
Another advantage of hydrogen cars is the engine's strength and durability. Many other types of engines
cannot work properly in high temperatures, and tend to overheat. Hydrogen engines, however, can work in
extremely high temperatures, plus the engines do not corrode as easily as their gasoline counterparts. There are
several ways for hydrogen to be extracted from water, but none are efficient and all are very expensive.

14. HYDROGEN AVAILABILITY
Another disadvantage of hydrogen fuel cars is the difficulty of obtaining liquid hydrogen to use as a
fuel. Hydrogen is not readily gotten from air, so it must be obtained from water molecules. There are several
ways for hydrogen to be extracted from water, but none are efficient and all are very expensive.
HYDROGEN STORAGE
Hydrogen storage is another problem. It takes enormous amounts of space to store liquid hydrogen.
Research is in process on how to more effectively store hydrogen in vehicles, but the solution is yet to be found.
According to greenliving.com, several companies have invested billions of dollars in the development of
efficient hydrogen fuel cells which will carry more hydrogen fuel in a vehicle.

15. APPLICATIONS
• Automobile application
• Two wheeler Application
• Four wheeler Applications

16. COST ESTIMATION
Sl. No. PARTS Qty. Material Amount
(Rs)
i. Frame Stand 1 Mild Steel 1700
ii. Tank 1 M.S 1850
iii. Hydrogen Gas Tank 2 - 8000
iv. Bearing with Bearing
Cap
2 M.S 200
v. Engine 1 100 Cc 6200
Vi Chain with Sprocket 1 M.S 500
viii. Connecting Tube 3 meter Plastic 350
ix. Bolt and Nut - M.S 100
X Wheel Arrangement 1 - 1000
Xi Battery 1 Lead Acid 950
Xi Electrode 2 Steel 400
Xii KOH - - 1650
Xiii Distilled Water - - 300
T0TAL=15490

17. WATER FUEL ENGINE

18. PHOTOCOPY

19. CONCLUSION
The project adventured by us is the one that can be used for both Petrol and water with . Even though it
is complicated to convert to water with in four stroke engine, we have entered to this project. We have done the
project to simple in construction by low expenses.
This is one of the advantageous project conserving the cost and low fuel cost. This project work has
provided us an excellent opportunity and experience, to use our limited knowledge. We gained a lot of practical
knowledge regarding, planning, purchasing, assembling and machining while doing this project work. We feel
that the project work is a good solution to bridge the gates between institution and industries.
We are proud that we have completed the work with the limited time successfully. The WATER FUEL
ENGINE is working with satisfactory conditions. We are able to understand the difficulties in maintaining the
tolerances and also quality. We have done to our ability and skill making maximum use of available facilities. In
conclusion remarks of our project work, let us add a few more lines about our impression project work. Thus we
have developed a “WATER FUEL ENGINE” which helps to know how to achieve low fuel cost to run the
vehicle.

20. THANK YOU