2. Chapter Objectives
After complete this chapter ,the readers should be
able to:
Describe the strategic role and significance of travel
agencies, guidebooks, outbound tour operators, air
carriers, cruise ship and hospitality sector
Identify pattern of sustainability related practices
within featured sectors of the tourism industry
Discuss the opportunities and obstacles faced by
each sectors in pursuit of sustainability.
3. Introduction
Sustainable tourism is an important objective of
government and international organization;
Conventional tourism industry imitate to
alternative tourism by sustainability agenda;
Green consumers and green tourists indicate a
social paradigm shift.
4. Travel Agencies
Travel agencies operate in origin
regions and provide a combination of
retail service such as carriers, car
rentals, tour operators and
accommodations on a commission
basis.
Travel agencies foster sustainability
throughout the tourism system by
providing information about
appropriate behavior, green tourism
businesses/products and giving
preferential exposure to the latter.
5. Sustainability initiatives
ASTA(American Society of Travel Agents)
focuses on tourists responsibilities, tourists' right,
avoidance risk and hot destination;
US based travel agency, the World Travel Club,
marketing seeks to offset the greenhouse gas
emissions of travellers by investing in the
installation of natural gas boiler to reduce the
emissions.
Also, the club attempts to establish connections
with environmentally friendly tourism related
business and donate 1% of revenue to
6. Sustainability initiatives
Internet technologies allows travel
agencies to incorporate with green
products and organizations;
Tradition face to face as an
opportunity to work in highly
personalized way with clients on
more complex specialized
purchases.
E.g. extended long haul vacation or
occasion travel for wedding or
anniversaries.
7. Specialized merchandise:
guidebooks
There are:
Guidebooks
Luggage
Backpacks
Post cards
Souvenirs etc.
Guidebooks are established component of
alternative tourism, responsible or sustainable
tourism.
E.g. Footprint Caribbean Islands
8. Outbound tour operators
Outbound tour operators situated in origin
region, make contracts with:
Airlines
Inbound tour operators
Compile package tours
Organize travel groups
Arrange travel schedules
9. Sustainability related sentiment and
practices
Direction of sustainability among some segments
of the outbound tour operator industry:
• International Federation of Tour Operators; proactive
environmental and social action
• Germany-based TUI; sustainability product quality
long-term survival
• UK-based outbound operator; sustainability
awareness and practices
10. Sustainability related sentiment and
practices
Most prevalent practices cited by
respondents include:
Provision of ecotrip in brochures
Donating to local charities
Supporting research related to
sustainability
Promoting green holiday
Lobbying in destination to improve
infrastructure
Recycling brochure
Selecting tour guide from the local
11. Tour Operators Initiative for
Sustainable Tourism Development
Europe played a leadership role in the Tour
Operator Initiative(TOI) for sustainable Tourism
Development;
In cooperation with the Global Reporting Initiative,
the TOI is developing an extensive set of coded
indicators that are relevant specifically to the
outbound tour operator sector;
Indicators are grouped into categories that include
product management and development, supply
chain management and cooperation with
destination.
12. Transportation providers
Issued related to
sustainability include:
• The extraction and production
of fossil fuels to meet tourism-
related demand;
• Atmospheric and other
pollution (noise, visual);
• The consumption of fuel and
non-fuel natural resources in
the production and
maintenance of vessels used
to transport tourists;
13. Transportation providers
(cont.)
• The provision of supporting
infrastructure, services and facilities
such as road, airport,
accommodation, airport
concentration;
• Parking garages;
• Problem of traffic congestion and
safety.
14. Airlines
Sustainable forms of transportation, dramatic
increase in the volume of air traffic during the
latter half of 21th century;
Commercial airline, 4% of all atmospheric carbon
dioxide ozone depletion and nitrogen oxide
emission, contribute to global warming;
Airline industry implicated as a major contributor
to stratospheric ozone depletion, while inflight
services generate large volumes of solid waste
15. Airlines
o Airline industry
enforced through the
ICAO’s committee on
Aviation Environmental
Protection, include
standards
environmental impact
reduction.
Airport
issue
Congestio
n
Noise
Elevated
pollution
Water
pollution
Increased
crowded
16. Cruise ships
A reputation for irresponsible environmental and
social practices of Cruise Ship industry:
Unusual nature of activities; transportation, accommodation, hospitality and
attraction
High levels of pollution, congestion and waste
Waste and congestion levels
Reducing economic benefits to the broader local community
Flags of convenience, avoid corporate taxes
Globalized sector cannot be easily regulated or policed
Fostering bad environmental track record, release toxic wastes
17. Sustainability initiatives
International Council of Cruise Lines initiates
Cruise Industry Waste Practices and Procedures
programme;
US Environmental Protection Agency applied to
engage in international commerce:
Marine Sanitation Device,
Discharge black water,
Environmental awareness training,
Aggressive recycling,
Process cruise ship wastes
And testing of waste treatment technologies.
18. Sustainability initiatives
In 2003, Ocean Conversation and Tourism
Alliance partnership with Conservation
International with
Protect biodiversity of cruise destination
Improve waste water management
Protect historical and natural resources, partner
with destination group
Promoting environmental awareness among staff
and tourists.
19. Hospitality providers
Hospitality sector influence over destination
sustainability;
The decision of build, type, size of hotel influence
the type, number and their activities;
Hotel provide the visible evidence, easily
overwhelm the local places if designed and
situated insensitively;
Hospitality sector, enormous consume resources
and produce wasted.
Large block of accommodation, integrated resort
enclaves, internalize tourist activities and
20. Pioneering sustainable
tourism
Inter-continental Hotel and resort positioned
environmental ethics at the core business
principles;
International Hotel Environment Initiative, the
largest hotel chains as one of the first formal
organization-wide sustainability programs within
tourism;
Magazine Green Hotelier
Guide environmental best practices for hotel
Web-best benchmarking tool to assess and improve
environmental performance