Rizal was arrested in 1896 after the discovery of the Katipunan rebellion against Spanish rule in the Philippines. He was brought back to Manila from Spain and tried in a military court on charges of rebellion, sedition, and illegal association. Despite denying the charges and asserting his innocence, Rizal was found guilty and sentenced to death by firing squad. He was executed in Manila on December 30, 1896 at Bagumbayan Field.

1. THE ARREST AND TRIAL OF RIZAL

2.  Katipunan - a secret
revolutionary society
founded by Andres
Bonifacio
 Dr. Pio Valenzuela -
secret emissary of
Katipunan to Dapitan

3. For 26 days
(August 6-
September,
1896) Rizal
stayed on
board the
Castilla
August 29 -
Katipunan plot to
rise in arms
against Spain
was discovered
by Father
Mariano Gil
(Augustinian
parish priest of
Tondo)
Katipuneros led
by Emilio Jacinto
tried to rescue
Rizal however he
refused their
rescue offer

4. Last trip to Spain
 August 30 - he received a letter from Governor
Blanco wishing him “happiness” and two
additional letter of recommendation for the
Ministry of War (General Marcelo de Azcarraga,
Philippine born Spaniard) and the Ministry of
Colonies
 September 3, 1896 - left Spain on board the
steamer Isla de Panay
 September 7 - streamer reached Singapore, a
British colony

5.  Don Pedro Roxas and other Filipino friends in
Singapore tried to persuade him to escape
from the clutches of Spain however he refused
again
 Mr. Fort- English lawyer
The crux of Mr. Font’s legal contention was Rizal
was “illegally detained” on the Spanish steamer

6. In Barcelona
 When the steamer
arrived in Barcelona
on October 3, 1896,
Rizal remained there
for three days and
was transferred to
Montjuich Castle on
October 6, 1896

7.  November 3 - the
steamer Colon
arrived in Manila and
was immediately
transferred to Fort
Santiago

8. Tortured:
 *Deodato Arellano
 *Domingo Franco
 *Dr. Pio Valenzuela
 *Timoteo Paez
 *Moises Salvador
 *Paciano(cruelly tortured)
 *Jose Dizon

9.  Headed by Judge Advocate, Colonel
Francisco Olive
 2 kinds of evidence
* 15 documentary
* 15 testimonial

10. Documentary Evidences
1. A letter from Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce
dated Oct. 16, 1888, Madrid.
2. A letter of Rizal to his family dated Aug. 20,
1890, Madrid.
3. A letter from M.H. Del Pilar to Deodato Arellano
dated Jan 7, 1889, Madrid
4. A poem entitled “Kundiman” allegedly written
by Rizal.

11. Documentary Evidences
5. A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified
person, Sept. 18, 1891.
6. A Masonic document dated Feb. 9, 1892.
7. A letter signed “Dimasalang” to Ten Luz
(Juan Zulueta) dated May 24, 1892, H.K.
8. A letter signed Dimasalang to unidentified
committee dated June 1, 1892, Hong Kong.

12. Documentary Evidence
9. An anonymous and undated letter to the
Editor of the Hong Kong Telegraph.
10.A letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Sept.
3, 1892.
11.A letter of Rizal Segundo, dated Sept. 17, 1893.
12.A letter to M.H. Del Pilar to Juan A. Tenluz

13. Documentary Evidence
13.A transcript of the speech of Pinkian (Emilio
Jacinto) in a meeting of the Katipunan on July
23, 1893.
14.Transcript of a speech Tik-Tol (Jose Turiano
Santiago) during the same Katipunan meeting.
15.A poem by Laon Laan (Rizal) entitled A Talisay.

14. Testimonial evidence
*Martin Constantino *Domingo Franco
*Aguedo del Rosario *Jose Dizon
*Ambrosio Salvador *Jose Reyes
*Moises Salvador *Timoteo Paez
*Pedro Serrano Laktaw
*Deodato Arellano
*Dr. Pio Valenzuela
*Antonio Salazar
*Francisco Quison

15. Recommendations
the accused be brought to trial
he should be kept in prison
an order of attachment be issued against his properties to
the amount of 1 M pesos as indemnity
he should be defended in court by an army officer, not by
civilian lawyer

16. Rizal chooses his defender
 Don Luis Taviel de
Andrade- 1st
lieutenant of the
artillery served as his
defender in court
-brother of
Jose(Rizal
“bodyguard” in
Calamba 1887)

17.  December 11 - to the question asked, Rizal
replied:
1. He did not question the jurisdiction of the court
2. He had nothing to amend, except that since his
deportation to Dapitan in 1892 he had not
engaged in politics
3. He did not admit the charges preferred against
him
4. He did not admit the declaration of the
witnesses against him

18.  December 13 -
the case against
Rizal was referred
to Governor
Camilo C. de
Polavieja, who
had just replaced
Governor Blanco

19.  December 15 - he wrote a manifesto to
his people appealing to them to stop
the unnecessary shedding of blood and
to achieve their liberties by means of
education and industry.
 It was written in his prison cell at Fort
Santiago
 Judge Advocate Nicolas de la Peña
recommended to Governor Polavieja
that the manifesto be surpressed.
Accordingly its publication was
prohibited.

20.  December 26, 1896-
he who was
accustomed to
spend this merry
season in the
company of his
beloved family of
dear friends, found
himself alone and
depressed in a
dreary cell.

21. Rizal was accused of 3 crimes:
1. rebellion
2. sedition
3. illegal association
 In his preliminary defense, he further proved his
innocence by twelve points

22.  December 26, 1896(8:00 am) - the court martial
of Rizal started in the military building called
Cuartel de España
 The military court, in spite of Rizal’s additional
defenses, remained indifferent.
 Lt. Co. Arjona closed the trial and ordered the
clearing of the court hall
 After a short deliberation, the seven members of
the military court voted unanimously for the death
of Rizal on the same day.

23.  7 members of military court:
• Lt. Col. Jose Togores Arjona (pres)
• Capt. Ricardo Muños Arias
• Capt. Manuel Reguera
• Capt. Santiago Izquierdo
• Capt. Braulio Rodriguez Nuñez
• Capt. Manuel Diaz Escribano
• Capt. Fernando Perez Rodriguez

24.  December 28 - Gov. Polavieja approved the
decision of the court martial and ordered the
execution of Rizal on December 30th at
Bagumbayan Field (Luneta)

26. Rights of the accused
1. The right to free access to the courts and adequate legal
assistance.
2. The right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have
counsel when under investigation for the commission of an offense.
3. The right against the use of torture, force, violence, threat,
intimidation, or any other means which vitiates the free will.
4. The right against being held in secret, incommunicado, or similar
forms of solitary detention;
5. The right to bail and against excessive bail.
6. The right to due process of law.
7. The right to presumption of innocence.
8. The right to be heard by himself and counsel.
9. The right to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation
against him.

27. Rights of the accused
10. The right to have speedy, impartial, and public trial.
11. The right to meet the witnesses face to face.
12. The right to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of
witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf.
13. The right against self-incrimination.
14. The right against detention by reason of political beliefs and
aspirations.
15. The right against excessive fines.
16. The right against cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment.
17. The right against infliction of the death penalty except for heinous
crimes.
18. The right against double jeopardy.
19. The right against ex post facto law and bill of attainder.