Global health trends

1. THE LIFE AND WORKS
OF RIZAL
MR. EDISON R. DE CASTRO, L.P.T.

2. LEARNING OVERVIEW
The Life and Works of Jose P. Rizal flow in each chapter
of Philippine history and his love for the country became
the inspiration of the Filipinos in different eras. His works
served not only the mirror of our society during the time of
Spanish colonization but also enlightened the Filipinos to
assert their political and civic rights and ask for reform in
our society. His brilliance in philosophy gave us another
source of principles in analyzing our history and
government.

3. MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, the students must be able to:
1.Discuss Jose Rizal’s life within the context of 19th century Philippines
2.Analyze Rizal’s various works, particularly the novels Noli me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo
3.Organize Rizal’s ideas into various themes
4.Demonstrate a critical reading of primary sources
5.Interpret the values that can be derived from studying Rizal’s life and
works
6.Display an appreciation for education and love of country

4. WHAT IS REPUBLIC ACT 1425?
• Republic Act no. 1425 or Rizal Law, is an act to
include in the curricula of all public and private schools,
colleges and universities courses on life, works and
writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing
and distribution thereof, and for other purposes.
(Source: Republic Act No. 1425, s. 1956)

5. THE HERO OF ANDRES BONIFACIO AND THE
KATIPUNEROS
• Jose P. Rizal had the great influence to Andres Bonifacio,
through reading of Rizal’’s works, nationalistic sentiments of
Bonifacio were enhanced and the novels of Rizal gave
Bonifacio an idea about the revolution. And we may
consider Andres Bonifacio as the first hero who recognized
Jose Rizal as his hero. The fanaticism of Andres Bonifacio
to Rizal was evident when he attended the founding of La
Liga Filipina on July 3, 1892.

6. •The La Liga Filipina is a civic organization founded by Jose
Rizal which aimed for the reform in the society through
education and the unity of the whole archipelago. However,
the organization did not attain its goal because Rizal was
exiled to Dapitan and he lived there for four years (July 1892
– July 1896) and his exile pushed Andres Bonifacio and
another six people to establish KKK (Kataastaasan,
Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan).
KKK had different objective than the La Liga Filipina because
it did not aim for reform but independence from Spanish rule
through revolution.

7. •The extent of influence of Rizal to Andres was also
seen in some aspects of KKK, the password of
Bayani, the highest grade or group in KKK was Rizal.
The photograph of Rizal was also hanged in the
headquarters of the KKK. And the presence of Andres
Bonifacio in founding La Liga Filipina on July 3, 1892
was one of the evidences that the Spaniards used to
associate Rizal to Bonifacio and as the founder of
KKK.

8. •While Rizal was in Dapitan, Bonifacio and the members
of KKK had the opportunity to expand to the other
provinces of the country, from Manila to Cavite,
Laguna, Batangas, Bataan and other provinces
which joined the uprising in 1896. The name Jose Rizal
was used to collect funds since during those time Jose
Rizal was considered as a national figure. This action of
the Katipuneros became part of the evidence of the
Spaniards that Jose Rizal was truly the leader of KKK
and the uprising in 1896.

9. •In May 1896, the emissary of KKK (Dr. Pio Valenzuela)
informed Jose Rizal about the plan of the Revolutionist
and sought advice from him. However, Rizal was against
the revolution because he knew that the Filipinos were
not yet ready for the revolution and they did not have a
clear picture of good government that they should
establish after the downfall of the Spanish government in
the Philippines. Aside from this, Rizal believed that the
assistance of the Creoles and the Illustrados was very
important in the revolution since they were educated.

10. •In July 1896, Jose Rizal Boarded a ship that would bring
him to Singapore and from Singapore, he would travel to
Spain because the Governor General granted his request
that he could be a volunteer doctor to Cuba. But upon his
arrival in Madrid, he was not allowed to leave the ship
and for almost a month. He stayed in the ship and then
returned to the Philippines as a prisoner in Fort Santiago.
This was because Spanish government already had the
suspicion about the existence of KKK that Rizal was the
founder of the secret society.

11. •On August 19, 1896, the existence of KKK was
revealed to the Spanish government and on
August 25, 1896, the uprising started and even
without concrete evidence, Rizal was accused as
the leader of the uprising. The existence of KKK
and the revolution were used by the friars to
execute Rizal. Thus, the idea of revolution that
Rizal wrote on his novels also became the reason
why he was executed on December 30, 1896.

12. THE HERO OF EMILIO AGUINALDO AND THE FIRST
PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
•The death of Jose Rizal was the start of the real battle of the Filipinos
against the Spaniards. His death intensified the hate feelings of the
Filipinos against the Spaniards. KKK continued their struggle against
the Spaniards and the colonial government in the Philippines was near
to its end. However, because of the issue about leadership, the conflict
between the two factions of KKK (Magdiwang – Magdalo) led to the
disunity of the Katipuneros and the execution of Andres Bonifacio
signed by Emilio Aguinaldo. The death of Andres Bonifacio was one of
the factors of the failure of the uprisings of the Filipino and on
December 12-15, 1897, the Spaniards and the Filipino decided to end
the hostility and signed the Treaty of Biak na Bato.

13. •However, the group of Emilio Aguinaldo had the opportunity
to communicate to the Americans in Singapore and with their
aid, the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines
ended. Upon the return of Emilio Aguinaldo from Hong Kong.
He declared the Independence of the Philippines on June 12,
1898 and he became the first President. The Administration
of Aguinaldo on December 20,1898, issued his first
proclamation wherein he declared December 30 as Rizal Day
and ordered for the half mast of the Filipino flag from 12:00
noon on December 29 until noon of December 30. (Zaide,
1994)

14. THE HERO OF THE OTHER NATIONALITIES
•Jose P. Rizal was a well-travelled hero; he lived in Europe for eight
years and was able to travel to Japan, America and North America.
During his travel, he spent his time inside the ship in conversation
with other nationalities. Language was not a hindrance to him since
he knew 19 different languages. While he was in Europe, he
attended different gatherings where intelligent and known people
were involved. He wrote different novels, essays and poem which
were published in Europe and circulated in different parts of the
world. And on his death, the people who had the opportunity to
witness his brilliance gave tribute to his greatness.

15. •On November 20, 1897 at the initiative of Dr. Rudolph Virchow,
the president of the Anthropological Society of Berlin sponsored
the scientific neurological services to honor Rizal. And the
periodicals from different countries published the account of Rizal
martyrdom to pay tribute to his greatness. In 1902, Congressman
Henry Allen Cooper of Winconsin delivered a eulogy for Rizal and
recited one of his work (Ultimo Pensamiento) to prove to the
Congress the capability of the Filipino people for self-government
since the race was able to produce a brilliant personality like
Rizal. The result of his appeal was the approval of the Cooper
Law or the Philippine Bill of 1902 (De Ocampo).

16. •During the American colonization in the Philippines, Jose Rizal
was formally recognized and the Americans gave importance to
the contributions of Rizal especially his idea about social
reform. The Americans used education as method of
pacification and so with Jose Rizal who viewed education as
means of attaining reform. The first American civil governor in
the Philippines William Howard Taft approved the Act no. 137
which organized the politico-military district of Morong into the
province of Rizal. Taft’s action was in line with their custom of
naming the important localities in the memory of the person who
had a great influence in the community and in the country.

17. •The naming of the district of Morong after Rizal was the first
official recognition of the Americans to our hero. It was also
William Howard Taft who first expressed the need to choose a
National Hero to the members of the Philippine Assembly. The
discussion of the commission resulted to the list of the following
heroes from the Philippines namely: Marcelo H, Del Pilar,
Graciano Lopez Jaena, Jose P. Rizal, Gen. Antonio Luna, Emilio
Jacinto and Andres Bonifacio and among the list it was Jose P.
Rizal who was chosen as the National hero because of his
contribution in building the sense of nationhood an because of
the extent of the influence of his writings to the Filipinos.

18. •Aside from naming the province of Morong after
his name, in 1913 the American government in
the Philippines ordered the creation of his
monument in Luneta which marked the origin of
the distance of the places in the Philippines
(Kilometer Zero).

19. THE HERO FOR THE FILIPINO YOUTH
•The worth of a hero could not be known to
different generations if the people did not have
a clear understanding of his life, struggle and
writings. The life of Dr. Jose Rizal was well-
documented since he left numerous numbers
of writings, a diary and a lot or correspondence
to his family and friends.

20. •In July 1956, Jose P. Laurel, Claro M. Recto,
Jose B. Laurel Jr., Jacobo Gonzales, Lorenzo
Tañada and other lawmakers sponsored the
Republic Act No. 1425 that would enforce the
teaching of the life and works of Jose P. Rizal in
all public and private schools, colleges and
universities. This law was implemented on August
16, 1956 by the National Congress of Education
and was known as Rizal Law.