This document provides a summary of key events in the last days and trial of Jose Rizal, the Philippine nationalist. It describes his selection of a defense attorney, the reading of charges against him which included being the organizer of insurrection, his defense proving his innocence through 12 points, the verdict of death, and Governor Polavieja signing the execution order for Rizal to be shot on December 30 at Bagumbayan Field.

1. Chapter 24
Last Homecoming and Trial

3. BALAGTASAN
• isang pagtatalo sa pamamagitan ng pagtula.
• hinango sa pangalan ng dakilang manunulat na si
Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar (1788-1862) – AMA
NG TULANG TAGALOG
• ibinatay ang anyo nito sa mga naunang patulang
pagtatalo gaya ng DUPLO, KARAGATAN, at HUWEGO
DE PRENDA.
• Nabuo ang konseptong Balagtasan noong Marso
28, 1924 sa isang pagpupulong sa Tondo, Maynila
para sa paghahanda sa kaarawan ni Francisco
Balagtas.

4. Elemento ng Balagtasan
1.PAKSA PAGTATALUNAN - Maaring magkaiba-iba ng paksa
ngunit ito dapat ay naayon sa tema ng programa.
2. MAMBABALAGTAS -Sila ng bumubuo ng dalawang panig;
sang-ayon at di sang- ayon.
3. LAKANDIWA - Tagapagpakilala at tagapamagitan
4. TAGAPAKINIG / MANONOOD - Ito ang malaking kaibahan ng
balagtasan sapagkat aktibo silang kasama sa mga pagtatalo.
Kadalasan ay sa kanila iniiwan ng lakandiwa ang
responsibilidad na magdesisyon sa balagtasan.
5. TANGHALAN- Pormal na lugar na pagdarausan ng
balagtasan. Mahalaga ito sapagkat kinakailangan ng isang
lugar na pagtitipunan ng mga mambabalagtasan at
manonood.

5. 6. TALUDTURAN LINYA
7. SUKAT - tawag sa bilang ng pantig sa bawat
taludtod
8. TUGMA- ang tawag sa pag-iisang tunog ng
mga huling pantig sa huling salita ng bawat
taludtod ng balagtasan
9. MENSAHE/MAHALAGANG KAISIPAN

7. Buuin ang akronim sa tuong ng mga pariralang may
kaugnayan dito.
B –
A –
L –
A –
G –
T –
A –
S –
A –
N –

8. Sagutin ang sumusunod na tanong:
1. Ilang taludtod mayroon ang tula?
2. Ilang saknong mayroon ang tula?
3. Ano ang sukat ng tula?
4. May tugmaan ba ang dulong salita ng bawat
taludtod ng mga saknong?

9. Sumulat ng isang tula tungkol sa
pagmamahal sa bayan. Sundin ang
pamantayan.
3 saknong
may 4 na taludturan
malayang taludturan
lagyan ng sariling pamagat

10. Sa isang “short bond paper”
iguhit ang simbolo / sagisag ng
pag-ibig na nadarama ng may-akda
para sa kanyang bayan na nakita
sa tula.

12. 3. A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Deodato
Arellano, dated in Madrid, January 7, 1889,
implicating Rizal in the Propaganda campaign
in Spain.
4. A poem entitled Kundiman, allegedly written
by Rizal in Manila on September 12, 1891.
5. A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified
person, dated in Barcelona, September 18,
1891, describing Rizal as man to free the
Philippines from Spanish oppression.

13. 6. A Masonic document, dated in Manila,
February 9, 1892, honoring Rizal for his
patriotic services.
7. A letter signed Dimasalang (Rizal’s
pseudonym) to Tenluz (Juan Zulueta’s
pseudonym), dated in Hongkong, May 24,
1892, stating that he was preparing a safe
refuge for Filipinos who may be persecuted
by the Spanish aunthorities.

14. 8. A letter of Dimasalang to an unidentified
committee, dated in Hongkong, June 1, 1892,
soliciting the aid of the committee in the
“patriotic work”.
9. An anonymous and undated letter to the
Editor of the Hongkong Telegraph, censuring
the banishment of Rizal to Dapitan.
10. A letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated in
Manila, September 3, 1892, saying that the
Filipino people look up to him(Rizal) as their
savior.

15. 11. A letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal,
dated in Manila, March 17, 1893,
informing an unidentified correspondent of
the arrest and banishment of Doroteo
Cortes and Ambrosio Salvador.
12. A letter of Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don
Juan A. Tenluz ( Juan Zulueta), dated in
Madrid, June 1, 1893 recommending the
establishment of as special organization,
independent of Masonry, to help the cause
of the Filipino people.

16. 13. Transcript of a speech of Pingkian
(Emilio Jacinto), in a reunion of the
Katipunan on July 23, 1893, in which the
following cry was uttered “Long Live the
Philippines! Long live Liberty! Long live
Doctor Jose Rizal! Unity!
14. Transcript of a speech of Tik-Tik ( Jose
Turiano Santiago) in the same Katipunan
reunion, where in the katipuneros
shouted: “Long live the eminent Doctor
Jose Rizal! Death to the oppressor nation!”

17. 15. A poem by Laong Laan (Rizal),
entitled A Talisay, in which the author
makes the Dapitan schoolboys sing that
they know how to fight for their rights.

18. The testimonial evidence consisted
of the oral testimonies of Martin
Constantino, Aguedo del Rosario, Jose
Reyes, Moises Salvador, Jose Dizon,
Domingo Franco, Deodato Arellano,
Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Serrano
Laktaw, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Antonio
Salazar, Francisco Quison, and Timoteo
Paez.

19. On November 26, after the
preliminary investigation, Colonel Olive
transmitted the records of the case to
Governor General Ramon Blanco, and
the letter appointed Captain Rafael
Dominguez as special Judge Advocate
to institute the corresponding action
against Rizal.

20. Immediately, Dominguez made a
brief resume of the charges and
returned the papers to Governor
General Blanco who transmitted them
to the Judge Advocate General, Don
Nicolas dela Peña, for an opinion.

21. Rizal Chooses His Defender
On December 8, Feast Day of the
Immaculate Conception, a list of 100
first and second lieutenants in the
Spanish army was presented to Rizal.
He looked over the list. One name
struck his fancy. It was Don Luis Taviel
de Andrade, first Lieutenant of the
Artillery.

22. Reading of Information of Charges to the Accused
December 11, the information of
charges was formally read to Rizal in
prison cell, with his counsel present. He
was accused of being “the principal
organizer and the living soul of the Filipino
insurrection, the founder of societies,
periodicals and books dedicated to
fomenting and propagating ideas of
rebellion”

23. Dominguez forwarded the papers of
the Rizal case to Malacañang Palace on
December 13, the same day when
General Camilo G. de Polavieja, with the
help of the powerful Dominican friars,
became Governor General of the
Philippines, succeeding General Blanco.

24. Rizal’s manifesto to His people
On December 15, Rizal wrote a
manifesto to his people appealing to
them to stop the necessary shedding of
blood and to achieve their liberties by
means of education and industry.

25. Rizal’s saddest Christmas
December 25, 1896, Christmas, his
last on earth, was the saddest in Rizal’s
life. He was in despair for, he had no
illusions about his fate. Brooding over
his hopeless case, he wrote a letter to
Lt. Taviel de Andrade.

26. The trial of Rizal
At 8:00 a.m., December 26, 1896, the
court-martial of Rizal started in the
military building called Cuartel de España.
The trial was opened by Judge
Advocate Dominguez who explained the
case against Rizal. After him, Prosecuting
Attorney Alcocer arose and delivered a long
speech summarizing the charges against
Rizal and urged the court to give the
verdict of death to the accused.

27. Rizal proved his innocence by twelve points:
1. He could not be guilty of rebellion, for
he advised Dr. Pio Valenzuela in
Dapitan not to rise in revolution.
2. He did not correspond with the radical,
revolutionary elements.
3. The revolutionists use his name without
his knowledge. If he were guilty he
could have escaped in Singapore.

28. 4. If he had a hand in the revolution, he could
have escaped in a Moro vinta and would not
have built a home, a hospital, and bought
lands in Dapitan.
5. If he were the chief of the revolution, why
was he not consulted by the revolutionists?
6. It was true he wrote the by-laws of the Liga
Filipina, but this is only a civic association –
not a revolutionary society.

29. 7. The Liga Filipina did not live long, for
after the first meeting he was banished to
Dapitan and it died out.
8. If the Liga was recognized nine months
later, he did not know about it.
9. The Liga did not serve the purpose of
the revolutionists, otherwise they would
not have supplanted it with the
Katipunan.

30. 10. If it were true that there were some
bitter comments in Rizal’s letters, it was
because they were written in 1890 when
his family was being persecuted, being
dispossessed of houses, warehouses,
lands, etc. and his brother and all his
brothers-in-law were deported.
11. His life in Dapitan had been exemplary
as the politico-military commanders and
missionary priests could attest.

31. 12. It was not true that the revolution was
inspired by his one speech at the house of
Doroteo Ongjunco, as alleged by witnesses
whom he would like to confront. His
friends knew his opposition to armed
rebellion. Why did the Katipunan send an
emissary to Dapitan who was unknown to
him? Because those who knew him were
aware that he would never sanction any
violent movement.

32. Polavieja Signs Rizal’s Execution
On December 28th, Polavieja
approved the decision of the court-
martial and ordered Rizal to be shot at
7:00 o’clock in the morning of December
30 at Bagumbayan Field (Luneta).

33. Camilo G. de Polavieja
He signed the fatal document
ordering the execution of Dr. Jose Rizal,
governor General Polavieja won the
eternal odium of the Filipino people. He
and other Spanish officials who were
responsible for the death of Rizal will
evermore remain as obnoxious villains
in Philippine history.