Rizal and his martyrdom

1. From Dapitan to Trial in Fort
Santiago
Prepared by:
Linga, Aira
Ibañez, Allynna Joy
Sales, Denzel

3. D A P I T A N

4. B A G U M B A Y A N

5. E X E C U T I O N

6. ● Rizal stayed in Dapitan for 4 years, 13 days, and a few
hours before he decided to leave for Barcelona, Spain.
● August 6, 1896- unfortunately, he was not able to leave
immediately for Spain because the vessel Isla de Luzon
already left. So, he was transferred to Spanish Cruiser
Castilla and he stayed there from August 6 to September
2, 1896.
● August 19, 1896- the Katipunan plot to overthrow the
Spanish rule was discovered by Fr. Mariano Gil after
Isla de Luzon → Castilla → Isla de Panay

7. ● Rizal received letters from Governor-General Blanco which
absolved him from all the blame for the raging revolution.
● He transferred to Isla de Panay which was sailing to Barcelona,
Spain
○ Don Pedro Roxas was one of the people who were with him
on the ship. When they arrived in Singapore, Don Pedro advised Rizal to
stay and take advantage of the protection of British Law.
Isla de Luzon → Castilla → Isla de Panay

8. THE ARREST
• September 30, 1896
Isla de Panay had already sailed past Port Said
in Egypt and now sailing in the Mediterranean
• October 6, 1896, 3:00 AM
On his 4th day of being held in his cabin at the MV Isla de
Panay docked at Barcelona, Spain on his way to Cuba, Rizal
awakened to be brought to Montjuich Castle in Barcelona,
Spain.
• October 6, 1896, 2:00 PM
When he had arrived at the prison, he was interviewed by
General Eulogio Despujol and it was said that he would be sent
back to Manila.
A message was
received by the ship
ordering that Rizal will
be placed under
arrest. Bernardino
Nozaleda, the
Archbishop of Manila
clamored for the
arrest of Rizal, who
they believe was the
reason for the
Philippine Revolution.

9. THE ARREST
● October 6, 1896, 8:00 PM
After the interview, Rizal was taken aboard the
Colon to go back to Manila
● October 8, 1896
Rizal learned that the Madrid papers were full of
stories regarding the revolutions in the Philippines and he
was blamed for it.
● October 11, 1896
Rizal’s diary was confiscated on his way to Port Said
and his cabin was searched but nothing significant was
found. On November 11, it was returned to him.

10. ● Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez, friends of Rizal,
exerted all their efforts to find a lawyer in Singapore who
aid their friend. They dispatch telegrams to Attorney Hugh
Fort, an English lawyer in Singapore, to rescue Jose Rizal on
his arrival, by means of a writ of habeas corpus.
○ When the Spanish steamer arrived, Atty. Fort instituted
proceedings at the Singapore Court for the immediate
removal of Rizal from the said steamer. But…..
○ Chief Justice Loinel Cox denied the writ of habeas corpus
on the ground because the steamer carries Spanish troops.
Hence, it is a warship of a foreign power which under the
law is beyond the jurisdiction of theSingapore Court.
UNSUCCESSFUL RESCUE IN
SINGAPORE

11. ● November 3, 1896- the Colon arrived in Manila Bay and Rizal
was taken to Fort Santiago, Intramuros
•○ When Spanish authorities are gathering evidence against Rizal
while:
■ Deodato Arellano
■ Dr. Pio Valenzuela
■ Moises Salvador
■ Domingo Franco
■ Temoteo Paez
■ Pedro Serrano Laktaw
● And even his own brother, Paciano, was brutally tortured to
implicate Rizal
THE LAST HOMECOMING

12. ● November 20, 1896 - Rizal was brought before a Spanish
military tribunal headed by Colonel Francisco Olive.
● He was subjected to a grueling five-day investigation.
● He was informed of the charges against him
● He answered the questions asked by the Judge Advocate, but
he was not permitted to confront those who testified against
him.
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

13. o Two kinds of evidence were presented to him – documentary
and testimonial
● There were a total of fifteen exhibits for the documentary evidence.
● Testimonial evidence, on the other hand, was comprised of oral proofs provided
by:
❖ Martin Constantino,
❖ Aguedo del Rosario,
❖ Jose Reyes,
❖ Moises Salvador,
❖ Jose Dizon,
❖ Domingo Franco,
❖ Deodato Arellano,
❖ Ambrosio Salvador
❖ Pio Valenzuela,
❖ Antonio Salazar,
❖ Francisco Quison, and
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

14. 1. A letter of Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce dated Madrid, 16 October 1888 showing
Rizal's connection with the Filipino reform campaign in Spain.
1. A letter of Rizal to his family dated Madrid, 20 August 1890, stating that the deportations
would encourage the people to hate tyranny.
2. A letter from Marcelo H. Del Pilar to Deodato Arellano dated Madrid, 7 January 1889,
Implicating Rizal in the Propaganda campaign in Spain.
3. A poem entitled Kundiman, allegedly written by Rizal in Manila on 12 September 1891.
4. A letter of Carlos Olive to an unidentified person, dated Barcelona, 18 September 1891,
describing Rizal as the man to free the Philippines from Spanish oppression.
5. A masonic document dated Manila, February 1892 honoring Rizal for his patriotic
services.
6. A letter signed by Dimasalang (Rizal's pseudonym) to Tenluz (Juan Zulueta's
pseudonym), dated Hongkong, 24 May 1892, stating that he was preparing a safe refuge
for Filipinos who may be persecuted by the Spanish authorities.
7. A letter signed by Dimasalang (Rizal's pseudonym) to Tenluz (Juan Zulueta's
Documentary and testimonial evidence presented against
Rizal. The documentary evidence consisted of fifteen
exhibits:

15. 8. A letter of Dimasalang to an unidentified committee dated Hongkong, June 1892,
Soliciting the aid of the committee in the "patriotic work".
9. An anonymous and undated letter to the editor of the Hongkong Telegraph, censuring the
banishment of Rizal to Dapitan.
10. A letter of Lidefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila, 8 September 1892, saying that the
Filipino people look up to Rizal as their savior.
11. A letter of Rizal Segundo, dated Manila, 14 September 1893, informing an unidentified
Correspondent of the arrest and banishment of Doroteo Cortes and Ambrocio Salvador.
12. A letter of Marcelo H. Del Pilar to Don Juan A. Tenluz (Juan Zulueta), dated Madrid,June
1893 recommending the establishment of a special organization, independent of Masonry, to
help the cause of the Filipino people.
13. Transcript of a speech of Pingkian (Emilio Jacinto), in a reunion of the Katipunan on 13 July
1893, in which the following cry was uttered "Long live the Philippines! Long live Liberty! Long
live Doctor Rizal! Unity!"
14. Transcript of a speech of Tik-tik (Jose Turiano Santiago) in the same Katipunan reunion,
wherein the katipuneros shouted: "Long live the eminent Doctor Rizal! death to the oppressor
nation!"
Documentary and testimonial evidence presented against
Rizal. The documentary evidence consisted of fifteen
exhibits:

16. THE LITIGATION
• November 26, 1896
after the preliminary investigation, Colonel Olive
transmitted the records of the case to Governor-General
Ramon Blanco who, in turn, appointed Captain Rafael
Dominguez as special Judge Advocate to institute the
corresponding action against Rizal
• December 3, 1896
Dominguez made a brief resume of the charges and
the papers to Governor-General Blanco. Blanco then
transmitted the papers to Judge Advocate General Don
Nicolas de la Peña for an opinion.

17. THE LITIGATION
Judge Advocate General Don Nicolas de la Peña
had four recommendations towards Rizal’s case:
1. Rizal should be brought immediately to the trial and that
2. He must be kept in prison.
3. An order of attachment be issued against his property in the
amount of 1 million pesos as an indemnity
4. And that Rizal must be defended by an army officer, not by a
civilian lawyer
• On December 8, 1896, he chose his defense counsel among a
list of 100 first and second lieutenants in the Spanish Army
submitted to him ● This was the only right given to him.
● He chose Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade who was the brother of
Rizal’s bodyguard, Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade, in Calamba in
1887.

18. CHARGES AGAINST RIZAL
On December 11, 1896, in the presence of
his Spanish counsel, charges against Rizal were
read. When asked regarding his sentiments or
reaction on the charges, Rizal replied that:
● He does not question the jurisdiction of the
court
● He has nothing to amend except that during his
exile in Dapitan, he had not dealt in political
matters
● He had nothing to admit of the political charges
against him
● He had nothing to admit on the declarations of

19. CHARGES AGAINST RIZAL
● On December 13, 1896, the case was forwarded to
Governor-General Camilo de Polavieja who was the
replacement of Governor Blanco.
● On December 15, 1896, inside his cell at Fort Santiago,
Rizal wrote the controversial Manifesto addressed to his
countrymen.
● On December 25, 1896, Accustomed to sharing the merry
season with family, friends, and relatives, the 1896
Christmas was indeed Rizal's saddest. Confined in a dark,
gloomy cell, Rizal was in despair and had no idea of what
his fate may be. Under this delusion, he wrote a letter to
Lt. Taviel de Andrade requested the latter to visit him
before his trial for there was a very important matter they
needed to discuss. Likewise, Rizal greeted the lieutenant
with a joyous Christmas.

20. THE
TRIAL

21. TheTrialofDr.JoseRizal
On December 26, 1896
– At the Hall of Banners of the Cuartel de
España. The court-martial of Rizal
commenced.
Entranceto
Cuartelde
España

22. TheTrialofDr.JoseRizal
His case was pre-judged. –
– After Judge Advocate Dominguez opened
the trial, it was followed by Atty.
Alcocer's reiteration of the charges
against Rizal, urging the court that the
latter be punished with death.

23. TheTrialofDr.JoseRizal
• Lt. Taviel de Andrade took the floor reading
his speech in defense of Rizal.
Lt.LuisTaviel
deAndrade

24. 12PointsToProveHis
Innocence
1. Rizal was against rebellion as testified by Pio Valenzuela.
2. No letter consisting of revolutionary elements was addressed to the
Katipunan was written.
3. Without his consent, the Katipunan used his name as one of the
passwords.
4. If he was guilty, he could have left the country while in exile; he
would not have built a home, and would not have bought a parcel of
land to put up a hospital in Dapitan.
5. The revolutionists could have consulted him if he was the leader.
6. He did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the Liga Filipina, but
to make things clear, it is a different organization from Katipunan. The
former being a civic association and the latter being a revolutionary
society.

25. 12PointsToProveHis
Innocence
7. After the first meeting of the Liga, the association banished because of
his exile in Dapitan and it did not last long.
8. He had no idea, that the Liga was reorganized nine months after.
9. If the Liga had a revolutionary purpose, then Katipunan should not
have been founded.
10. If the Spanish authorities found his letters offending, it was because
in 1890, his family has been persecuted.
11. He lived a good life in Dapitan – the politico military commander and
missionary priest in the province could attest to it.
12. The witnesses said that if the speech delivered at Doroteo Ongjunco’s
house had inspired the revolution, he should be given a chance to confront
these persons. If he was in the revolution, the Katipunan should not have
sent an unfamiliar emissary to him in Dapitan. For this, his friends knew
that he never promoted violence.

26. TheTrialofDr.JoseRizal
• The military court remained indifferent to
the pleads of Rizal.

27. TheTrialofDr.JoseRizal
• On December 28, 1896, Governor-General
Polavieja approved the decision of the court-
martial and ordered Rizal to be shot at 7:00 in
the morning of December 30, 1896, at
Bagumbayan Field.
CamiloGarcíade
Polavieja

28. Rizal’s Execution & Martyrdom

29. LastHoursofRizal
On December 29, 1896, at 6:00 o’clock in the
morning, Captain Rafael Dominguez read before
him the official notice of his execution scheduled
the next day.
CaptainRafael
Dominguez

30. LastHoursofRizal
• At around 10:00, a draft of retraction
arrived prepared by Archbishop
Bernardino Nozaleda.
• Another draft was made by Fr. Pio Pi.
• At ll:30, Rizal signed his retraction from
the Freemasonry.

31. LastHoursofRizal
• On the next day, at 3:30 in the morning of
December 30, 1896, Fr. Balaguer led a
mass.
• At 5:30 am, Rizal had his last breakfast
and autographed his remaining books.

32. LastHoursofRizal
• Rizal gave a book to Josephine as a
wedding gift, Imitacion de Cristo by
Thomas Kempis which he autographed.

33. Rizal’sLettertohisFamily,Sistersand
Brother

34. Execution&Martyrdom
• At around 6:30, Rizal was taken from the
cell of Fort Santiago and the march to
Bagumbayan field began.
• Rizal requested the firing squad to spare
his head which was granted.

35. Execution&Martyrdom
• Jose Rizal died at exactly 7:03 in the
morning of December 30.
• Rizal’s body was secretly buried at Paco
Cemetery.

36. Class
Activity

37. ClassActivity:
EETRH RAHD EDLIBO GSGE
Clue: Last breakfast of Dr. Jose Rizal.
THREE HARD BOILED EGGS

38. ClassActivity:
CITAMIION ED SIROTC
Clue: Dr. Jose Rizal’s gift to his wife, Josephine.
IMITACION DE CRISTO

39. ClassActivity:
TPINAAD
Clue: Outpost of the Spaniards in the Philippines
DAPITAN

40. ClassActivity:
IM ITLUOM ODISA
Clue: The last and longest poem that Dr. Jose
Rizal has ever written.
MI ULTIMO ADIOS

41. ClassActivity:
LONELCO CISNARCOF LIOEV
Clue: The assigned Judge to summon Dr. Jose
Rizal on November 20, 1896.
COLONEL FRANCISCO OLIVE

42. THAN YOU! GOD BLESS!