This document discusses behaviorism and behaviorist techniques in education. It explains that behaviorists believe students are products of their environment and aim to modify behavior through environmental conditioning. Behaviorist teachers control variables like light, temperature and furniture arrangement to elicit desired responses from students. They provide incentives to reinforce positive behaviors and eliminate negative ones. The document outlines the views of influential behaviorists like John B. Watson, who argued psychology should concern objective behaviors, and B.F. Skinner, who created environments that shaped new learned behaviors through consequences.
ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
Behaviorism(1)
1.
2. Or
How to Control the
Behavior of the People
Around You Without
Them Knowing It.
3. Why Teach?
• Behaviorist schools are concerned
w/ modification & shaping of
students’ behavior by providing for
a favorable environment, since they
believe that they are a product of
their environment. They are after
students who exhibit desirable
behavior in society.
5. What to Teach?
• Behaviorists look at “people & other
animals as a complex combinations of
matter that act only in response to
internally or externally or externally
generated physical stimuli”, behaviorist
teachers teach students to respond
favorably to various stimuli in the
environment.
6. How to Teach?
• Behaviorist teachers “ought to
arrange environmental conditions so
that students can make the responses
to stimuli. Physical variables like
light, temperature, arrangement of
furniture, size & quantity of visual
aids have to be controlled to get the
desired responses of the learners.
7. Continuation…
• Teachers ought to make the stimuli
clear and interesting to capture &
hold the learners’ attention. They
ought provide appropriate
incentives to reinforce positive
responses & weaken or eliminate
negative ones.”
9. John B. Watson:
• In 1913, Watson
published "Psychology
as the Behaviorist
Views It."
• Dubbed "Founder of
Behaviorism" for view
that psychology should
be concerned only with
the objective behavior
10. John B. Watson based
on the belief that
behaviors can be
measured, trained,
and changed.
11. B.F. Skinner:
• Skinner's
approach was to
create
environments
that resulted in
new, learned
behaviors
12. Skinner’s Theory
• “All we need to know in order to
describe and explain behavior is this:
actions followed by good outcomes
are likely to recur , and actions
followed by bad outcomes are less
likely to recur.” (Skinner, 1953)
