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The Settlement of the Chesapeake
Reasons for European Migrations to the Americas in the 17 c
Virginia
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],English Colonization
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],England Plants the Jamestown “Seedling”
Jamestown Settlement, 1609
Chesapeake Bay Geographic/environmental problems??
Jamestown Fort & Settlement  Map
Jamestown Fort & Settlement (Computer Generated)
Jamestown Housing
Jamestown Settlement
Jamestown Chapel, 1611
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Jamestown Nightmare
Captain John Smith: The Right Man for the Job?? There was no talk…but dig  gold , wash  gold , refine  gold , load  gold …
Pocahontas A 1616 engraving Pocahontas “saves” Captain John Smith
English Migration:  1610-1660
River Settlement Pattern ,[object Object],[object Object],Social/Economic PROBLEMS???
Jamestown Colonization Pattern: 1620-1660
High Mortality Rates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ Widowarchy” High mortality among husbands and fathers left many women  in the Chesapeake colonies with unusual autonomy and wealth!
Chief Powhatan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Powhatan Confederacy
Powhatan Indian Village
Indian Foods
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Culture Clash in the Chesapeake
Smith’s Portrayal  of  Native Americans
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Culture Clash in the Chesapeake
Powhatan Uprising of 1622
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Culture Clash in the Chesapeake
John Rolfe What finally made the colony prosperous??
Tobacco Plant Virginia’s  gold  and  silver .   -- John Rolfe, 1612
Early Colonial Tobacco 1618  — Virginia produces  20,000 pounds  of    tobacco. 1622  — Despite losing nearly one-third of    its colonists in an Indian attack,   Virginia produces  60,000 pounds  of   tobacco. 1627  — Virginia produces    500,000 pounds   of tobacco. 1629  — Virginia produces    1,500,000 pounds     of tobacco.
Tobacco Prices:  1618-1710 Why did tobacco prices decline so precipitously?
Indentured  Servitude Headright System Indentured Contract, 1746
Indentured Servitude ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Richard Frethorne, Letter to His Parents (1623) Loveing and kind father and mother my most humble duty remembered to you hopeing in God of your good health, as I my selfe am at the makeing hereof, this is to let you understand that I your Child am in a most heavie Case by reason of the nature of the Country is such that it Causeth much sicknes [including scurvy and "the bloody flux"] . . . and when wee are sicke there is nothing to comfort us; for since I came out of the ship, I never at anie thing but pease, and loblollie (that is water gruell)[.] as for deare or venison I never saw anie since I came into this land there is indeed some foule, but Wee are not allowed to goe, and get yt, but must Worke hard both earelie, and late for a messe of water gruell, and a mouthfull of bread, and beife[.] a mouthfull of bread for a pennie loafe must serve for 4 men which is most pitifull if you did knowe as much as I, when people crie out day, and night, Oh that they were in England without their lymbes and would not care to loose anie lymbe to bee in England againe, yea though they beg from doore to doore. . . . I have nothing at all, no not a shirt to my backe, but two Ragges nor no Clothes, but one poore suite, nor but one paire of shooes, but one paire of stockins, but one Capp, but two bands, my Cloke is stollen by one of my owne fellowes, and to his dying hower would not tell mee what he did with it [although some friends saw the "fellowe" buy butter and beef from a ship, probably purchased with Frethorne's cloak]. . . . but I am not halfe a quarter so strong as I was in England, and all is for want of victualls, for I doe protest unto you, that I have eaten more in a day at home than I have allowed me here for a Weeke. . . .  O that you did see may daylie and hourelie sighes, grones, and teares, and thumpes that I afford mine owne brest, and rue and Curse the time of my birth with holy Job. I thought no head had beene able to hold so much water as hath and doth dailie flow from mine eyes.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”
Why was  1619  a pivotal year for the Chesapeake settlement?
Virginia House of Burgesses
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Growing Political Power
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Virginia Becomes a Royal Colony
English Tobacco Label ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
17 c  Population in the Chesapeake WHY this large increase in black popul.??
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Goods Traded with Africa
The “Middle Passage”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Colonial Slavery
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Colonial Slavery
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Frustrated Freemen
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion:  1676 Nathaniel Bacon Governor William Berkeley
Bacon’s Rebellion:  1676
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bacon’s Rebellion
Governor Berkeley’s “Fault Line”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Results of Bacon’s Rebellion
Maryland
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Settlement of Maryland
Colonization of Maryland
St Mary’s City  (1634)
Currency in Early Maryland
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A Haven for Catholics
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A Haven for Catholics
MD Toleration Act,  1649
The Toleration Act of 1649 ...whatsoever person or persons shall from henceforth upon any occasion of offence otherwise in a reproachfull manner or way declare call or denominate any person or persons whatsoever inhabiting, residing, traficking, trading or comercing within this province or within any ports, harbours, creeks or havens to the same belonging, an Heretick, Schismatick, Idolator, Puritan, Independent Presbyterian, Antenomian, Barrowist, Roundhead, Separatist, Popish Priest, Jesuit, Jesuited Papist, Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Brownist or any other name or term in a reproachful manner relating to matters of Religion shall for every such offence foreit and lose the sum of ten shillings Sterling or the value thereof to be levied on the goods and chattels of every such offender and offenders... and if they could not pay, they were to be "publickly whipt and imprisoned without bail" until "he, she, or they shall satisfy the party so offended or grieved by such reproachful language...."
British Colonial Settlements by 1660

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Chesapeake Colonization

  • 1. The Settlement of the Chesapeake
  • 2. Reasons for European Migrations to the Americas in the 17 c
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 8. Jamestown Fort & Settlement Map
  • 9. Jamestown Fort & Settlement (Computer Generated)
  • 13.
  • 14. Captain John Smith: The Right Man for the Job?? There was no talk…but dig gold , wash gold , refine gold , load gold …
  • 15. Pocahontas A 1616 engraving Pocahontas “saves” Captain John Smith
  • 16. English Migration: 1610-1660
  • 17.
  • 19.
  • 20. “ Widowarchy” High mortality among husbands and fathers left many women in the Chesapeake colonies with unusual autonomy and wealth!
  • 21.
  • 25.
  • 26. Smith’s Portrayal of Native Americans
  • 27.
  • 29.
  • 30. John Rolfe What finally made the colony prosperous??
  • 31. Tobacco Plant Virginia’s gold and silver . -- John Rolfe, 1612
  • 32. Early Colonial Tobacco 1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco. 1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco. 1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco. 1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.
  • 33. Tobacco Prices: 1618-1710 Why did tobacco prices decline so precipitously?
  • 34. Indentured Servitude Headright System Indentured Contract, 1746
  • 35.
  • 36. Richard Frethorne, Letter to His Parents (1623) Loveing and kind father and mother my most humble duty remembered to you hopeing in God of your good health, as I my selfe am at the makeing hereof, this is to let you understand that I your Child am in a most heavie Case by reason of the nature of the Country is such that it Causeth much sicknes [including scurvy and "the bloody flux"] . . . and when wee are sicke there is nothing to comfort us; for since I came out of the ship, I never at anie thing but pease, and loblollie (that is water gruell)[.] as for deare or venison I never saw anie since I came into this land there is indeed some foule, but Wee are not allowed to goe, and get yt, but must Worke hard both earelie, and late for a messe of water gruell, and a mouthfull of bread, and beife[.] a mouthfull of bread for a pennie loafe must serve for 4 men which is most pitifull if you did knowe as much as I, when people crie out day, and night, Oh that they were in England without their lymbes and would not care to loose anie lymbe to bee in England againe, yea though they beg from doore to doore. . . . I have nothing at all, no not a shirt to my backe, but two Ragges nor no Clothes, but one poore suite, nor but one paire of shooes, but one paire of stockins, but one Capp, but two bands, my Cloke is stollen by one of my owne fellowes, and to his dying hower would not tell mee what he did with it [although some friends saw the "fellowe" buy butter and beef from a ship, probably purchased with Frethorne's cloak]. . . . but I am not halfe a quarter so strong as I was in England, and all is for want of victualls, for I doe protest unto you, that I have eaten more in a day at home than I have allowed me here for a Weeke. . . . O that you did see may daylie and hourelie sighes, grones, and teares, and thumpes that I afford mine owne brest, and rue and Curse the time of my birth with holy Job. I thought no head had beene able to hold so much water as hath and doth dailie flow from mine eyes.
  • 37.
  • 38. Why was 1619 a pivotal year for the Chesapeake settlement?
  • 39. Virginia House of Burgesses
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43. 17 c Population in the Chesapeake WHY this large increase in black popul.??
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 52.
  • 54.
  • 56.
  • 59. Currency in Early Maryland
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 63. The Toleration Act of 1649 ...whatsoever person or persons shall from henceforth upon any occasion of offence otherwise in a reproachfull manner or way declare call or denominate any person or persons whatsoever inhabiting, residing, traficking, trading or comercing within this province or within any ports, harbours, creeks or havens to the same belonging, an Heretick, Schismatick, Idolator, Puritan, Independent Presbyterian, Antenomian, Barrowist, Roundhead, Separatist, Popish Priest, Jesuit, Jesuited Papist, Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Brownist or any other name or term in a reproachful manner relating to matters of Religion shall for every such offence foreit and lose the sum of ten shillings Sterling or the value thereof to be levied on the goods and chattels of every such offender and offenders... and if they could not pay, they were to be "publickly whipt and imprisoned without bail" until "he, she, or they shall satisfy the party so offended or grieved by such reproachful language...."

Editor's Notes

  1. The Second Atlantic system was the trade of enslaved Africans by mostly British, Portuguese, French and Dutch traders. The main destinations of this phase were the Caribbean colonies and Brazil , as European nations built up economically slave-dependent colonies in the New World. [40] Only slightly more than 3% of the enslaved people exported were traded between 1450 and 1600, 16% in the 17th century. More than half of them were exported in the 18th century, the remaining 28.5% in the 19th century. [41] Under the leadership of Thomas Jefferson , the new state of Virginia in 1778 became the first state and one of the first jurisdictions anywhere to stop the importation of slaves for sale; it made it a crime for traders to bring in slaves from out of state or from overseas for sale; migrants from other states were allowed to bring their own slaves. The new law freed all slaves brought in illegally after its passage and imposed heavy fines on violators. [102] [103] Denmark , which had been active in the slave trade, was the first country to ban the trade through legislation in 1792, which took effect in 1803. Britain banned the slave trade in 1807, imposing stiff fines for any slave found aboard a British ship ( see Slave Trade Act 1807 ). The Royal Navy , which then controlled the world's seas, moved to stop other nations from continuing the slave trade and declared that slaving was equal to piracy and was punishable by death. The United States Congress passed the Slave Trade Act of 1794 , which prohibited the building or outfitting of ships in the U.S. for use in the slave trade. In 1807 Congress, acting on the request of President Jefferson, outlawed the importation of slaves beginning on January 1, 1808, the earliest date permitted by the United States Constitution for such a ban.
  2. A proprietary colony was a colony in which one or more individuals, usually land owners, remaining subject to their parent state 's sanctions, retained rights that are today regarded as the privilege of the state, and in all cases eventually became so. [1] This type of indirect rule eventually fell out of favor as the colonies became established and administrative difficulties eased. The English Sovereigns sought to concentrate their power and authority and the colonies were converted to crown colonies , i.e. governed by officials appointed by the King replacing the people the King had previously appointed and under different terms