1. Presented By: - Nida Afzal
Sunil Pandey

2. 
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Qualities, characteristics, or ideas about
which we feel strongly.
Our values affect our decisions, goals and
behavior.
A belief or feeling that someone or
something is worthwhile.

3. 
Values define what is of worth, what is
beneficial, and what is harmful

Values are standards to guide your action,
judgments, and attitudes

4. 
Immaturity:
◦
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Unclear values
Drifters
Flighty (irresponsible)
Uncertain
Apathetic

Maturity
◦ Clear values
◦ Life of purpose
◦ Meaning and
direction

5. 
Values give direction and consistency to
behavior.

Values help you know what to and not to make
time for.

Values establish a relationship between you and
the world.

Values set the direction for one’s life.

6. 
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our homes,
school,
society,
friends,
TV,
Temple/church,
music,
books,
families,

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culture,
employers,
time-period

7. 
Ages 1-7 --- parents

Ages 8-13 --- teachers, heroes (sports, rocks,
TV)

Ages 14-20 --- peers (values because of peers
or peers because of values?)

Ages 21+ your values are established, but you
may test your values from time to time.

8. 
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Happiness comes from letting values decide
your behavior and goals.
Values can change over a life-time as your
experiences change your view.

9. “It’s not doing things
right,
but doing the right
things. “

12. A psychological tendency that is expressed by
evaluating a particular entity with some
degree of favor or disfavor *
Attitudes are much less stable than
Values
* From: Eagley and Chaiken (1993). The Psychology of Attitudes.

13. ◦ Three Components
 Cognitive –the value component (killing is wrong)
 Affective –An emotional component (I am angry at the
terrorists)
 Behavioral-the action component, the intent to act in a
certain way. (Give blood, prayer vigil)

14. 
Attitudes affect the way you do your job and
how you relate to others.

15. 
Job Satisfaction◦ What do I think about working here

Job Involvement◦ Linking job with self worth

Organizational commitment
◦ Do I identify with the organization and its goals

16. 
Attitudes change to fit circumstances

Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Individual will attempt to reduce or eliminate
differences between attitudes or between
attitude and behavior and thus reduce
discomfort if:

17. 
Difference is important

They have some control in the reduction
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Social pressure to conform isn’t too great

Difference isn’t reinforced by personal
experience

18. Attitudes are used, after the fact to make sense
out of an action that has already occurred.

19. 
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If your attitudes are well established, you will
use them to guide your behavior
If your attitudes are not well established, you
will infer your attitudes from the prior
behavior.