these set of slides are about skin infections particularly cellulitis...they aren't complete, however they can give you clues about these infections. hope you enjoy them
The document discusses various skin conditions including acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, infections, and neoplasms. It provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical features, and histopathology of conditions like urticaria, eczema, psoriasis, lichen planus, impetigo, fungal infections, viral infections including warts and molluscum, and acne. Case studies are presented to demonstrate clinical presentations.
The document discusses various skin conditions including acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, infections, and neoplasms. It provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical features, and histopathology of conditions like urticaria, eczema, psoriasis, lichen planus, impetigo, fungal infections, viral infections including warts and molluscum, and acne. Case studies are presented to demonstrate clinical presentations.
This document discusses various skin conditions and infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It provides information on pathogens, signs and symptoms, and management for conditions like impetigo, boils, carbuncles, folliculitis, acne, ringworm, athlete's foot, candidiasis, herpes, and more. Treatment involves topical antiseptics, antibiotics, antifungals, or antivirals as appropriate for each condition. Prevention emphasizes hygiene, avoiding irritation, and not spreading infections between individuals.
The document describes and classifies various skin lesions. It defines 26 different lesions including macules, papules, plaques, vesicles, bullae, pustules, cysts, nodules and wheals as primary skin lesions. Secondary skin lesions include scales, crusts, fissures, erosions, ulcers, lichenification and atrophy. Special skin lesions include telangiectasia, phlebectasia, burrows and comedones. Vasculopathies like petechiae, purpura and ecchymosis are also defined. Iris-like lesions are used to describe erythema multiforme. Each lesion is concisely defined and an example is provided.
Subspecialty of dermatology and pathology focused on performing and interpreting tests on human tissue samples to provide scientific data and consultative opinions to referring clinicians
A 3-year-old boy presents with a high fever for the past few days. On examination, he has bilateral conjunctival injection without exudate. This is likely due to an adenoviral conjunctivitis, which commonly causes pink eye in children. Supportive care with cool compresses is the appropriate initial treatment. Close follow-up is needed in case the infection spreads or complications arise.
This document provides an overview and objectives of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). It defines various SSTIs such as cellulitis, impetigo, erysipelas, abscesses, and necrotizing fasciitis. It then describes risk factors, symptoms, causative organisms, and treatment recommendations for various SSTIs like cellulitis, impetigo, erysipelas, animal and human bites, surgical site infections, and infections in neutropenic patients. The objectives are to classify, present case studies of, and discuss best practices for managing different types of SSTIs.
This document provides an overview of common skin and soft tissue infections, including their causes, symptoms, classifications, and treatments. It discusses infections such as impetigo, cellulitis, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, and infections of the bones and joints. The key points covered include the clinical presentations and differential diagnoses of various infections, as well as empirical and organism-based antibiotic therapies.
The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outer protective layer, the dermis is a lower supporting layer that gives strength and acts as a reservoir to fight infections, and the hypodermis is a layer of fatty tissue that supports the skin. The skin acts as a protective barrier and plays roles in temperature regulation, sensation, and waste excretion. Fungal infections can be superficial or deep, with superficial infections affecting the outer layers and deep infections invading living tissue. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory drugs that work by suppressing the immune system and inflammatory response.
Atopic eczema is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin condition characterised by an itchy red rash that favours the skin creases such as the folds of the elbows or behind the knees.
This document discusses various skin conditions and infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It provides information on pathogens, signs and symptoms, and management for conditions like impetigo, boils, carbuncles, folliculitis, acne, ringworm, athlete's foot, candidiasis, herpes, and more. Treatment involves topical antiseptics, antibiotics, antifungals, or antivirals as appropriate for each condition. Prevention emphasizes hygiene, avoiding irritation, and not spreading infections between individuals.
The document describes and classifies various skin lesions. It defines 26 different lesions including macules, papules, plaques, vesicles, bullae, pustules, cysts, nodules and wheals as primary skin lesions. Secondary skin lesions include scales, crusts, fissures, erosions, ulcers, lichenification and atrophy. Special skin lesions include telangiectasia, phlebectasia, burrows and comedones. Vasculopathies like petechiae, purpura and ecchymosis are also defined. Iris-like lesions are used to describe erythema multiforme. Each lesion is concisely defined and an example is provided.
Subspecialty of dermatology and pathology focused on performing and interpreting tests on human tissue samples to provide scientific data and consultative opinions to referring clinicians
A 3-year-old boy presents with a high fever for the past few days. On examination, he has bilateral conjunctival injection without exudate. This is likely due to an adenoviral conjunctivitis, which commonly causes pink eye in children. Supportive care with cool compresses is the appropriate initial treatment. Close follow-up is needed in case the infection spreads or complications arise.
This document provides an overview and objectives of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). It defines various SSTIs such as cellulitis, impetigo, erysipelas, abscesses, and necrotizing fasciitis. It then describes risk factors, symptoms, causative organisms, and treatment recommendations for various SSTIs like cellulitis, impetigo, erysipelas, animal and human bites, surgical site infections, and infections in neutropenic patients. The objectives are to classify, present case studies of, and discuss best practices for managing different types of SSTIs.
This document provides an overview of common skin and soft tissue infections, including their causes, symptoms, classifications, and treatments. It discusses infections such as impetigo, cellulitis, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, and infections of the bones and joints. The key points covered include the clinical presentations and differential diagnoses of various infections, as well as empirical and organism-based antibiotic therapies.
The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outer protective layer, the dermis is a lower supporting layer that gives strength and acts as a reservoir to fight infections, and the hypodermis is a layer of fatty tissue that supports the skin. The skin acts as a protective barrier and plays roles in temperature regulation, sensation, and waste excretion. Fungal infections can be superficial or deep, with superficial infections affecting the outer layers and deep infections invading living tissue. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory drugs that work by suppressing the immune system and inflammatory response.
Atopic eczema is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin condition characterised by an itchy red rash that favours the skin creases such as the folds of the elbows or behind the knees.
This document discusses antibiotic resistance and the importance of prudent antibiotic use. It notes that nearly half of hospitalized patients receive antibiotics, and inappropriate use can contribute to resistance. Examples of misuse include treating viral infections with antibiotics and prescribing antibiotics without understanding principles of use. The document emphasizes the need for antibiotic stewardship programs and policies to guide appropriate antibiotic selection and use. Education of healthcare workers is important to successfully implement antibiotic policies.
A brief presentation on the efficacy and safety of contact precautions and MRSA, given as a student at Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, MA
Nuevas y futuras opciones antimicrobianas ante infecciones por MRSA - Dr. Cas...David Castelo
Este documento discute opciones antimicrobianas para infecciones por MRSA, incluyendo tendencias históricas de resistencia, recomendaciones de guías para el manejo de MRSA, y nuevas opciones como ceftarolina. Ceftarolina es una cefalosporina de quinta generación con amplio espectro contra bacterias Gram-positivas y Gram-negativas, incluyendo VRSA, MRSA y MSSA. Tiene indicaciones aprobadas para neumonía adquirida en la comunidad y infecciones bacterianas agudas de la p
This document discusses methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in the community. It notes that MRSA emerged as a cause of infection in the community in the 1990s. Initially, MRSA strains in healthcare settings differed from community-associated MRSA strains, but the predominant community-associated strain (USA300) is now also found in some healthcare settings. Community-associated MRSA often presents as skin and soft tissue infections. Treatment recommendations include drainage of purulent lesions, obtaining cultures, and consideration of empiric antimicrobial therapy based on local resistance patterns.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans. It is also called Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA). Community-associated MRSA infections (CA-MRSA) are MRSA infections in healthy people who have not been hospitalized or had a medical procedure (such as dialysis or surgery) within the past one year.
Patogenia, etiología, impetigo, celulitis, erisipela, piomiositis, fascitis necrosante, recomendaciones de la Asociación Americana de enfermedades infecciosas.
This document provides information on bacterial skin infections (pyodermas). It classifies pyodermas as either primary (caused by underlying conditions like eczema) or secondary (caused by pathogens). Non-follicular pyodermas include impetigo, ecthyma, erysipelas, and cellulitis. Follicular pyodermas include folliculitis, furunculosis, and carbuncle. Treatment involves identifying and treating predisposing factors, supportive measures, and using topical or oral antibiotics with gram-positive coverage depending on the severity and location of the infection. Localized infections are typically treated with topical antibiotics while widespread or deep infections may require oral antibiotics.
Este documento presenta el caso de una mujer de 58 años que ingresó al hospital con celulitis en la pierna izquierda y antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y obesidad mórbida. El examen físico y los exámenes de laboratorio revelaron signos de inflamación en la pierna izquierda y parámetros anormales. El diagnóstico fue celulitis de la pierna izquierda, hipertensión arterial e obesidad mórbida. El tratamiento incluyó antibióticos, antihipertensivos y dieta. El documento también resume
This document discusses various antibiotics, their uses, and emerging issues with antibiotic resistance. It provides guidance on empiric treatment for common infections like community-acquired pneumonia and skin/soft tissue infections.
For a case of community-acquired pneumonia, the patient was initially treated empirically with Augmentin and clarithromycin per guidelines. Testing later found penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, requiring a change to higher dose beta-lactams, vancomycin, or fluoroquinolones.
A case of cellulitis grew methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus despite initial Augmentin treatment. The drug of choice for MRSA is vancomycin,
The document discusses various infections that can affect newborns, categorized by type of pathogen. It describes bacterial infections such as those caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus, which can cause skin conditions like impetigo, breast abscesses, and cellulitis. It also covers viral infections such as herpes simplex virus and TORCH infections that can be acquired prenatally, during delivery, or postnatally. Fungal and parasitic infections that may infect newborns are also mentioned. Treatment options are provided for some common bacterial skin infections.
Infecciones de la piel y partes blandas 2016Oscar Furlong
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de infecciones de piel y partes blandas, incluyendo erisipela, celulitis, forunculosis, piomiositis e infecciones por SAMR adquirido en la comunidad. Define cada una de estas infecciones, sus causas, síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Enfatiza la importancia de realizar un diagnóstico clínico preciso y tratar adecuadamente cada infección teniendo en cuenta factores como la gravedad de los síntomas y comorbilidades del paciente.
This document discusses various types of multi-drug resistant bacteria including MRSA, VRSA, ESBL-producing bacteria, and KPC-producing bacteria. It provides details on the mechanisms of drug resistance, epidemiology, laboratory detection methods, and treatment recommendations for infections caused by these organisms. Specific topics covered include the worldwide spread of MRSA, mechanisms of methicillin and vancomycin resistance, diagnosis of MRSA and VISA/VRSA, and treatment options. The document also discusses the various beta-lactamase enzymes that confer ESBL and carbapenemase resistance, worldwide distribution of resistance, detection methods for ESBLs and KPC, and reliable drug options for treating ESBL and KPC infections.
Infecciones de piel y partes blandas: ¿Cómo mejorar su manejo?PROANTIBIOTICOS
Este documento discute posibles problemas en el manejo de infecciones de piel y partes blandas (IPPB) en el hospital y propone soluciones. Identifica 7 problemas potenciales: 1) identificación de la gravedad, 2) anticipación de la etiología, 3) tratamiento antibiótico inicial, 4) ámbito sanitario, 5) indicación quirúrgica, 6) evolución del paciente y 7) ajuste del tratamiento antibiótico. El documento analiza cada problema y presenta evidencia de la literatura médica para mejorar los protocolos de
Management of skin and soft tissue infections with ayurveda w.s.r, rasayan ch...dr.shailesh phalle
Management of skin and soft tissue infections with ayurveda w.s.r, rasayan chikitsa by dr.shailesh phalle
Thease slides are healpful for chronic skin disorders and immunity realted diseases.
Eczema - A Case Presentation (by Dr. Julius King Kwedhi)Dr. Julius Kwedhi
Eczema: Come from the Greek name for boiling, a reference to the tiny vesicles (bubbles) that are commonly seen in the early acute stage of the disease
An immune-mediated inflammation of the skin arising from an interaction between genetic (e.g. epidermal barrier function, immune system) and environmental factors (foods, airborne allergens, Staphylococcus aureus colonization on skin due to deficiencies in endogenous antimicrobial peptides, topical products)
The eczemas are a disparate group of diseases, but unified by the presence of itch and, in the acute stages, of oedema (spongiosis) in the epidermis
This document discusses common skin infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It begins by explaining that the skin provides defense against microorganisms. It then covers specific bacterial infections like impetigo, erysipelas, and cellulitis caused by streptococci and staphylococci. Fungal infections like dermatophytosis and candidiasis are also discussed. Finally, it examines viral skin infections including herpes simplex, varicella zoster virus, and molluscum contagiosum. The document provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical features, and types of several common infectious skin diseases.
This document discusses common skin and soft tissue infections, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines different types of infections such as impetigo, cellulitis, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, pyomyositis, and folliculitis. For each infection, it describes the characteristic clinical manifestations and recommendations for antimicrobial therapy. The goal of treatment is to use organism-based or empirical antibiotics, along with surgical drainage if necessary, to resolve the infection.
Erythema multiforme is a skin reaction typically caused by infections like herpes simplex virus or medications. It is characterized by target-shaped lesions on the hands, feet, and oral cavity. The lesions begin as red spots or circular blisters that develop concentric rings and resolve within 2-3 weeks. Treatment focuses on treating the underlying cause, antiviral medications, corticosteroids, and relief of symptoms.
Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, most commonly caused by Staphylococcus or Streptococcus bacteria. It has an incidence rate of 24.6 per 1,000 person-years and most often affects the lower extremities. Risk factors include local skin trauma, pre-existing skin infections, and immunosuppression. Mild cases are treated with oral antibiotics while more severe cases require intravenous antibiotics and hospitalization. Complications can include blood infections, bone infections, and in rare cases, tissue death.
Impetigo is a superficial skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. It presents as vesiculopustular or crusted lesions. There are two forms: non-bullous and bullous. Treatment for limited disease involves warm compresses and topical mupirocin. Extensive disease requires oral antibiotics like cephalexin, doxycycline, or TMP/SMX depending on culture results and risk of MRSA. Furuncles are hair follicle infections causing boils, while carbuncles are clusters of infected follicles. Treatment involves incision and oral antibiotics for complicated cases. Necrotizing soft tissue infections are life-threatening invasive infections of
Getting under your skin understanding the root causes of eczemaDivine Prospect
This document discusses the root causes and treatments of eczema. It begins by providing statistics on the prevalence of eczema in the United States, noting that it affects millions of people including many children and adults. The document then explores the root causes of eczema, which can include both external factors like compromised skin barriers and internal immune responses, as well as deficiencies in vitamins, proteins, and bacteria that protect the skin. Finally, the document outlines several potential solutions for treating eczema both topically through the skin and internally through diet, supplements, probiotics and other lifestyle changes.
hanifin and rajka criteria, entymology, definition of AD, atopy, etiopathogenesis of AD, genetics in AD, filaggrin, epidermal barrier dysfunction, atopic march, hygiene hypothesis, infantile phase of AD, childhood phase of AD, adult phase of AD, pityriasis alba, denne morgan folds, dirty neck appearence, nipple dermatitis, hanifin and rajka criteria, UK refinement of hanifin and rajka criteria, millenium criteria of AD, japanese dermatological association criteria, management of AD, wet wrap therapy,
This is a lecture given at the American University of Beirut for medical students during their dermatology rotation as an elective.
It is an introductory lecture about skin inflammatory diseases.
Cellulitis is an acute bacterial skin infection that causes skin inflammation and swelling. It is usually caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus entering through a break in the skin. Risk factors include skin injuries, conditions like eczema, obesity, and diabetes. Signs include redness, pain, swelling and warmth in the infected area. Treatment involves antibiotics, wound care, elevation and rest. Complications can include tissue damage, gangrene and sepsis if not properly treated.
Dermatological infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Common bacterial infections include impetigo, cellulitis and abscesses which are usually treated with antibiotics. Viral infections like herpes simplex and zoster typically require antiviral medication. Fungal infections such as ringworm and candidiasis respond to topical antifungal creams. Parasitic infections like scabies and head lice can be treated with scabicides or pediculicides. Proper treatment aims to eliminate the infecting pathogen and relieve symptoms.
Overview of Skin infections- July 2022.pdfAdamu Mohammad
This document provides an overview of various skin infections. It discusses bacterial infections like cellulitis, erysipelas, folliculitis, impetigo and furunculosis. It also covers fungal infections such as tinea, candidiasis, pityriasis versicolor and deeper fungal infections. Viral infections including warts and herpes are mentioned. Finally, it summarizes parasitic infestations like scabies, larva migrans and head lice. For each condition, it provides details on pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment.
This document provides information about common skin conditions and diseases. It begins with an overview of the structure and function of skin, including its two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. It then discusses six common skin conditions in adults: acne, cellulitis, psoriasis, shingles, skin cancers, and vasculitis. Treatment options are provided for each condition. The document also summarizes six common skin conditions in children: chickenpox, eczema, Henoch–Schönlein purpura, impetigo, impetiginized eczema, and miliaria.
Eczema is a non-contagious skin condition that causes itching, inflammation, and sometimes pain. It has no cure but can be effectively treated. The main types of eczema are contact dermatitis, atopic eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, and napkin dermatitis. Treatment depends on the type and severity of eczema, and involves moisturizers, topical corticosteroids or immunomodulators, oral medications in severe cases, and managing triggers. The goal is to relieve symptoms and prevent complications like infection.
1) The document discusses the histology and layers of skin, classification and pathophysiology of burns by depth, and treatment approaches for burns. It covers first, second, third, and fourth degree burns.
2) Treatment involves addressing airway issues, IV fluids, antibiotics, dressing changes, and skin grafting for deep burns. Local treatment aims to protect burns from infection until healing.
3) Deep dermal burns require close monitoring to prevent infection from destroying epithelial remnants and converting them to full thickness burns. Early excision and grafting can prevent contractures compared to waiting a month for natural eschar separation.
This document provides information on common skin infections, including their causes, presentations, and treatments. It discusses bacterial infections like impetigo, folliculitis, and cellulitis; viral infections like herpes, shingles, and warts; and fungal infections like ringworm and candidiasis. For each type of infection, the document describes typical signs and symptoms and recommends first-line treatment approaches, which generally involve topical or oral antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals depending on the infecting pathogen.
The document discusses two forms of cutaneous bacterial infections: impetigo and subcutaneous tissue infections. It describes the characteristics of nonbullous and bullous impetigo, including their etiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It also discusses cellulitis and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome as types of subcutaneous tissue infections, providing details on their clinical manifestations, causative agents, and management.
Children's skin problems span nearly two decades from birth through adolescence. Several common pediatric skin conditions will be discussed including: diaper dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, warts, and acne.
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Erythema refers to redness of the skin that blanches under pressure. It can be diffuse or localized and can be caused by drugs, infections, autoimmune diseases, or idiopathic factors. Erythema multiforme is an acute, self-limited mucocutaneous syndrome characterized by target lesions that can be caused by infections like herpes or drugs. Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a severe mucocutaneous reaction that may be drug-induced and can involve extensive skin and mucosal detachment. Urticaria refers to transient wheals and hives on the skin that are usually itchy. Chronic urticaria lasts more than 6 weeks and can be
Erythema refers to redness of the skin that blanches under pressure. It is caused by increased blood flow within subpapillary plexus or increased visibility due to changes in adjacent tissues. Common causes of erythema include drug reactions, viral infections, streptococcal infections, systemic diseases like lupus erythematosus or lymphoma. Target lesions seen in erythema multiforme consist of three zones - a dark or blanched center surrounded by a pale zone which is surrounded by an outer rim of erythema. Treatment of erythema multiforme involves treating any underlying cause, using systemic antibiotics or steroids, and antivirals to prevent recurrence.
Cellulitis is an acute infection of the deeper layers of skin and subcutaneous tissue, caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. It presents with redness, warmth, pain and swelling at the affected site and can spread rapidly if not treated promptly with antibiotics. Risk factors include skin injuries, underlying skin conditions, and immunocompromised states. Treatment involves antibiotics targeting the suspected bacteria, along with elevating the limb, applying warm compresses and carefully monitoring the infection site.
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5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
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2. Skin is one the most and is the first line agaisnt
bacterial infections.
The most common cause of skin and soft tissue
infection involves a breach in this barrier.
5. Common causes of alterations in the normal skin
flora:
Abrasions
Trauma
Insect bite
Eczema
Scabies
impetigo
Most common cause:
1- group A hemolytic streptococci
2-staphylococcus aureus
7. Good skin hygiene+ removal of crusted lesions in non
bullous type.
Topical if lesions are local (<5), if the lesions are not
local or there is fever and regional lymphadenopathy
use systemic antibiotics.
Topical: mupirocin tds for 3 to 5 days
Systemic: cephalexin 250-500 qid
Systemic mrsa: Clindamycin 300-450 qid
Management
9. Management:
Elevation if applicable
Control predisposing conditions
Hydrate the skin
Compression stocking and diuretic therapy to improve edema
Erysipelas
10. Oral therapy: amoxicillin 500mg tds
Parenteral therapy: Ceftriaxone 1g iv daily
Improvement in 24 to 72 hrs.
Erysipelas
11. Infection of
deeper dermis
and
subcutaneous
fat.
The most
common cause:
1- S aureus(50%)
2-GAS(27%)
cellulitis
12. History and exam:
Localized erythema and confluent
Blanching and swelling
Warmth
Tenderness
Lymphangitis with tender regional lymphadenopathy
cellulitis
13. History and physical exam:
Determine the extent of disease.
Search for breaches and fungal infections.
Mark the affected area.
Purulent or non purulent???
Cellulitis
And classify the severity of cellulitis: