Skin infections
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these set of slides are about skin infections particularly cellulitis...they aren't complete, however they can give you clues about these infections. hope you enjoy them
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Bacterial skin infection
Impetigo is a contagious bacterial skin infection that occurs in two main forms: bullous and non-bullous. Bullous impetigo causes large fluid-filled blisters while non-bullous impetigo causes thin-walled vesicles and yellow-brown crusts. Impetigo is generally caused by Staphylococcus aureus or streptococci bacteria and commonly affects the face and limbs, especially in children. Complications can include cellulitis, nephritis, and scarlet fever. Treatment involves topical or oral antibiotics and removing crusts to prevent spread.
ETAS_MCQ_05 dermatopathology
1) This document discusses several dermatopathology cases with images and histology findings.
2) Case 1 is diagnosed as syringoma, characterized by cords and strands of epithelial cells with scattered lumens often lined with clear cells.
3) Case 2 is diagnosed as extramammary Paget's disease, characterized by large epidermotropic cells with bluish cytoplasm forming nests beneath a compressed basal layer.
dermatology.Bulluos diseases.(dr.darseem)
Bullous diseases involve the formation of blisters or vesicles in the epidermis or dermis. There are several types of bullous disorders of immunological origin where autoantibodies damage skin molecules. Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease where antibodies form against desmoglein proteins, causing blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. Pemphigoid also involves autoantibodies targeting basement membrane zone proteins, resulting in tense subepidermal blisters mainly affecting the elderly. Dermatitis herpetiformis is associated with celiac disease and granular IgA deposits in the skin, causing extremely itchy grouped vesicles.
syphilis serology ppt, syphilis, laboratory diagnosis of syphilis, VDRL, FTA-ABS
This document discusses diagnostic tests for syphilis caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It describes direct detection methods like darkfield microscopy and fluorescent antibody testing to visualize the bacterium in samples. It also covers non-treponemal tests that detect non-specific reagin antibodies like VDRL and RPR, and treponemal tests that detect antibodies specific to T. pallidum like FTA-ABS. The stages of syphilis and clinical manifestations are also briefly outlined.
Bacterial skin infection- dermatology
This document discusses various bacterial skin infections, including:
- Impetigo, which is caused by Staph aureus or Strep and presents as non-bullous or bullous sores;
- Folliculitis, which is the inflammation of hair follicles that can be caused by Staph;
- Furuncles/boils and carbuncles, which are deep Staph infections of hair follicles;
- Cellulitis, a bacterial infection of subcutaneous tissues, and erysipelas, a superficial streptococcal infection;
- Erythrasma, a chronic infection of the skin caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum.
Cutaneous Cysts
Cysts with a lining of stratified squamous epithelium: Epidermoid cyst
Milium
Trichilemmal cyst
Vellus hair cyst
Steatocystoma
Dermoid cyst
Cysts lined with non-stratified squamous epithelium: Hidrocystoma, Eccrine or Apocrine
Cysts without an epithelial lining: Mucocele
Digital mucous cyst
Ganglion
Bullous diseases
This document summarizes several bullous diseases:
1. It describes the locations and characteristics of vesicles and bullae. Vesicles can form within or under the epidermis or between the dermis and epidermis.
2. It then focuses on three main immunobullous diseases - pemphigus, pemphigoid, and linear IgA bullous disease. Pemphigus is caused by antibodies against desmoglein proteins and features flaccid blisters. Pemphigoid features tense blisters caused by antibodies against basement membrane proteins. Linear IgA bullous disease clinically resembles pemphigoid.
3. Dermatitis herpetiformis is described
Dermatitis herpetiformis
This document summarizes the histopathology findings of a skin biopsy from a 54-year-old female patient with a clinical diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. Microscopy showed a subepidermal blister filled with neutrophils. There was a dense neutrophilic infiltrate in the papillary dermis. The impression was consistent with dermatitis herpetiformis. Further evaluation with direct immunofluorescence was advised to identify granular IgA deposits in the dermal papillae, confirming the diagnosis. Differential diagnoses including linear IgA dermatosis and bullous systemic lupus erythematosus were discussed.
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Bacterial skin infection
Impetigo is a contagious bacterial skin infection that occurs in two main forms: bullous and non-bullous. Bullous impetigo causes large fluid-filled blisters while non-bullous impetigo causes thin-walled vesicles and yellow-brown crusts. Impetigo is generally caused by Staphylococcus aureus or streptococci bacteria and commonly affects the face and limbs, especially in children. Complications can include cellulitis, nephritis, and scarlet fever. Treatment involves topical or oral antibiotics and removing crusts to prevent spread.
ETAS_MCQ_05 dermatopathology
1) This document discusses several dermatopathology cases with images and histology findings.
2) Case 1 is diagnosed as syringoma, characterized by cords and strands of epithelial cells with scattered lumens often lined with clear cells.
3) Case 2 is diagnosed as extramammary Paget's disease, characterized by large epidermotropic cells with bluish cytoplasm forming nests beneath a compressed basal layer.
dermatology.Bulluos diseases.(dr.darseem)
Bullous diseases involve the formation of blisters or vesicles in the epidermis or dermis. There are several types of bullous disorders of immunological origin where autoantibodies damage skin molecules. Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease where antibodies form against desmoglein proteins, causing blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. Pemphigoid also involves autoantibodies targeting basement membrane zone proteins, resulting in tense subepidermal blisters mainly affecting the elderly. Dermatitis herpetiformis is associated with celiac disease and granular IgA deposits in the skin, causing extremely itchy grouped vesicles.
syphilis serology ppt, syphilis, laboratory diagnosis of syphilis, VDRL, FTA-ABS
This document discusses diagnostic tests for syphilis caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It describes direct detection methods like darkfield microscopy and fluorescent antibody testing to visualize the bacterium in samples. It also covers non-treponemal tests that detect non-specific reagin antibodies like VDRL and RPR, and treponemal tests that detect antibodies specific to T. pallidum like FTA-ABS. The stages of syphilis and clinical manifestations are also briefly outlined.
Bacterial skin infection- dermatology
This document discusses various bacterial skin infections, including:
- Impetigo, which is caused by Staph aureus or Strep and presents as non-bullous or bullous sores;
- Folliculitis, which is the inflammation of hair follicles that can be caused by Staph;
- Furuncles/boils and carbuncles, which are deep Staph infections of hair follicles;
- Cellulitis, a bacterial infection of subcutaneous tissues, and erysipelas, a superficial streptococcal infection;
- Erythrasma, a chronic infection of the skin caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum.
Cutaneous Cysts
Cysts with a lining of stratified squamous epithelium: Epidermoid cyst
Milium
Trichilemmal cyst
Vellus hair cyst
Steatocystoma
Dermoid cyst
Cysts lined with non-stratified squamous epithelium: Hidrocystoma, Eccrine or Apocrine
Cysts without an epithelial lining: Mucocele
Digital mucous cyst
Ganglion
Bullous diseases
This document summarizes several bullous diseases:
1. It describes the locations and characteristics of vesicles and bullae. Vesicles can form within or under the epidermis or between the dermis and epidermis.
2. It then focuses on three main immunobullous diseases - pemphigus, pemphigoid, and linear IgA bullous disease. Pemphigus is caused by antibodies against desmoglein proteins and features flaccid blisters. Pemphigoid features tense blisters caused by antibodies against basement membrane proteins. Linear IgA bullous disease clinically resembles pemphigoid.
3. Dermatitis herpetiformis is described
Dermatitis herpetiformis
This document summarizes the histopathology findings of a skin biopsy from a 54-year-old female patient with a clinical diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. Microscopy showed a subepidermal blister filled with neutrophils. There was a dense neutrophilic infiltrate in the papillary dermis. The impression was consistent with dermatitis herpetiformis. Further evaluation with direct immunofluorescence was advised to identify granular IgA deposits in the dermal papillae, confirming the diagnosis. Differential diagnoses including linear IgA dermatosis and bullous systemic lupus erythematosus were discussed.
Lichen planus ppt
Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. Microscopically, it is characterized by a band-like lymphohistiocytic infiltrate at the dermo-epidermal junction, vacuolar alteration of basal keratinocytes, saw-toothed rete ridges, and wedge-shaped hypergranulosis. Clinically, it presents as pruritic, violaceous flat-topped papules and plaques, often with white Wickham striae. Variants include hypertrophic, atrophic, ulcerative, actinicus, and lichen planopilaris forms. It is important to differentiate lichen planus from other lichenoid
Staphylococcal Skin Infections
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Autoimmune bullous lesions of skin
This document summarizes various immune-mediated bullous lesions of the skin. It describes the different types of blisters and levels at which they can form. The main categories discussed are pemphigus, which involves acantholysis, and subepidermal blistering diseases. Within pemphigus, it describes Pemphigus vulgaris, Pemphigus foliaceus, IgA pemphigus and Paraneoplastic pemphigus. It details the target antigens, histopathology, direct immunofluorescence findings and clinical features of each. For subepidermal blistering, it outlines the structure of the epidermal basement membrane zone and the target antigens in bullous pe
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Skin infections
This document discusses various skin conditions and infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It provides information on pathogens, signs and symptoms, and management for conditions like impetigo, boils, carbuncles, folliculitis, acne, ringworm, athlete's foot, candidiasis, herpes, and more. Treatment involves topical antiseptics, antibiotics, antifungals, or antivirals as appropriate for each condition. Prevention emphasizes hygiene, avoiding irritation, and not spreading infections between individuals.
Histoid leprosy
Histoid leprosy is a rare form of multibacillary leprosy characterized by cutaneous or subcutaneous nodules and plaques with a unique histopathology and bacterial morphology. It occurs in patients with reduced cell-mediated immunity and irregular or inadequate treatment for leprosy. Lesions most commonly appear on the back, buttocks, face and extremities as firm, dome-shaped papules. Histopathology shows numerous thin, spindle-shaped histiocytes forming bands and whorls containing large numbers of acid-fast bacilli. Treatment involves multidrug therapy with rifampicin, clofazimine and dapsone over an extended period of at least two years.
Bullous disorders
Bulloous disorders (BSDs) are skin conditions characterized by blister formation between the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin. BSDs are mostly autoimmune in nature and can be caused by genetic factors, physical trauma, inflammation, the immune system, or drug reactions. The main types are genetic blistering diseases like epidermolysis bullosa, and immunobullous diseases like pemphigus and pemphigoid which involve antibody-mediated blistering between skin layers. Pemphigus is an intraepidermal immunobullous disease affecting the skin and mucous membranes, while bullous pemphigoid is a subepidermal immunobullous condition commonly affecting
Cutaneous manifestations of tb
Cutaneous tuberculosis can occur through either exogenous or endogenous infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M. bovis. Clinical manifestations depend on the site of infection, inoculum type, and host immunity. Diagnosis involves demonstration of acid-fast bacilli in lesions via staining, culture, or PCR. Treatment involves a multi-drug regimen according to WHO guidelines, with surgery sometimes indicated for localized lesions. Drug-resistant tuberculosis requires customized multi-drug treatment regimens.
Bacterial infection of the skin
Bacterial infections of the skin can be either primary (caused by a single pathogen affecting normal skin) or secondary (occurring in already diseased skin). Common primary pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and coryneform bacteria. S. aureus is responsible for infections like impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci cause impetigo and cellulitis. Other bacterial infections include ecthyma, erysipelas, cellulitis, cutaneous abscesses, and necrotizing fasciitis. Laboratory diagnosis involves specimen collection
Common Viral Skin Diseases
Viral skin diseases are common and include infections caused by herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and human papillomavirus. Herpes simplex virus causes lesions such as cold sores, genital herpes, and eczema herpeticum. Varicella zoster virus causes chickenpox and shingles. Human papillomavirus causes warts, including common warts, flat warts, plantar warts, and genital warts. These viral infections are generally self-limiting but can be treated with antivirals to reduce symptoms and duration of infection.
Dyschromatosis and Reticulate pigmentary disorders
This document summarizes several rare pigmentary disorders including reticulate pigmentary disorders, dyschromatosis, and related conditions. Key points include:
- Reticulate pigmentary disorders involve freckle-like macules joined at margins in a net-like pattern, while dyschromatosis involves interspersed hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules.
- Several conditions are classified including acral, flexural, generalized types like reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura and dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria.
- Genetic mutations in genes like ADAM10, DSRAD, KRT5 are associated with these conditions. Histopathology often
Ganyang MCQ Dermatology
The document discusses various topics in dermatology including:
- Common skin lesions and their definitions.
- Side effects of topical steroids including atrophy, bruising, allergic contact dermatitis, and moon face.
- Characteristics of psoriasis such as it being inherited, common nail involvement, and methotrexate being used to treat severe cases.
- Investigations for contact dermatitis which includes patch testing.
- Patient education for contact dermatitis including avoiding allergens and wearing gloves.
- Causes of non-scarring hair loss such as alopecia areata, drugs, hypothyroidism, and trauma.
Erythroderma
This document provides an overview of erythroderma, also known as generalized exfoliative dermatitis. It defines erythroderma as an inflammatory dermatosis involving 90% or more of the skin surface. The clinical presentation includes patchy erythema becoming universal over 24-48 hours accompanied by malaise, shivering and pyrexia, followed by scaling after 2-6 days. Erythroderma can be caused by conditions like eczema, psoriasis, malignancy, and drug reactions. Complications can include edema, lymphadenopathy, cardiac failure, metabolic disturbance, hypothermia, and cutaneous or respiratory infection. Management involves close inpatient monitoring and initially topical st
ETAS_MCQ_09 pediatric dermatology
1) A newborn presents with plaques on the upper back. Serum calcium levels should be monitored as hypercalcemia can occur with subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn.
2) Trichoblastoma is the most common tumor arising within nevus sebaceous.
3) Cutis verticis gyrata is associated with pachydermoperiostosis.
Lepromatous leprosy
Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that is most prevalent in developing countries like India, Brazil, and Indonesia. It is spread through respiratory droplets, skin-to-skin contact, and possibly the gastrointestinal route. Leprosy exists on a spectrum from tuberculoid to lepromatous forms based on immunity and bacterial load. Lepromatous leprosy specifically presents with well-demarcated skin lesions and nodules, facial disfigurement, nasal stuffiness from mucosa invasion, and nerve involvement leading to sensory loss, weakness, and deformities over time if untreated. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, skin smear tests, histology, and treatment involves
Classification of skin lesions pdf
This document provides classifications and definitions for primary and secondary skin lesions. Primary lesions include macules, patches, papules, plaques, nodules, vesicles, bullae, pustules, and wheals. Secondary lesions result from primary lesions and include scales, crusts, erosions, fissures, scars, atrophy, keloids, and lichenification. The document also describes the levels of fluid collection in blistering disorders and provides examples of various skin lesion shapes and arrangements.
Epidermopoeisis - development of skin
- The epidermis maintains homeostasis through balanced cell production and loss in the basal layer. Three cell populations exist: stem cells, transient amplifying cells, and post-mitotic cells.
- Stem cells give rise to the epidermis and reside in the basal layer and hair follicle bulge. Transient amplifying cells can undergo limited proliferation.
- Keratinocytes take 12-19 days to transit from basal layer to stratum corneum, and 14 more days to transit through the stratum corneum. A variety of growth factors regulate epidermopoiesis.
Bedside investigations in dermatology
This document provides an overview of various bedside investigations in dermatology including KOH mount, Gram stain, Tzank smear, AFB stain, slit skin smear, dark ground microscopy, diascopy, Wood's lamp examination, patch testing, intradermal testing and more. Procedures, indications, interpretations and clinical significance are described for each test to aid in the diagnosis of various skin conditions.
1.1.1. bacterial infection of skin [compatibility mode]
1.1.1. bacterial infection of skin [compatibility mode]BP KOIRALA INSTITUTE OF HELATH SCIENCS,, NEPAL
The document discusses common bacterial infections of the skin. It begins by describing the skin and its normal bacterial flora. It then covers various pyodermas (skin infections caused by bacteria) including folliculitis, furuncles/boils, carbuncles, impetigo, periporitis, ecthyma, sycosis barbae, cellulitis, erysipelas, pyonychia, scalded skin syndrome, and erysipeloid. For each infection, it discusses causes, symptoms, and treatment. It concludes with principles of therapy for pyodermas, including good hygiene, local and systemic antibiotics, and addressing predisposing factors.Pathology of Skin - Introduction
This document provides an overview of a dermatopathology course, including learning objectives, session details, sample exam questions, and study tips. It discusses key histopathological terms, classifications of skin diseases, common and rare skin conditions, and outlines the curriculum to be covered, including acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, infections, blistering diseases, and neoplastic conditions.
Skin & Skin Infections
The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outer protective layer, the dermis is a lower supporting layer that gives strength and acts as a reservoir to fight infections, and the hypodermis is a layer of fatty tissue that supports the skin. The skin acts as a protective barrier and plays roles in temperature regulation, sensation, and waste excretion. Fungal infections can be superficial or deep, with superficial infections affecting the outer layers and deep infections invading living tissue. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory drugs that work by suppressing the immune system and inflammatory response.
Atopic eczema
Atopic eczema is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin condition characterised by an itchy red rash that favours the skin creases such as the folds of the elbows or behind the knees.
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Lichen planus ppt
Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. Microscopically, it is characterized by a band-like lymphohistiocytic infiltrate at the dermo-epidermal junction, vacuolar alteration of basal keratinocytes, saw-toothed rete ridges, and wedge-shaped hypergranulosis. Clinically, it presents as pruritic, violaceous flat-topped papules and plaques, often with white Wickham striae. Variants include hypertrophic, atrophic, ulcerative, actinicus, and lichen planopilaris forms. It is important to differentiate lichen planus from other lichenoid
Staphylococcal Skin Infections
Staphylococcal Skin Infections , Organism growth characteristics on Media, Biochemical Characteristics, Virulence Factors, Transmission, Epidemiology
Autoimmune bullous lesions of skin
This document summarizes various immune-mediated bullous lesions of the skin. It describes the different types of blisters and levels at which they can form. The main categories discussed are pemphigus, which involves acantholysis, and subepidermal blistering diseases. Within pemphigus, it describes Pemphigus vulgaris, Pemphigus foliaceus, IgA pemphigus and Paraneoplastic pemphigus. It details the target antigens, histopathology, direct immunofluorescence findings and clinical features of each. For subepidermal blistering, it outlines the structure of the epidermal basement membrane zone and the target antigens in bullous pe
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This document discusses various skin conditions and infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It provides information on pathogens, signs and symptoms, and management for conditions like impetigo, boils, carbuncles, folliculitis, acne, ringworm, athlete's foot, candidiasis, herpes, and more. Treatment involves topical antiseptics, antibiotics, antifungals, or antivirals as appropriate for each condition. Prevention emphasizes hygiene, avoiding irritation, and not spreading infections between individuals.
Histoid leprosy
Histoid leprosy is a rare form of multibacillary leprosy characterized by cutaneous or subcutaneous nodules and plaques with a unique histopathology and bacterial morphology. It occurs in patients with reduced cell-mediated immunity and irregular or inadequate treatment for leprosy. Lesions most commonly appear on the back, buttocks, face and extremities as firm, dome-shaped papules. Histopathology shows numerous thin, spindle-shaped histiocytes forming bands and whorls containing large numbers of acid-fast bacilli. Treatment involves multidrug therapy with rifampicin, clofazimine and dapsone over an extended period of at least two years.
Bullous disorders
Bulloous disorders (BSDs) are skin conditions characterized by blister formation between the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin. BSDs are mostly autoimmune in nature and can be caused by genetic factors, physical trauma, inflammation, the immune system, or drug reactions. The main types are genetic blistering diseases like epidermolysis bullosa, and immunobullous diseases like pemphigus and pemphigoid which involve antibody-mediated blistering between skin layers. Pemphigus is an intraepidermal immunobullous disease affecting the skin and mucous membranes, while bullous pemphigoid is a subepidermal immunobullous condition commonly affecting
Cutaneous manifestations of tb
Cutaneous tuberculosis can occur through either exogenous or endogenous infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M. bovis. Clinical manifestations depend on the site of infection, inoculum type, and host immunity. Diagnosis involves demonstration of acid-fast bacilli in lesions via staining, culture, or PCR. Treatment involves a multi-drug regimen according to WHO guidelines, with surgery sometimes indicated for localized lesions. Drug-resistant tuberculosis requires customized multi-drug treatment regimens.
Bacterial infection of the skin
Bacterial infections of the skin can be either primary (caused by a single pathogen affecting normal skin) or secondary (occurring in already diseased skin). Common primary pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and coryneform bacteria. S. aureus is responsible for infections like impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci cause impetigo and cellulitis. Other bacterial infections include ecthyma, erysipelas, cellulitis, cutaneous abscesses, and necrotizing fasciitis. Laboratory diagnosis involves specimen collection
Common Viral Skin Diseases
Viral skin diseases are common and include infections caused by herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and human papillomavirus. Herpes simplex virus causes lesions such as cold sores, genital herpes, and eczema herpeticum. Varicella zoster virus causes chickenpox and shingles. Human papillomavirus causes warts, including common warts, flat warts, plantar warts, and genital warts. These viral infections are generally self-limiting but can be treated with antivirals to reduce symptoms and duration of infection.
Dyschromatosis and Reticulate pigmentary disorders
This document summarizes several rare pigmentary disorders including reticulate pigmentary disorders, dyschromatosis, and related conditions. Key points include:
- Reticulate pigmentary disorders involve freckle-like macules joined at margins in a net-like pattern, while dyschromatosis involves interspersed hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules.
- Several conditions are classified including acral, flexural, generalized types like reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura and dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria.
- Genetic mutations in genes like ADAM10, DSRAD, KRT5 are associated with these conditions. Histopathology often
Ganyang MCQ Dermatology
The document discusses various topics in dermatology including:
- Common skin lesions and their definitions.
- Side effects of topical steroids including atrophy, bruising, allergic contact dermatitis, and moon face.
- Characteristics of psoriasis such as it being inherited, common nail involvement, and methotrexate being used to treat severe cases.
- Investigations for contact dermatitis which includes patch testing.
- Patient education for contact dermatitis including avoiding allergens and wearing gloves.
- Causes of non-scarring hair loss such as alopecia areata, drugs, hypothyroidism, and trauma.
Erythroderma
This document provides an overview of erythroderma, also known as generalized exfoliative dermatitis. It defines erythroderma as an inflammatory dermatosis involving 90% or more of the skin surface. The clinical presentation includes patchy erythema becoming universal over 24-48 hours accompanied by malaise, shivering and pyrexia, followed by scaling after 2-6 days. Erythroderma can be caused by conditions like eczema, psoriasis, malignancy, and drug reactions. Complications can include edema, lymphadenopathy, cardiac failure, metabolic disturbance, hypothermia, and cutaneous or respiratory infection. Management involves close inpatient monitoring and initially topical st
ETAS_MCQ_09 pediatric dermatology
1) A newborn presents with plaques on the upper back. Serum calcium levels should be monitored as hypercalcemia can occur with subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn.
2) Trichoblastoma is the most common tumor arising within nevus sebaceous.
3) Cutis verticis gyrata is associated with pachydermoperiostosis.
Lepromatous leprosy
Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that is most prevalent in developing countries like India, Brazil, and Indonesia. It is spread through respiratory droplets, skin-to-skin contact, and possibly the gastrointestinal route. Leprosy exists on a spectrum from tuberculoid to lepromatous forms based on immunity and bacterial load. Lepromatous leprosy specifically presents with well-demarcated skin lesions and nodules, facial disfigurement, nasal stuffiness from mucosa invasion, and nerve involvement leading to sensory loss, weakness, and deformities over time if untreated. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, skin smear tests, histology, and treatment involves
Classification of skin lesions pdf
This document provides classifications and definitions for primary and secondary skin lesions. Primary lesions include macules, patches, papules, plaques, nodules, vesicles, bullae, pustules, and wheals. Secondary lesions result from primary lesions and include scales, crusts, erosions, fissures, scars, atrophy, keloids, and lichenification. The document also describes the levels of fluid collection in blistering disorders and provides examples of various skin lesion shapes and arrangements.
Epidermopoeisis - development of skin
- The epidermis maintains homeostasis through balanced cell production and loss in the basal layer. Three cell populations exist: stem cells, transient amplifying cells, and post-mitotic cells.
- Stem cells give rise to the epidermis and reside in the basal layer and hair follicle bulge. Transient amplifying cells can undergo limited proliferation.
- Keratinocytes take 12-19 days to transit from basal layer to stratum corneum, and 14 more days to transit through the stratum corneum. A variety of growth factors regulate epidermopoiesis.
Bedside investigations in dermatology
This document provides an overview of various bedside investigations in dermatology including KOH mount, Gram stain, Tzank smear, AFB stain, slit skin smear, dark ground microscopy, diascopy, Wood's lamp examination, patch testing, intradermal testing and more. Procedures, indications, interpretations and clinical significance are described for each test to aid in the diagnosis of various skin conditions.
1.1.1. bacterial infection of skin [compatibility mode]
1.1.1. bacterial infection of skin [compatibility mode]BP KOIRALA INSTITUTE OF HELATH SCIENCS,, NEPAL
The document discusses common bacterial infections of the skin. It begins by describing the skin and its normal bacterial flora. It then covers various pyodermas (skin infections caused by bacteria) including folliculitis, furuncles/boils, carbuncles, impetigo, periporitis, ecthyma, sycosis barbae, cellulitis, erysipelas, pyonychia, scalded skin syndrome, and erysipeloid. For each infection, it discusses causes, symptoms, and treatment. It concludes with principles of therapy for pyodermas, including good hygiene, local and systemic antibiotics, and addressing predisposing factors.Pathology of Skin - Introduction
This document provides an overview of a dermatopathology course, including learning objectives, session details, sample exam questions, and study tips. It discusses key histopathological terms, classifications of skin diseases, common and rare skin conditions, and outlines the curriculum to be covered, including acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, infections, blistering diseases, and neoplastic conditions.
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Skin & Skin Infections
The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outer protective layer, the dermis is a lower supporting layer that gives strength and acts as a reservoir to fight infections, and the hypodermis is a layer of fatty tissue that supports the skin. The skin acts as a protective barrier and plays roles in temperature regulation, sensation, and waste excretion. Fungal infections can be superficial or deep, with superficial infections affecting the outer layers and deep infections invading living tissue. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory drugs that work by suppressing the immune system and inflammatory response.
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Infección de piel y tejidos blandos
Patogenia, etiología, impetigo, celulitis, erisipela, piomiositis, fascitis necrosante, recomendaciones de la Asociación Americana de enfermedades infecciosas.
Superficial bacterial infection
This document provides information on bacterial skin infections (pyodermas). It classifies pyodermas as either primary (caused by underlying conditions like eczema) or secondary (caused by pathogens). Non-follicular pyodermas include impetigo, ecthyma, erysipelas, and cellulitis. Follicular pyodermas include folliculitis, furunculosis, and carbuncle. Treatment involves identifying and treating predisposing factors, supportive measures, and using topical or oral antibiotics with gram-positive coverage depending on the severity and location of the infection. Localized infections are typically treated with topical antibiotics while widespread or deep infections may require oral antibiotics.
SSTI's moh zidan
surgical site infections, history , management , role of different antimicrobial agents especially clindamycin
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Este documento presenta el caso de una mujer de 58 años que ingresó al hospital con celulitis en la pierna izquierda y antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y obesidad mórbida. El examen físico y los exámenes de laboratorio revelaron signos de inflamación en la pierna izquierda y parámetros anormales. El diagnóstico fue celulitis de la pierna izquierda, hipertensión arterial e obesidad mórbida. El tratamiento incluyó antibióticos, antihipertensivos y dieta. El documento también resume
Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: IDSA Guideline 2014
IDSA Guideline 2014 for Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2014; 59(2):147–59
AUPDATE
This document discusses various antibiotics, their uses, and emerging issues with antibiotic resistance. It provides guidance on empiric treatment for common infections like community-acquired pneumonia and skin/soft tissue infections.
For a case of community-acquired pneumonia, the patient was initially treated empirically with Augmentin and clarithromycin per guidelines. Testing later found penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, requiring a change to higher dose beta-lactams, vancomycin, or fluoroquinolones.
A case of cellulitis grew methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus despite initial Augmentin treatment. The drug of choice for MRSA is vancomycin,
Dermatological Infections in Newborn.. Dr.Padmesh
The document discusses various infections that can affect newborns, categorized by type of pathogen. It describes bacterial infections such as those caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus, which can cause skin conditions like impetigo, breast abscesses, and cellulitis. It also covers viral infections such as herpes simplex virus and TORCH infections that can be acquired prenatally, during delivery, or postnatally. Fungal and parasitic infections that may infect newborns are also mentioned. Treatment options are provided for some common bacterial skin infections.
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Management of skin and soft tissue infections with ayurveda w.s.r, rasayan ch...
Management of skin and soft tissue infections with ayurveda w.s.r, rasayan chikitsa by dr.shailesh phalle
Thease slides are healpful for chronic skin disorders and immunity realted diseases.
Eczema - A Case Presentation (by Dr. Julius King Kwedhi)
Eczema: Come from the Greek name for boiling, a reference to the tiny vesicles (bubbles) that are commonly seen in the early acute stage of the disease
An immune-mediated inflammation of the skin arising from an interaction between genetic (e.g. epidermal barrier function, immune system) and environmental factors (foods, airborne allergens, Staphylococcus aureus colonization on skin due to deficiencies in endogenous antimicrobial peptides, topical products)
The eczemas are a disparate group of diseases, but unified by the presence of itch and, in the acute stages, of oedema (spongiosis) in the epidermis
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This document discusses common skin infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It begins by explaining that the skin provides defense against microorganisms. It then covers specific bacterial infections like impetigo, erysipelas, and cellulitis caused by streptococci and staphylococci. Fungal infections like dermatophytosis and candidiasis are also discussed. Finally, it examines viral skin infections including herpes simplex, varicella zoster virus, and molluscum contagiosum. The document provides details on the pathogenesis, clinical features, and types of several common infectious skin diseases.
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Infecciones de piel y partes blandas: ¿Cómo mejorar su manejo?
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This document discusses common skin and soft tissue infections, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines different types of infections such as impetigo, cellulitis, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, pyomyositis, and folliculitis. For each infection, it describes the characteristic clinical manifestations and recommendations for antimicrobial therapy. The goal of treatment is to use organism-based or empirical antibiotics, along with surgical drainage if necessary, to resolve the infection.
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Erythema multiforme is a skin reaction typically caused by infections like herpes simplex virus or medications. It is characterized by target-shaped lesions on the hands, feet, and oral cavity. The lesions begin as red spots or circular blisters that develop concentric rings and resolve within 2-3 weeks. Treatment focuses on treating the underlying cause, antiviral medications, corticosteroids, and relief of symptoms.
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Impetigo is a superficial skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. It presents as vesiculopustular or crusted lesions. There are two forms: non-bullous and bullous. Treatment for limited disease involves warm compresses and topical mupirocin. Extensive disease requires oral antibiotics like cephalexin, doxycycline, or TMP/SMX depending on culture results and risk of MRSA. Furuncles are hair follicle infections causing boils, while carbuncles are clusters of infected follicles. Treatment involves incision and oral antibiotics for complicated cases. Necrotizing soft tissue infections are life-threatening invasive infections of
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Cellulitis is an acute bacterial skin infection that causes skin inflammation and swelling. It is usually caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus entering through a break in the skin. Risk factors include skin injuries, conditions like eczema, obesity, and diabetes. Signs include redness, pain, swelling and warmth in the infected area. Treatment involves antibiotics, wound care, elevation and rest. Complications can include tissue damage, gangrene and sepsis if not properly treated.
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Dermatological infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Common bacterial infections include impetigo, cellulitis and abscesses which are usually treated with antibiotics. Viral infections like herpes simplex and zoster typically require antiviral medication. Fungal infections such as ringworm and candidiasis respond to topical antifungal creams. Parasitic infections like scabies and head lice can be treated with scabicides or pediculicides. Proper treatment aims to eliminate the infecting pathogen and relieve symptoms.
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This document provides an overview of various skin infections. It discusses bacterial infections like cellulitis, erysipelas, folliculitis, impetigo and furunculosis. It also covers fungal infections such as tinea, candidiasis, pityriasis versicolor and deeper fungal infections. Viral infections including warts and herpes are mentioned. Finally, it summarizes parasitic infestations like scabies, larva migrans and head lice. For each condition, it provides details on pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment.
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Eczema is a non-contagious skin condition that causes itching, inflammation, and sometimes pain. It has no cure but can be effectively treated. The main types of eczema are contact dermatitis, atopic eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, and napkin dermatitis. Treatment depends on the type and severity of eczema, and involves moisturizers, topical corticosteroids or immunomodulators, oral medications in severe cases, and managing triggers. The goal is to relieve symptoms and prevent complications like infection.
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This document provides an overview of common skin and soft tissue infections, including their causes, symptoms, classifications, and treatments. It discusses infections such as impetigo, cellulitis, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, and infections of the bones and joints. The key points covered include the clinical presentations and differential diagnoses of various infections, as well as empirical and organism-based antibiotic therapies.
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Skin infections
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Erythema refers to redness of the skin that blanches under pressure. It can be diffuse or localized and can be caused by drugs, infections, autoimmune diseases, or idiopathic factors. Erythema multiforme is an acute, self-limited mucocutaneous syndrome characterized by target lesions that can be caused by infections like herpes or drugs. Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a severe mucocutaneous reaction that may be drug-induced and can involve extensive skin and mucosal detachment. Urticaria refers to transient wheals and hives on the skin that are usually itchy. Chronic urticaria lasts more than 6 weeks and can be
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Skin infections
- 2. Skin is one the most and is the first line agaisnt bacterial infections. The most common cause of skin and soft tissue infection involves a breach in this barrier.
- 3. These conditions are different in depth and extent of skin involvment. Different types
- 4. Non bullous impetigo bullous impetigo impetigo
- 5. Common causes of alterations in the normal skin flora: Abrasions Trauma Insect bite Eczema Scabies impetigo Most common cause: 1- group A hemolytic streptococci 2-staphylococcus aureus
- 6. Bullous vs. non bullous
- 7. Good skin hygiene+ removal of crusted lesions in non bullous type. Topical if lesions are local (<5), if the lesions are not local or there is fever and regional lymphadenopathy use systemic antibiotics. Topical: mupirocin tds for 3 to 5 days Systemic: cephalexin 250-500 qid Systemic mrsa: Clindamycin 300-450 qid Management
- 8. Infections involving upper dermis Distinct margins. b-hemolytic strep is the main cause. Erysipelas
- 9. Management: Elevation if applicable Control predisposing conditions Hydrate the skin Compression stocking and diuretic therapy to improve edema Erysipelas
- 10. Oral therapy: amoxicillin 500mg tds Parenteral therapy: Ceftriaxone 1g iv daily Improvement in 24 to 72 hrs. Erysipelas
- 11. Infection of deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat. The most common cause: 1- S aureus(50%) 2-GAS(27%) cellulitis
- 12. History and exam: Localized erythema and confluent Blanching and swelling Warmth Tenderness Lymphangitis with tender regional lymphadenopathy cellulitis
- 13. History and physical exam: Determine the extent of disease. Search for breaches and fungal infections. Mark the affected area. Purulent or non purulent??? Cellulitis And classify the severity of cellulitis:
- 14. cellulitis
- 15. Risk factors for MRSA: Recent hospitalization Recent antiobiotic therapy Hemodialysis Military service Daibetes Hiv Injection drug Prolonged hospitalization cellulitis