Judging the Relevance and worth of ideas part 2.pptx
citation
1. Lecture Delivered
to Research Students (M. Phil)
Dept of Political Science
University of Delhi, Delhi – 110007
December 14, 2015
By
Dr. Nirmal Kumar Swain
Associate Professor
Dept of Lib & Inf. Science
Maharshi Dayanand University
Rohtak – 124001 (Haryana)
Ph: 01262-393017 (O)
M: 9416516771
E-Mail: drnkswain@gmail.com
2. citation
What is reference or citation
Why to refer or cite
How to refer or cite
3. What is a reference or citation?
A way of giving credit for someone's
thinking, writing or research
You mark the material when you use
it (a citation) and give the full
identification at the end (a reference)
In academic writing you are obliged
to attribute every piece of material
you use to its author
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4. why to refer or cite
Credit sources of information & ideas
Reader can locate for further information if
required
Validate arguments
Increase and spread knowledge
Show depth, breadth & quality of your
reading!
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5. when to cite
Direct quotes
Statistics/Studies
Theories
Facts
Interpretations
Paraphrases
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6. in-text citation / quotation
The conspiratorial tone of the
prologue is no better expressed than
in the final line, “Not a man but
ourselves had the least suspicion of
her true mission, and she is well on
her way now.” (Stevens, 2003, p. 2).
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7. in-text citation / paraphrase
The beautifully refitted and well
equipped ship carried supplies for two
years at sea whaling in the Atlantic
(Stevens, 2003).
We all perceive the world around us
in ways that are often unique to us
through a series of personal filters and
we 'construct' our own versions of
reality (Kelly 1955).
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8. Reference list
Reference is the list of sources cited
or from which actual quote is taken ,
lent or borrowed in text.
otherwise written
Reference
Works cited
Notes and reference
Notes
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9. Bibliography
List of related sources on a particular
subject
The difference between ‘reference’ &
‘bibliography’ is in reference the actual
sources from which the matter is
borrowed are listed but in bibliography
the related literature on a particular
subject in listed.
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10. Style & Style Manual
Style refers to all the activities in
citation process.
Style manual is a the rule book
contains all the rules involved in
citation activities but in uniform way.
There could be many style manuals.
One can create his/her uniform rule or
style manual.
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11. Style Manuals
Chicago Manual (supposedly grand
old ) but less in use these days
MLA (Modern Language Association)
Style mostly recommended for
humanities, literature, philosophy,
theology etc
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12. Cont …
APA ( American Psychological
association) recommended for social
sciences, including psychology,
history, political science, library and
information science, economics,
sociology
HARVARD STYLE is also used for
social sciences but popular magazines
prefer this.
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13. Commonness and differences
All the style manuals follow TWO types of
format in In-Text citation
Parenthetic
Superscription format in 1, 2, 3…
-------------------------------------------
In reference the list is organized
alphabetically
the list is organized in sequence
matching with in-text with numbering 1, 2
, 3 …
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14. Style following
Style following begins with university
instruction
Research supervisor’s
recommendation
Own preferences but with uniform
style
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15. cont…
If freedom is given then follow
internationally acclaimed style, if
social science or political science then
APA Style.
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16. THANK YOU
See you sometime at some place.
Bye for now
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