Behaviourism Classical Operant conditionning Skinner Pavlov concept map

1. Mohamed ABOUHOU–Berbers of Tamazgha
Concentrates on
the view that
behaviour should
be explained by
observable
experiences not by
mental processes
Behaviourism
Everything
we do is
related to
behaviour
not the
mind.
Equipotentiality:
Two stimuli can
be associated in
the brain,
regardless of
their nature.
(Animals and
humans alike)
Main assumptions
Evan Pavlov
Studied by Behaviourists such as:
Learners are always
active. They learn by
doing, experiencing, and
engaging in TRIAL and
ERROR (Cat box exp.)
All forms of associative
learning (C.C & O.C)
involve the same
underlying mechanisms
Association
b/w stimuli
and
response
allows the
prediction/
control of
behaviour
(extinction)
Negative reinforcement
The famous dog
experiment
Paring the ringing
of a bell
(Neutralstimulus)
with the `dog` food
(UCS) develops a CS
(the bell) which
create a CR
(Salivating) by the
dog. (After
conditioning/habit)
Operant Conditioning
(Consequences of behaviour)
Associating a stimulus
to a meaningful one
The link of experiments to the humans (equipotentiality): Understanding
the nature of Human learning, intelligence and reactions..
is learning through
B.F. Skinner
Positive reinforcement
Praising/rewarding
(eg. A student)
Maltreat/punish (e.g. A
student)
Motivates/encourage
s/develops new –
positive- behaviour
(as a consequence to
P.R -rewarding)
Deters/Discourages/de
velops new –negative -
behaviour (as a
consequence to N.R -
punishing)
Thorndike
Correct S.R vs
incorrect S.R
The cat in box
experiment
Law of effect Classical Conditioning
Giving the same
response to
similar stimuli
Generalization
Several failed
attempts
(incorrect S.R)
followed by a
successful
hazardous one
(correct S.R) Extinction(stopping
doing some
behaviourafter
developing and
habitually responding
to other stimuli