2. TISSUES
AG RO UP O F CLO SELY A
SSO CI TED CELLS
A
THA PERFO RMRELA
T
TED FUN O N A D
CTI S N
A SI I R I STRUCTURE.
RE MLA N
3. Shoot and Root Systems
Shoot system
- produces sugars by
photosynthesis
Shoot
System
- carries out reproduction
Root system
- anchors the plant
- penetrates the soil and
absorbs water and minerals
- stores food
Root
System
4. Shoot and root systems are interdependent
water &
minerals
sugar
SHOOT SYSTEM
ROOT SYSTEM
5. PLANT TISSUE
SYSTEMS
• Ground tissue
system
• Vascular tissue
system
• Dermal tissue
system
EPIDERMIS
VASCULAR TISSUES
GROUND TISSUES
SHOOT SYSTEM
ROOT SYSTEM
6. PLANT TISSUES
TISSUES IN PLANTS THAT DIVIDE
THROUGHOUT THEIR LIFE.
PLANT TI
SSUES CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS:
GROWING OR MERISTEMATIC TISSUE
PERMANENT TISSUE
Permanent tissue
Meristematic tissue
7. MERISTEMATIC TISSUES
The growth of plants occurs in certain specific regions.
This is because the dividing tissue,
Known as meristematic tissue
Composed of actively dividing ceIIs, responsible for
the production of ceIIs.
Capacity for division is restricted to certain parts of
the plant body called meristems
Which are active throughout the life of the plant
body.
9. MERISTEMATIC TISSUES
KINDS OF MERISTEMS:
• APICAL MERISTEMS – FOUND AT THE TIP OF STEMS &
ROOTS
• LATERAL MERISTEMS – A.K.A. CAMBIA
- FOUND ALONG THE SIDES OF ROOTS & STEMS
- INCREASE WIDTH OR DIAMETER OF STEMS & ROOTS
- TYPES: 1. VASCULAR CAMBIUM
2. CORK CAMBIUM
• INTERCALLARY MERISTEMS – FOUND AT THE BASES OF
YOUNG
LEAVES & INTERNODES
- RESPONSIBLE FOR FURTHER LENGTHENING OF
STEMS & LEAVES
10. PERMANENT TISSUES
Tissues that attained their mature form and
perform pacific functions.
They stop dividing
Types:
• Simple permanent tissues
• Complex permanent tissues
11. DERMAL /SURFACE TISSUE
SIMPLE PERMANENT TISSUES
- CONSIST ONLY OF ONE KIND OF CELLS
A. DERMAL /SURFACE TISSUE
- EXTERNAL TISSUES
- FORMS PROTECTIVE COVERING OF THE PLANT
BODY
A. EPIDERMIS
B. PERIDERM
12. PERMANENT TISSUES
• EPIDERMIS
- THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE PRIMARY
PLANT BODY
- COVERS THE LEAVES, FLORAL
PARTS, FRUITS, SEEDS,
TEMS AND ROOTS
- GENERALLY ONLY ONE LAYER THICK WITH
CUTICLE
- COMPOSED MOSTLY OF UNSPECIALIZED
CELLS, EITHER
PARENCHYMA AND/OR SCLERENCHYMA
- CONTAINS TRICHOMES, STOMATA, BUIIIFORM
CEIIS
(IN GRASSES)
14. Stomata
• STOMATA - PORES FOR GAS EXCHANGE
- PRESENT ON ONE OR BOTH SURFACES OF
LEAVES.
15. Cuticle
CUTICLE – LINES THE OUTER WAII OF THE
EPIDERMAL CEIIS
- MADE UP OF WAXY MATERIAL THAT
PROTECTS
PLANTS FROM DESICCATION
Cuticle
Layer of
the leaf
17. Periderm (Bark)
• PERIDERM (BARK) IS THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF
STEMS AND ROOTS OF WOODY PLANTS SUCH AS
TREES.
18. GROUND TISSUES
1. PARENCHYMA
- ARE THE GENERAL PURPOSE CEIIS OF PLANTS
- CELLS ARE ROUNDED IN SHAPE & HAVE
UNIFORMLY THIN
WALLS FOUND IN ALL PARTS
OF THE PLANTS.
- LIVING AT MATURITY, HAVE LARGE VACUOLES
- LOCATION IEAF, STEM (PITH), ROOTS, FRUITS
FUNCTIONS:
*BASIC METABOLIC FUNCTION (RESPIRATION,
PHOTOSYNTHESIS (CHIORENCHYMA IN LEAF) &
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS)
*STOR
AGE (POTATOES, FRUITS, & SEEDS)
*W
OUND HEALING AND REGENER
ATION
22. Complex Permanent Tissues
VASCULAR TISSUES
SPECIALIZED FOR LONG-DISTANCE TRANSPORT
OF WATER
AND DISSOLVED
SUBSTANCES.
CONTAIN TRANSFER CEIIS, FIBERS IN ADDITION TO
PARENCHYMA AND CONDUCTING CEIIS.
LOCATION, THE VEINS IN IEAVES
TYPES:
1. XYLEM
2. PHLOEM
23. Xylem
XYLEM
GW XYIOS W/C MEANS “WOOD” TRANSPORTS WATER
AND DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS FROM THE ROOTS TO AII
PARTS OF A PLANT.
DIRECTION OF TRANSPORT IS UPWARD.
THERE ATE TWO TYPES
• PRIMARY XYLEM – DIFFERENTIATES FROM PROCAMBIUM
IN THE APICAL MERISTEM & OCCURS THROUGHOUT THE
PRIMARY PLANT BODY.
• SECONDARY XYLEM – DIFFERENTIATES FROM VASCULAR
CAMBIUM & IS COMMONLY CALLED WOOD.
25. Xylem
• XYLARY ELEMENTS – THE CONDUCTING CELLS IN
XYLEM
- 2 KINDS OF XYLARY ELEMENTS:
• TRACHEIDS – THE ONLY WATER
CONDUCTING CELLS
IN MOST
WOODY, NON FLOWERING PLANTS.
• VESSEL ELEMENTS – OCCUR IN SEVERAL
GROUPS OF
PLANTS, INCLUDING
ANGIOSPERM.
- BOTH ARE ELONGATED, DEAD AT MATURITY, LIGNIFIED
SECONDARY CELL WALLS.
Tracheids
Vessel elements
26. PhIoem
PHIOEM
- GREEK WORD PHLOIOS MEANING, “BARK”
- TRANSPORTS DISSOLVED ORGANIC / FOOD
MATERIALS FROM
THE IEAVES TO THE
DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE PLANT
- GLUCOSE IN PHLOEM MOVES IN AII DIRECTIONS
TYPES
1. PRIMARY PHLOEM – DIFFERENTIATE FROM
PROCAMBIUM AND
EXTENDS THROUGHOUT THE
PRIMARY BODY OF THE PLANT.
2. SECONDARY PHLOEM – DIFFERENTIATES FROM THE
VASCULAR CAMBIUM AND CONSTITUTE THE INNER
LAYER OF THE BARK.
27. PhIoem
SIEVE TUBE ELEMENTS
MAIN CONDUCTING CEIIS OF PHLOEM
ELONGATED AND NON-NUCLEATED
UNIFORMLY THIN WALLED WITH THE END WALLS
PERFORATED TO FROM THE SIEVE PLATE.
SIEVE TUBE ELEMENT ARE ATTACHED END TO
END TO FORM THE SIEVE TUBE.
29. SIMPLE TISSUES –
CONSISTING OF ONE CELL
TYPE
THIN WALLED & ALIVE AT
MATURITY; OFTEN MULTIFACETED.
COLLENCHYMA – THICK WALLED & ALIVE AT
MATURITY
SCLERENCHYMA – THICK WALLED AND DEAD AT
MATURITY
• PARENCHYMA –
•
•
• SCLERIDS OR STONE CELLS –
•
CELLS AS LONG AS THEY
ARE WIDE
FIBERS – CELLS LONGER THAN THEY ARE WIDE
• EPIDERMIS – ALIVE AT MATURITY
• TRICHOMES – “PUBESCENCE” OR HAIRS ON EPIDERMIS
• ROOT HAIRS – TUBULAR EXTENSIONS OF EPIDERMAL CELLS
31. COMPLEX TISSUE
• XYLEM – WATER CONDUCTING TISSUE;
PA
REN
CHYM , FI
A BERS, VESSELS A D/O R
N
TRA
CHEI
DS, A D RA CELLS.
N
Y
• PHLOEM FOOD CONDUCTING TISSUE; SI
EVETUBE M BERS (N N
EM
O UCLEUS A M TURI
T A
TY,
CYTO PLA
SMPRESEN CO M N O N CELLS,
T),
PA I
FI
BERS, PA
REN
CHYM , A D RA CELLS. I
A N
Y
N
FLO WERI G PLA TS, SI
N
N
EVE-TUBE M BERS
EM
A D CO M N O N CELLS A SE FRO MTHE
N
PA I
RI
SA E M THER CELL.
M O
• PERIDERM – PROTECTIVE COVERING;
CO M S ED O F CO RK A D PA
PO
N
REN
CHYM .
A
•.
